Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology最新文献

{"title":"A rare find of a maxillary third molar with five roots: a case report of an unusual morphology.","authors":"Oana Cella Andrei,&nbsp;Gabriela Ciavoi,&nbsp;Magdalena Natalia Dina,&nbsp;Liana Todor,&nbsp;Daniela Ioana Tărlungeanu,&nbsp;Ruxandra Mărgărit","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.19","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Third molars are frequently absent or impacted; their unpredictable prevalence and morphology, with frequent anatomical variations, is a challenge for the practitioner. The number of roots of the upper third molars vary from one to five, but five roots upper third molars' cases are extremely rare. The case reported here is of a normotrophic male patient, with no significant general medical history, having extracted an impacted maxillary upper molar, with an unusual position and dimensions and five completely separated formed roots, orientated in diverse directions. It highlights the importance of using the correct surgical technique, without excessive pressure, for avoiding the fracture of the maxillary tuberosity, the displacement of the molar into the pterygopalatine fossa or the opening of the maxillary sinus, especially in the absence of good quality imagistic information like cone-beam computed tomography. The case presented in this paper is very rare and highlights the significance of anatomical knowledge, which is mandatory for managing these cases, to avoid trauma, accidents, and complications and to maintain an optimal time of extraction, since such variations occur, and the conventional radiographs do not offer enough data to clarify the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/24/RJME-64-2-275.PMC10520373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical and statistical study on enamel hypomineralization of the first permanent molar in the period of mixed dentition.","authors":"Stephanie Nicole Stoica,&nbsp;Victor Nimigean,&nbsp;Simona Andreea Moraru,&nbsp;Ioan Sîrbu,&nbsp;Vanda Roxana Nimigean","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.15","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first permanent molar (FPM) is the first tooth in the permanent dentition that emerges in the oral cavity, at around the age of six and behind the deciduous teeth, thus converting the primary dentition into a mixed dentition. Its early formation represents a risk factor for the onset of hard dental tissues disorders, the most common being the molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the hypomineralization type of developmental defects of enamel at FPM level during the mixed dentition stage, in a group of Romanian children.</p><p><strong>Patients, materials and methods: </strong>The research was conducted on 87 patients, 44 females and 43 males, divided into the following age groups: 5-6 years, 6-7 years, 7-8 years, 8-9 years, 9-10 years, 10-11 years, 11-12 years and older than 12 years. All children were examined in the dental office by a pediatric dentist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the subjects, 40.2% presented hypomineralization lesions on the FPM. Among the affected children, 62.9% were girls and 37.1% were boys. Mild forms were the most prevalent, being found in 71.4% of the affected subjects. Moderate forms were present in 22.9% and severe forms in 5.7% of the affected children. MIH prevalence significantly decreased with increasing age. Only two children belonging to the group 8-9 years and 10-11 years, respectively, showed severe MIH lesions. Statistically significant differences were determined in what regards the distribution of MIH children according to the severity of the lesions in relation to age (p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children 6- to 7-year-old have been the most affected by FPM hypomineralization, which indicates the need for early management of the disease, through a thorough diagnosis, and preventive and interceptive therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/f2/RJME-64-2-241.PMC10520374.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9897844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Coriandrum sativum on distant organ inflammation and apoptosis due to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.","authors":"Aysel Kükner,&nbsp;Pelin Toros,&nbsp;Gizem Söyler,&nbsp;Selin Isik,&nbsp;Gözde Ögütçü,&nbsp;Oguzhan Edebal,&nbsp;Filiz Meriçli","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.11","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) often affects distant organs, such as small intestine, kidney, and lung. Coriandrum sativum (CS) has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on liver damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of CS extract on small intestine, lung, and kidney after the liver IR injury. Small intestine, lung, and kidney tissues were evaluated and scored in terms of cell degeneration, inflammation, and congestion, as well as caspase-3 (Cas-3) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) immunostainings were carried out. Renal enzymes, creatinine and urea levels were measured biochemically in serum. After IR, a decrease in villi size, diffuse degeneration, epithelial cell shedding and extensive congestion in the capillaries were observed. Meanwhile, the number of degenerated villi and congestion decreased in the IR+CS group. Due to IR, increased congestion was detected in the interalveolar septum of the lungs and in the capillaries between the kidney tubules. It was also observed that the positively stained cells with Cas-3 and CD31 were increased in the lung, kidney, and small intestine tissues of the IR group, and decreased in the IR+CS group. Kidney enzymes, urea and creatinine levels were significantly increased in the IR group and decreased in the IR+CS group. In conclusion, it was observed that liver IR caused changes in distant organs, especially in the small intestine, lung, and kidneys. Damaging effects of IR as well as apoptosis and inflammation were found to be decreased in the groups treated with CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/f8/RJME-64-2-207.PMC10520375.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoexpression of Claudins -3, -4 and -7 in prostate adenocarcinomas.","authors":"Tudor Cristian Timotei Popescu,&nbsp;Alex Emilian Stepan,&nbsp;Mirela Marinela Florescu,&nbsp;Mioara Desdemona Stepan,&nbsp;Cristiana Eugenia Simionescu","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.06","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Claudins are a family of essential tight junction proteins, abnormally expressed in human carcinomas. The studies that indicated the involvement of claudins in tumor biology and progression suggest the possibility of their utility as markers for diagnosis or prognosis, but also as possible targets for therapy. We investigated 50 prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs) for which we followed the expression of Claudins -3, -4 and -7 in relation to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades. We observed the positivity for Claudin-3, Claudin-4, and Claudin-7 in 76%, 74% and 46% of cases. Analysis of the immunoexpression pattern revealed the cytoplasmic and nuclear translocation for Claudins -3 and -4, and only cytoplasmic for Claudin-7. For all claudins investigated, we noted a final staining score with significantly higher values or at the limit of statistical significance for PA belonging to ISUP groups 1-4. The internalization of Claudins -3, -4 and -7 expression, regardless of the degree of PA, indicates their involvement in prostate carcinogenesis. In addition, the similar immunoexpression patterns of the three investigated claudins and their positive linear correlation suggest a coordinated regulation and indicate the possibility of a targeted treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/5f/RJME-64-2-165.PMC10520377.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10255594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part III.","authors":"Anne Marie Constantin,&nbsp;Carmen Mihaela Mihu,&nbsp;Adina Bianca Boşca,&nbsp;Carmen Stanca Melincovici,&nbsp;Mariana Viorica Mărginean,&nbsp;Elena Mihaela Jianu,&nbsp;Mădălin Mihai Onofrei,&nbsp;Carmen Maria Micu,&nbsp;Bogdan Cătălin Alexandru,&nbsp;Rada Teodora Sufleţel,&nbsp;Ioana Maria Moldovan,&nbsp;Andrei Coneac,&nbsp;Andreea Crintea,&nbsp;Roxana Adelina Ştefan,&nbsp;Paul Andrei Ştefan,&nbsp;Amina Djouini,&nbsp;Alina Simona Şovrea","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.01","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper provides an overview of the current understanding of different cells' biology (e.g., keratinocytes, Paneth cells, myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts, chondroclasts, monocytes, atrial cardiomyocytes), including their origin, structure, function, and role in disease pathogenesis, and of the latest findings in the medical literature concerning the brown adipose tissue and the juxtaoral organ of Chievitz.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/64/RJME-64-2-115.PMC10520383.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of TLR9 in priming the immune response in oral papillomatosis induced by low-risk HPV.","authors":"Elena Cristina Andrei,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Munteanu,&nbsp;Cristina Jana Busuioc,&nbsp;Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi,&nbsp;Garofiţa Olivia Mateescu,&nbsp;Sanda Amelia Drăcea,&nbsp;Ileana Monica Baniţă","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.08","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral papillomatosis represents a benign lesion of the oral mucosa often induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) or having a non-infection local or general etiology. HPVs are very well adapted and efficient viruses able to produce changes in the immune system, endowed with the ability to replicate in the keratinocytes and to remain silent. The natural evolution of HPV infection is different, depending on the efficiency of the innate immune system. The purpose of this study was to explore Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) immunohistochemical expression in low-risk (LR)-HPV oral infection and its ability to facilitate an efficient immune response by activating the macrophages, which serve as main antigen-presenting cells. Samples of two groups of oral mucosae - LR-HPV-positive and HPV-negative - were processed for immunohistochemistry technique and incubated with antibody against TLR9 and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68). Image analysis and morphometry were conducted to assess the intensity of TLR9 immune signal in the epithelium and the number of macrophages labeled by CD68. We found a statistically significant difference between macrophage count for the subjects in HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups; thought no significant differences of TLR9 immune signal was noted, which demonstrates a diminished immune response in HPV-positive group, probably influencing the time of lesion's clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/af/RJME-64-2-181.PMC10520400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental pathology in early-onset fetal growth restriction: insights into fetal growth restriction mechanisms.","authors":"Daniela Loredana Bujorescu,&nbsp;Adrian Claudiu Raţiu,&nbsp;Andrei Gheorghe Marius Motoc,&nbsp;Ioan Cosmin Cîtu,&nbsp;Ioan Sas,&nbsp;Ion Florin Gorun,&nbsp;Oana Maria Gorun,&nbsp;Roxana Folescu,&nbsp;Daniela Gurguş","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.12","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR), an identifiable variant of FGR, exhibits divergences in its severity, management, and placental pathologies when juxtaposed with late-onset FGR. The objective of this cross-sectional investigation was to scrutinize placental pathologies in pregnancies afflicted by early-onset FGR, emphasizing a comparative analysis between cohorts with and without preeclampsia (PE).</p><p><strong>Patients, materials and methods: </strong>The study encompassed a cohort of 85 expectant mothers who received a diagnosis of early-onset FGR. Rigorous histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assessments were conducted on the placentas. Comparative analyses were performed, distinguishing between individuals diagnosed with both PE and early-onset FGR, and those presenting normotensive early-onset FGR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HP analysis unveiled a multitude of shared placental lesions, encompassing retroplacental hemorrhage, expedited villous maturation, infarctions, and calcification-associated fibrin deposits. IHC investigations displayed affirmative immunoreactivity for anti-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies within the placental infarcted villitis. Moreover, noteworthy variances in placental measurements and distinctive lesions were discerned when comparing the PE and early-onset FGR cohort with the normotensive group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal malperfusion emerged as a pivotal determinant linked to placental lesions in pregnancies affected by early-onset FGR. Remarkably, the occurrence of infarctions, specifically delayed infarctions, exhibited a noteworthy correlation with PE. These findings accentuate the significance of pursuing additional research endeavors aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing maternal malperfusion and its consequential influence on placental health in the context of early-onset FGR, with particular attention to the interplay with PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/13/RJME-64-2-215.PMC10520372.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10255599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative treatment of borderline ovarian tumors: a retrospective study.","authors":"Constantin Cristian Văduva,&nbsp;Carmen Constantinescu,&nbsp;Mihaela Ţenovici,&nbsp;Lidia Boldeanu,&nbsp;Anca Maria Istrate-Ofiţeru","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.03","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a group of tumors with histological aspects and intermediate biological evolution between benign and malignant tumors, characterized by epithelial proliferation, lack of stromal invasion and nuclear atypia. BOTs account for approximately 10-15% of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The interest in fertility preservation is very important as most BOTs are diagnosed in patients less than 40 years of age. Since borderline tumors occur in young, fertile women, the therapeutic approach depends on both staging and the need to preserve ovarian function and fertility. Treatment of BOT is primarily surgical, but recently fertility-preserving surgery has become more important. If infertility persists, ovarian induction or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be suggested in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/d5/RJME-64-2-143.PMC10520401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10255592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Marius Ionuţ Stancu, Alexandru Giubelan, George Mitroi, Anca Maria Istrate-Ofiţeru, George Popescu, Sorina Octavia Honţaru, Oana Badea-Voiculescu, Denisa Floriana Vasilica Pîrşcoveanu, Stelian Ştefăniţă Mogoantă, Laurenţiu Mogoantă","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.16","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC), despite the current possibilities of early diagnosis and curative treatment, remains a major public health problem, being one of the main causes of cancer, due to its detection in advanced stages. Screening programs applied in Western countries led to low incidence rates in these countries. Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection is considered to be the highest risk factor for the onset of GC because it causes chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and damages hydrochloric acid secretory glands, eventually leading to atrophic gastritis, which has a potential to progress to GC. In our study, we aimed at assessing the tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinomas as approximately 90% of GCs are adenocarcinomas. Our study showed that the tumor microenvironment has an extremely complex morphological structure, totally different from the microscopic structure of the gastric wall, consisting of stromal cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, blood vessels, collagen fibers, extracellular connective matrix, other cells. The tumor microenvironment presents phenotypic, cellular and molecular heterogeneity; therefore, the microscopic aspect differs from one tumor to another and even from one region to another in the same tumor. Poorly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas show a more intense desmoplastic reaction than well-differentiated ones. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive stromal cells (tumor-associated fibroblasts) and tumor macrophages were the most numerous cells of the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is the result of cooperation between tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune system cells and blood vessels. It allows tumor cells to multiply, grow and metastasize.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/e6/RJME-64-2-251.PMC10520378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gut dysbiosis in endometriosis' diagnosis and treatment approaches - case report.","authors":"Alexandra Irma Gabriela Bauşic, Sanda Maria Creţoiu, Vasilica Bauşic, Daniela Roxana Matasariu, Ruxandra Viorica Stănculescu, Elvira Brătilă","doi":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.17","DOIUrl":"10.47162/RJME.64.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The clear etiopathogenesis of EM is unclear. Increasing evidence was gathered about the crucial involvement of gut microbiota in early stages of the disease, and in its progression.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 33-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with EM, that presented with painful pelvic (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology. The patient underwent an intestinal microbiota analysis before the surgical treatment was performed.</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>The GI microbiome culture identified high levels of non-pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, hemolytic E. coli and potential pathogens: Hafnia alvei and Enterobacter cloacae. The mycology culture performed identified the presence of potential pathogens: Candida albicans and C. glabrata. Microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed Giardia lamblia in moderate amounts. These findings were compared with the information available in the literature of specialty and they imply that the patient' intestinal microbiome is heavily disrupted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are changes in the microbiota of EM patients in comparison to those not suffering from this disease. The findings addressed in this article characterize the intricate bilateral connection between the microbiota and EM. The goal of future studies ought to be to establish how the microbiome and EM are interconnected by implementing breakthrough diagnostic and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54447,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/6d/RJME-64-2-263.PMC10520371.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}