Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between the environment and physical activity-related motivational trajectories","authors":"Georgia Gidney ,&nbsp;Jason N. Bocarro ,&nbsp;Kyle Bunds ,&nbsp;Joerg Koenigstorfer","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study explores motivational profiles for physical activity, using self-determination theory’s full continuum of motivational regulations, and examines their stability over three months. Furthermore, it investigates whether physical environment and community characteristics are associated with transitioning between profiles, as well as the sociodemographic differences in these motivational transition pathways. Data were collected from 305 U.S. residents at three time points. The three profiles—‘low in motivation’ (23.5 % of the sample in wave 1), ‘self-determined motivation’ (41.4 %), and ‘ambivalent motivation’ (35.0 %)—were relatively stable. Staying in the low-in-motivation profile was negatively associated with being active in social settings, community support, perceived environmental restorativeness, and availability of physical activity opportunities. Having a higher education and income, being male, employed, married or in a partnership, and identifying as White were associated with being in a motivationally positive profile in the last wave of the study. These profiles reported higher activity and life satisfaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001304/pdfft?md5=62c9fc8850912c06d1e113ba0cc2f006&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of isolated and combined mental and physical fatigue on motor skill and endurance exercise performance","authors":"Hannah Mortimer,&nbsp;Neil Dallaway,&nbsp;Christopher Ring","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mental fatigue, elicited by cognitive demands, can impair sport and exercise performance. The effects of isolated mental fatigue on performance are well documented but few studies have explored the effects of combined mental and physical fatigue on skilled motor and endurance exercise performance.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study explored the effects of isolated mental, isolated physical, and combined (mental plus physical) fatigue on skill and exercise task performance.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>164 athletes were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: mental fatigue, physical fatigue, combined fatigue, control (no fatigue). Mental fatigue was induced by a 15-min time-load dual-back cognitive task. Physical fatigue was induced by a 90-s burpee exercise task. Next, all participants completed a throwing skill task and performed burpee exercises to failure. Objective (brief Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT-B) and subjective (self-report) measures of mental fatigue and Ratings of Perceived Exertion were obtained throughout.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mental fatigue and combined fatigue groups performed the worst on both the throwing and burpee tasks compared with the physical fatigue and control groups. The former reported higher mental fatigue throughout and had worse response accuracy and variation on the end-of-session PVT-B task. The combined fatigue group performed better than the mental fatigue group on the throwing and burpee tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A demanding cognitive task induced a state of mental fatigue and impaired skill and endurance performance. Mental fatigue alone was more detrimental than combined fatigue to skill and endurance performance, suggesting that the physical activity manipulation reduced the negative effects of mental fatigue on performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001316/pdfft?md5=21ae7fb0520c05ad90520a419f3d6243&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compassion matters in elite sports environments: Insights from high-performance coaches","authors":"Emilia Backman ,&nbsp;Charlotte Hejl ,&nbsp;Kristoffer Henriksen ,&nbsp;Ingo Zettler","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is an open question to which degree compassion—noticing, engaging with, and acting to alleviate suffering in self and others—is (considered) advantageous in elite sports. Addressing this question, we herein provide insights into high-performance coaches’ perceptions on the role of compassion in elite sports environments. Specifically, 12 coaches working at the highest level of their respective sport (in Denmark) partook in semi-structured interviews focusing on the utilization, implications, as well as barriers for implementing compassion in elite sports environments. Following a thematic analysis, three themes comprising various subthemes were identified and discussed. The first theme – <em>Benefits of compassion</em> – focuses on coaches’ perception of the use and implications of compassion and comprises four subthemes: <em>Compassion is important when times are tough</em>; <em>Compassion stimulates human connection</em>; <em>Compassion fosters unity in competitive environments</em>; and <em>Compassion promotes performance</em>. The second theme – <em>Increasing compassionate competence</em> – focuses on how a compassionate approach can flourish and comprises three subthemes: <em>Reflection</em>; <em>Awareness and knowledge</em>; and <em>Keeping up with the times</em>. The third theme – <em>Barriers to compassion</em> – focuses on barriers to implementing and enhancing compassion in elite sports environments and comprises four subthemes: <em>Compassion is soft</em>; <em>Power dynamics can stand in the way</em>; <em>Requires prioritization</em>; and <em>Performance outcome orientation</em>. We conclude that while compassion (beyond self-compassion) can be beneficial in elite sports, coaches still perceive barriers for successful implementation, and that research should further investigate the outcomes and consequences of compassion in the elite sport context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001298/pdfft?md5=8639669d232ab4eed21564fa4c5cfcfe&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001298-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-HIIT wonder: Can music make high-intensity interval training more pleasant?","authors":"Costas I. Karageorghis ,&nbsp;Ségolène M.R. Guérin ,&nbsp;Layan Fessler ,&nbsp;Luke W. Howard ,&nbsp;Calum Pinto ,&nbsp;Oluwatobiloba Ojuri ,&nbsp;Joy Kuan ,&nbsp;Kristian G. Samwell-Nash","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of music as an aid to recovery during and after exercise is an area of growing scientific interest. We investigated the effects of in-task, asynchronous music and respite–active music (i.e., music used for active recovery in between high-intensity exercise bouts) on a range of psychological, psychophysical and psychophysiological outcomes. Participants (<em>N</em> = 28; 14 females) made five laboratory visits for: (a) pre-test/familiarisation; (b) fast-tempo music during supramaximal exercise bouts and medium-tempo music during active-recovery periods; (c) fast-tempo music during exercise and no music during recovery; (d) no music during exercise and medium-tempo music during recovery; and (e) a no-music (throughout) control. A cycle ergometer-based HIIT protocol comprising 6 × 60-s bouts at 100% Wmax with 75-s active recovery was administered. Measures were taken at the end of supramaximal bouts and active recovery periods (RPE, state attention, core affect, state motivation), then upon cessation of the protocol (remembered pleasure and exercise enjoyment). Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) measures were taken throughout. The music manipulations only had an effect on state motivation, which was higher (<em>p</em> = 0.036) in the fast tempo–medium tempo condition compared to no-music control (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.49), and the SDNN component of HRV, which was lower (<em>p</em> = 0.007) in the fast-tempo–no-music condition compared to control (Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.32). Collectively, the present findings do not support any of the study hypotheses regarding the music-related manipulations, and do not concur with the findings of related studies (e.g., Karageorghis et al., 2021). The unexpected results are discussed with reference to extant theory, and recommendations are offered in regard to music-related applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001286/pdfft?md5=238cd7497adbf299829c78e0dd8b8f84&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001286-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting physical activity behavior among university students using the multi-process action control framework","authors":"Carah D. Porter,&nbsp;Claire I. Groves,&nbsp;Christopher Huong,&nbsp;Denver M.Y. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most university students do not engage in enough physical activity (PA) despite the known physical and mental health benefits. Action control theories such as the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework have been proposed to better understand the translation of intentions into action by incorporating post-intentional processes. However, the explanatory power of the M-PAC framework beyond traditional social cognitive constructs has received limited attention. This study examined the predictive utility of the M-PAC framework for explaining variance in self-reported and device-measured PA behavior among university students. A total of 2418 undergraduate students (Mean age = 19.1 ± 1.73 [SD] years) completed an online survey that included a self-reported measure of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as constructs outlined in the M-PAC framework: instrumental and affective attitudes, perceived capability and opportunity, behavioral regulation, habit and identity. A subsample (<em>n</em> = 376) also wore an ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven full days to assess MVPA. Robust linear regression models were computed to investigate associations between M-PAC framework constructs and PA behavior. Findings showed the M-PAC framework explained as high as 14.3 % and 37.9 % of the variance in device-measured and self-reported MVPA, respectively. Regulatory (behavioral regulation), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA when examining the full M-PAC framework, whereas the role identity dimension of PA identity was the only significant predictor of device-assessed MVPA. Taken together, these results reinforce the importance of post-intentional processes, specifically role identity, in understanding PA behavior among university students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple domain-general assessments of cognitive functions in elite athletes: Contrasting evidence for the influence of expertise, sport type and sex","authors":"Mélissa Vona ,&nbsp;Élaine de Guise ,&nbsp;Suzanne Leclerc ,&nbsp;Johnathan Deslauriers ,&nbsp;Thomas Romeas","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Converging evidence has shown that domain-general cognitive abilities, especially executive functions (EF), tend to be superior in sport experts. However, recent studies have questioned this cognitive advantage and found inconsistent findings when comparing sport type and sex. This study aimed to compare the impact of sport expertise, sport type, and sex on various domains of cognitive functions.</p><p>Two hundred and thirty elite athletes (<em>n</em>_Female = 124, <em>n</em>_Male = 106) representing three sport categories (Team [<em>n</em> = 91], Precision-skill dependent [<em>n</em> = 63], and Speed-strength [<em>n</em> = 76] sports) were assessed using a computerized neuropsychological test battery including tests of EF (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and planning), as well as tests of selective and sustained attention. T-scores and raw values were used to analyze performance through t-tests and ANCOVA with age as covariate.</p><p>Athletes demonstrated better performance than the normative mean on 5 out of 11 cognitive test variables (p &lt; 0.005). However, their performance fell within the average range when considering the results along a normative scale, except for sustained attention and working memory where they performed just above average (&lt;1 SD). There was a significant main effect of sport category on only one EF variable (p = 0.003). Males performed significantly faster than females on motor reaction time measures of attention and inhibition (all p &lt; 0.001).</p><p>In this study, the ‘expert advantage’ on domain-general cognitive tests was less prominent when utilizing a normative scale and controlling for age or speed-accuracy trade-offs, except for sustained attention and working-memory. Cognitive functions did not appear to differ meaningfully based on athletes’ sport type or sex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1469029224001262/pdfft?md5=c1452567da10a4ac040bed5e0766dd13&pid=1-s2.0-S1469029224001262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a staff physical activity professional development intervention on preschoolers' mental health and self-regulation: The active learning Norwegian Preschool(er)s (ACTNOW) cluster randomised controlled trial","authors":"Katrine Nyvoll Aadland ,&nbsp;Arne Lervåg ,&nbsp;John Roger Andersen ,&nbsp;Steven J. Howard ,&nbsp;Yngvar Ommundsen ,&nbsp;Eivind Aadland","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Physical activity may have positive effects on preschoolers' mental health and self-regulation. The preschool setting provides children with opportunities to meet physical activity guidelines and could improve with staff training in delivering physical activity. This study examined the effect of physical activity professional development for preschool staff on preschoolers' proxy-measured mental health and self-regulation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In total, 1265 children from 46 preschools were cluster randomised to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention was nested within two levels implemented concurrently: the preschool level, formed as a professional development where preschools conducted development work, and the child level, with whom the staff implemented physical activity with four core components. Data were analysed using an ANCOVA model through structural equation modelling with latent outcome factors of: emotional problems, peer problems, hyperactivity, and prosocial behaviour from the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire; and cognitive, emotional, and behavioural self-regulation from the Child Self-regulation and Behaviour Questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No effects of the intervention (standardised effect sizes -0.195–0.145, p-values 0.118–0.893) were observed. Secondary analysis showed that children with initially high prosocial behaviour and behavioural self-regulation positively benefited from the intervention (p = 0.035 and p = 0.047, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The ACTNOW intervention had no effects on preschoolers' mental health or self-regulation after 18 months, besides effects for children with initially the highest prosocial behaviour and behavioural self-regulation. Although the professional development was more extensive than previous studies it may have been insufficient to change the preschools physical activity practices.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><p><span><span>www.ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> identifier NCT04048967.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146902922400116X/pdfft?md5=6186f40ee7ad3c67a05ae05e0c0fe06b&pid=1-s2.0-S146902922400116X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEPSAC Newsletter","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental relations of achievement goals and affect in physical education","authors":"Vassilis Barkoukis ,&nbsp;Arto Gråstén ,&nbsp;Mikko Huhtiniemi ,&nbsp;Timo Jaakkola","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the developmental relationships between achievement goals and affect in school physical education.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study sample comprised 1063 (girls 546) Finnish Grade 6 students (M = 12.27 years ± 0.33 at the beginning of the study). The participants in the study were asked to provide annual assessments about their perceptions of achievement goals, enjoyment, and anxiety. The assessments were conducted four times over three consecutive years.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that mastery-approach goals were positively associated with enjoyment (between-level), whereas both mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals were positively associated with anxiety (between-level). Additionally, the associations between repeated measures (within-level) of mastery-approach goals and enjoyment were similar each year, whereas mastery- and performance-approach/avoidance goals were consistently associated with anxiety within the same year. Girls reported lower performance-approach goals and enjoyment but higher mastery-avoidance goals and anxiety than boys.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that mastery approach goals exhibit a positive correlation with favorable affective reactions, while performance-avoidance goals demonstrate a connection with maladaptive responses. Physical education teachers should endeavor to establish mastery-oriented goals for their students from the outset of the educational process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cluster randomized trial of a rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) program and a mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) program, with South African adolescent rugby players","authors":"James Barry Munnik ,&nbsp;Rudolph Leon van Niekerk ,&nbsp;Martin J. Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Until recently, research examining the application of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in sports settings was virtually absent in South Africa. Despite the growing evidence of REBT's potential as a psychological intervention in Western nations, its use within the multicultural and sports-fervent context of South Africa remains unexplored. Moreover, limited research has addressed the impact of REBT on rugby players, with only a few case studies being reported. The current experiment employs a cluster randomized trial (CRT) to compare the effects of a 7-week preferential REBT program with a 7-week Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) program on irrational beliefs, competitive anxiety and subjective performance, among adolescent South African rugby players. We also include a wait-list control group who received neither REBT nor MAC. Results indicate that athletes receiving REBT reported greater improvements in irrational beliefs, anxiety, and subjective performance, while that athletes receiving MAC also reported some improvements in anxiety. This study highlights the potential of REBT as a valuable psychological intervention in the context of South African adolescent rugby players.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}