npj Microgravity最新文献

Impact of near continuous low dose rate neutron irradiation on pregnancy outcomes in mice. 近连续低剂量中子辐照对小鼠妊娠结果的影响

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00438-9

Jon G Steller, Rebecca S Blue, April E Ronca, Andrew Goodspeed, Theresa L Powell, Thomas Jansson

{"title":"Impact of near continuous low dose rate neutron irradiation on pregnancy outcomes in mice.","authors":"Jon G Steller, Rebecca S Blue, April E Ronca, Andrew Goodspeed, Theresa L Powell, Thomas Jansson","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00438-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00438-9","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of galactic cosmic radiation on reproductive physiology remain largely unknown. We determined the impact of near-continuous low-dose-rate Californium-252 neutron irradiation (1 mGy/day) as a space-relevant analog on litter size and number of resorptions at embryonic day (E) 12.5 (n = 19 radiated dams, n = 20 controls) and litter size, number of resorptions, fetal growth, and placental signaling and transcriptome (RNA sequencing) at E18.5 (n = 21 radiated dams, n = 20 controls) in pregnant mice. A significantly increased early resorption rate and decreased placental weight were observed in irradiated mice. There were no statistically significant differences in litter size, fetal weight, length, or malformation rate between the groups. Near-continuous radiation had no significant effects on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), endoplasmic reticulum stress or inflammatory signaling, rate of double-stranded DNA breaks, and had minimal effects on gene expression in the placenta. These data suggest that near-continuous, low-level galactic cosmic radiation has a limited impact on pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific cardiovascular adaptations to simulated microgravity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley大鼠心血管对模拟微重力的适应性存在性别差异。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00450-z

Ebrahim Elsangeedy, Dina N Yamaleyeva, Nicholas P Edenhoffer, Allyson Deak, Anna Soloshenko, Jonathan Ray, Xuming Sun, Omar H Shaltout, Nildris Cruz-Diaz, Brian Westwood, Daniel Kim-Shapiro, Debra I Diz, Shay Soker, Victor M Pulgar, April Ronca, Jeffrey S Willey, Liliya M Yamaleyeva

{"title":"Sex-specific cardiovascular adaptations to simulated microgravity in Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Ebrahim Elsangeedy, Dina N Yamaleyeva, Nicholas P Edenhoffer, Allyson Deak, Anna Soloshenko, Jonathan Ray, Xuming Sun, Omar H Shaltout, Nildris Cruz-Diaz, Brian Westwood, Daniel Kim-Shapiro, Debra I Diz, Shay Soker, Victor M Pulgar, April Ronca, Jeffrey S Willey, Liliya M Yamaleyeva","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00450-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00450-z","url":null,"abstract":"Men and women have different cardiovascular responses to spaceflight; however, few studies have focused on direct comparisons between sexes. We investigated the mechanisms of aortic stiffening in socially and sexually mature 20-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats exposed to hindlimb unloading (HLU) for 14 days. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was greater in the aortic arch of females after HLU versus control females (n = 6-8). HLU had no effect on aortic PWV in males (n = 5-6). Aortic α smooth muscle actin, myosin, collagen, elastin, and collagen-to-elastin ratio were not different in rats of either sex following HLU. The levels of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) were lower in the aorta of SD females exposed to HLU compared with female controls but were not altered in males. HLU females also had lower aortic PPARγ, increased oxidative stress markers, and diastolic dysfunction compared with control females. GPER agonist G1 prevented the increase in PWV and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine without altering PPARγ or p47phox in HLU females (n = 4 in each group) suggesting that lower GPER may contribute to arterial stiffening in the setting of simulated microgravity. This study highlights sex-specific vascular adaptations to the state of simulated microgravity.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study of gravity effects in directional solidification of Al-3.5 wt.% Si and Al-10 wt.% Cu alloys. Al-3.5 wt.% Si 和 Al-10 wt.% Cu 合金定向凝固过程中重力效应的比较研究。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00454-9

Guiyuan Zhang, Xinghong Luo, Yang Li, Shi Liu

{"title":"Comparative study of gravity effects in directional solidification of Al-3.5 wt.% Si and Al-10 wt.% Cu alloys.","authors":"Guiyuan Zhang, Xinghong Luo, Yang Li, Shi Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00454-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00454-9","url":null,"abstract":"Directional solidification experiments of Al-3.5 wt.% Si and Al-10 wt.% Cu alloys were conducted under gravity and microgravity conditions using a 50-m-high drop tube. The solidification morphology of the two alloys is mainly columnar dendrites and equiaxed dendrites, respectively. The dendrite arm spacing (DAS), eutectic content, grain size, and compositional distribution of both alloys exhibit distinct characteristics under gravity and microgravity conditions. The study introduces an innovative perspective by taking solute density and its redistribution behavior into account when discussing the gravity effects during the directional solidification of alloys. The results indicate that the way gravity works on the solidification behavior of alloys depends strongly on the redistribution behavior and density of solute as well as crystallization modes, such as columnar grain or equiaxed grain. These findings are helpful in clarifying the coupling mechanism of gravity and relevant factors on the solidification of alloys, not only contributing to understanding the effect of gravity on solidification better but also offering valuable guidance for eliminating solidification segregation and producing high-performance alloys.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aerospace medicine in China: advancements and perspectives.

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00453-w

Anqing Wang, Jing Yang, Shiyi Tang, Yaoyuan Cui, Juan Zhao, Junxiao Wang, Xiaoyin Li, Yan Zhao, Guan Wang, Jichen Du

引用次数: 0

Hypothesis on the outflow of optic nerve cerebrospinal fluid in spaceflight associated neuro ocular syndrome. 关于太空飞行相关神经眼综合征中视神经脑脊液外流的假设。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00449-6

Yuwei Hu, Yuanxi Lin, Lu Cheng, Yang Xu, Jian Zhang, Zheng Zheng, Huan Wang, Min Yan, Hui Chen

引用次数: 0

An advanced light scattering apparatus for investigating soft matter onboard the International Space Station.

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00455-8

Alessandro Martinelli, Stefano Buzzaccaro, Quentin Galand, Juliette Behra, Niel Segers, Erik Leussink, Yadvender Singh Dhillon, Dominique Maes, James Lutsko, Roberto Piazza, Luca Cipelletti

引用次数: 0

Simulating microgravity with 60 days of 6 degree head-down tilt bed rest compromises sleep.

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00448-7

Luise Strauch, Melanie von der Wiesche, Alexandra Noppe, Edwin Mulder, Iris Rieger, Daniel Aeschbach, Eva-Maria Elmenhorst

{"title":"Simulating microgravity with 60 days of 6 degree head-down tilt bed rest compromises sleep.","authors":"Luise Strauch, Melanie von der Wiesche, Alexandra Noppe, Edwin Mulder, Iris Rieger, Daniel Aeschbach, Eva-Maria Elmenhorst","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00448-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00448-7","url":null,"abstract":"Astronauts in space often experience sleep loss. In the AGBRESA (Artificial Gravity Bed Rest) study, we examined 24 participants (mean age ± SD, 33 ± 9 years) during two months of 6o head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, which is a well-established spaceflight analogue. Polysomnography was recorded during baseline (BDC-9), HDT (nights 1, 8, 30 and 58) and recovery (R, nights 1 and 12). Mixed ANOVAs with post-hoc step-down Bonferroni adjustment indicated that compared to BDC-9, arousals were increased, while sleep duration, N3, and sleep efficiency were all decreased during HDT. Significant quadratic associations between sleep duration and quality with time into HDT did not indicate adaptive improvements during the course of HDT. While sleep duration recovered quickly after the end of bed rest, participants still displayed protracted sleep fragmentation. We conclude that physiological changes caused by exposure to microgravity may contribute to persistent sleep deficits experienced during real space missions.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stressors affect human motor timing during spaceflight. 压力会影响人类在太空飞行中的运动时间。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00439-8

Yu Tian, Zhaoran Zhang, Changhua Jiang, Dong Chen, Zhaoxia Liu, Ming Wei, Chunhui Wang, Kunlin Wei

引用次数: 0

Development and characterization of a low intensity vibrational system for microgravity studies. 开发和鉴定用于微重力研究的低强度振动系统。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x

Omor M Khan, Will Gasperini, Chess Necessary, Zach Jacobs, Sam Perry, Jason Rexroat, Kendall Nelson, Paul Gamble, Twyman Clements, Maximilien DeLeon, Sean Howard, Anamaria Zavala, Mary Farach-Carson, Elizabeth Blaber, Danielle Wu, Aykut Satici, Gunes Uzer

{"title":"Development and characterization of a low intensity vibrational system for microgravity studies.","authors":"Omor M Khan, Will Gasperini, Chess Necessary, Zach Jacobs, Sam Perry, Jason Rexroat, Kendall Nelson, Paul Gamble, Twyman Clements, Maximilien DeLeon, Sean Howard, Anamaria Zavala, Mary Farach-Carson, Elizabeth Blaber, Danielle Wu, Aykut Satici, Gunes Uzer","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x","url":null,"abstract":"Extended-duration human spaceflight necessitates a better understanding of the physiological impacts of microgravity. While the ground-based microgravity simulations identified low intensity vibration (LIV) as a possible countermeasure, how cells may respond to LIV under real microgravity remain unexplored. In this way, adaptation of LIV bioreactors for space remains limited, resulting in a significant gap in microgravity research. In this study, we introduce an LIV bioreactor designed specifically for the usage in the International Space Station. Our research covers the bioreactor's design process and evaluation of the short-term viability of cells encapsulated in hydrogel-laden 3D printed scaffolds under 0.7 g, 90 Hz LIV. An LIV bioreactor compatible with the operation requirements of space missions provides a robust platform to study cellular effects of LIV under real microgravity conditions.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth. 离开地球后人类免疫系统面临的挑战。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9

Shannon Marchal, Alexander Choukér, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Armin Kraus, Daniela Grimm, Marcus Krüger

{"title":"Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth.","authors":"Shannon Marchal, Alexander Choukér, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Armin Kraus, Daniela Grimm, Marcus Krüger","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9","url":null,"abstract":"From the start of life on Earth, several immune defense mechanisms have evolved to guarantee cellular integrity, homeostasis, and host survival. All these sophisticated balances as shaped by and towards the environmental needs have occurred over hundreds of millions of years. Human spaceflight involves various health hazards, such as higher levels of radiation, altered gravity, isolation and confinement, living in tight quarters, and stress associated with being away from home. A growing body of evidence points towards immunological changes in astronauts, including heightened pro-inflammatory responses, reactivation of latent viruses, and cell-mediated alterations, reflecting a dysbalanced state in astronauts. Simultaneously, enhanced pathogenicity, virulence, and drug resistance properties of microorganisms tip the scale out of favor for prolonged stay in space. As we have learned from the past, we see potential for the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout evolutionary history, to adapt to the space exposome. It is unlikely that this will happen in the short time frames set for current space exploration missions. Instead, major risks to astronaut health need to be addressed first, before humans can safely evolve into the space environment.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0