npj Microgravity最新文献

Stressors affect human motor timing during spaceflight. 压力会影响人类在太空飞行中的运动时间。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00439-8

Yu Tian, Zhaoran Zhang, Changhua Jiang, Dong Chen, Zhaoxia Liu, Ming Wei, Chunhui Wang, Kunlin Wei

引用次数: 0

Development and characterization of a low intensity vibrational system for microgravity studies. 开发和鉴定用于微重力研究的低强度振动系统。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x

Omor M Khan, Will Gasperini, Chess Necessary, Zach Jacobs, Sam Perry, Jason Rexroat, Kendall Nelson, Paul Gamble, Twyman Clements, Maximilien DeLeon, Sean Howard, Anamaria Zavala, Mary Farach-Carson, Elizabeth Blaber, Danielle Wu, Aykut Satici, Gunes Uzer

{"title":"Development and characterization of a low intensity vibrational system for microgravity studies.","authors":"Omor M Khan, Will Gasperini, Chess Necessary, Zach Jacobs, Sam Perry, Jason Rexroat, Kendall Nelson, Paul Gamble, Twyman Clements, Maximilien DeLeon, Sean Howard, Anamaria Zavala, Mary Farach-Carson, Elizabeth Blaber, Danielle Wu, Aykut Satici, Gunes Uzer","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00444-x","url":null,"abstract":"Extended-duration human spaceflight necessitates a better understanding of the physiological impacts of microgravity. While the ground-based microgravity simulations identified low intensity vibration (LIV) as a possible countermeasure, how cells may respond to LIV under real microgravity remain unexplored. In this way, adaptation of LIV bioreactors for space remains limited, resulting in a significant gap in microgravity research. In this study, we introduce an LIV bioreactor designed specifically for the usage in the International Space Station. Our research covers the bioreactor's design process and evaluation of the short-term viability of cells encapsulated in hydrogel-laden 3D printed scaffolds under 0.7 g, 90 Hz LIV. An LIV bioreactor compatible with the operation requirements of space missions provides a robust platform to study cellular effects of LIV under real microgravity conditions.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth. 离开地球后人类免疫系统面临的挑战。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9

Shannon Marchal, Alexander Choukér, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Armin Kraus, Daniela Grimm, Marcus Krüger

{"title":"Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth.","authors":"Shannon Marchal, Alexander Choukér, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Armin Kraus, Daniela Grimm, Marcus Krüger","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00446-9","url":null,"abstract":"From the start of life on Earth, several immune defense mechanisms have evolved to guarantee cellular integrity, homeostasis, and host survival. All these sophisticated balances as shaped by and towards the environmental needs have occurred over hundreds of millions of years. Human spaceflight involves various health hazards, such as higher levels of radiation, altered gravity, isolation and confinement, living in tight quarters, and stress associated with being away from home. A growing body of evidence points towards immunological changes in astronauts, including heightened pro-inflammatory responses, reactivation of latent viruses, and cell-mediated alterations, reflecting a dysbalanced state in astronauts. Simultaneously, enhanced pathogenicity, virulence, and drug resistance properties of microorganisms tip the scale out of favor for prolonged stay in space. As we have learned from the past, we see potential for the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout evolutionary history, to adapt to the space exposome. It is unlikely that this will happen in the short time frames set for current space exploration missions. Instead, major risks to astronaut health need to be addressed first, before humans can safely evolve into the space environment.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retinal blood vessel diameter changes with 60-day head-down bedrest are unaffected by antioxidant nutritional cocktail. 头朝下卧床 60 天后视网膜血管直径的变化不受抗氧化营养鸡尾酒的影响。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00443-y

Tijs Louwies, Patrick De Boever, Robin Hasso, Malcom F Tremblay, Da Xu, Andrew P Blaber, Nandu Goswami

{"title":"Retinal blood vessel diameter changes with 60-day head-down bedrest are unaffected by antioxidant nutritional cocktail.","authors":"Tijs Louwies, Patrick De Boever, Robin Hasso, Malcom F Tremblay, Da Xu, Andrew P Blaber, Nandu Goswami","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00443-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00443-y","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term human spaceflight can lead to cardiovascular deconditioning, but little is known about how weightlessness affects microcirculation. In this study, we examined how the retinal microvessels and cerebrovascular regulation of 19 healthy male participants responded to long-term head-down bedrest (HDBR), an earth-based analog for weightlessness. In addition, we examined whether an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant cocktail could prevent the vascular changes caused by HDBR. In all study participants, we found a decrease in retinal arteriolar diameter by HDBR day 8 and an increase in retinal venular diameter by HDBR day 16. Concurrently, blood pressure at the level of the middle cerebral artery and the cerebrovascular resistance index were higher during HDBR, while cerebral blood flow velocity was lower. None of these changes were reversed in participants receiving the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant cocktail, indicating that this cocktail was insufficient to restore the microvascular and cerebral blood flow changes induced by HDBR.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Articular cartilage loss is an unmitigated risk of human spaceflight. 关节软骨损伤是人类航天飞行的一个不可忽视的风险。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00445-w

John G Hardy

引用次数: 0

Systematic screening of 42 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains for resistance, biofilm, and desiccation in simulated microgravity. 在模拟微重力环境中系统筛选 42 株耐万古霉素肠球菌的耐药性、生物膜和干燥性。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00447-8

Franca Arndt, Katharina Siems, Sarah V Walker, Noelle C Bryan, Stefan Leuko, Ralf Moeller, Alessa L Boschert

{"title":"Systematic screening of 42 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains for resistance, biofilm, and desiccation in simulated microgravity.","authors":"Franca Arndt, Katharina Siems, Sarah V Walker, Noelle C Bryan, Stefan Leuko, Ralf Moeller, Alessa L Boschert","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00447-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00447-8","url":null,"abstract":"Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) presents significant challenges in healthcare, particularly for hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, including astronauts with dysregulated immune function. We investigated 42 clinical E. faecium isolates in simulated microgravity (sim. µg) using a 2-D Clinostat, with standard gravity conditions (1 g) as a control. Isolates were tested against 22 antibiotics and characterized for biofilm formation and desiccation tolerance. Results showed varied responses in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for seven antibiotics after sim. µg exposure. Additionally, 55% of isolates showed a trend of increased biofilm production, and 59% improved desiccation tolerance. This investigation provides initial insights into E. faecium's changes in response to simulated spaceflight, revealing shifts in antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and desiccation tolerance. The observed adaptability emphasizes the need to further understand VRE's resilience to microgravity, which is crucial for preventing infections and ensuring crew health on future long-duration space missions.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cellular response in three-dimensional spheroids and tissues exposed to real and simulated microgravity: a narrative review. 暴露于真实和模拟微重力的三维球体和组织中的细胞反应：叙述性综述。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00442-z

Daan W A van den Nieuwenhof, Lorenzo Moroni, Joshua Chou, Jochen Hinkelbein

引用次数: 0

Dependence of cyanobacterium growth and Mars-specific photobioreactor mass on total pressure, pN₂ and pCO₂. 蓝藻生长和火星特定光生物反应器质量与总压、pN2 和 pCO2 的关系。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00440-1

Cyprien Verseux, Tiago P Ramalho, Emma Bohuon, Nils Kunst, Viktoria Lang, Christiane Heinicke

{"title":"Dependence of cyanobacterium growth and Mars-specific photobioreactor mass on total pressure, pN2 and pCO2.","authors":"Cyprien Verseux, Tiago P Ramalho, Emma Bohuon, Nils Kunst, Viktoria Lang, Christiane Heinicke","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00440-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00440-1","url":null,"abstract":"In situ resource utilization systems based on cyanobacteria could support the sustainability of crewed missions to Mars. However, their resource-efficiency will depend on the extent to which gases from the Martian atmosphere must be processed to support cyanobacterial growth. The main purpose of the present work is to help assess this extent. We therefore start with investigating the impact of changes in atmospheric conditions on the photoautotrophic, diazotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7938. We show that lowering atmospheric pressure from 1 bar down to 80 hPa, without changing the partial pressures of metabolizable gases, does not reduce growth rates. We also provide equations, analogous to Monod's, that describe the dependence of growth rates on the partial pressures of CO2 and N2. We then outline the relationships between atmospheric pressure and composition, the minimal mass of a photobioreactor's outer walls (which is dependent on the inner-outer pressure difference), and growth rates. Relying on these relationships, we demonstrate that the structural mass of a photobioreactor can be decreased - without affecting cyanobacterial productivity - by reducing the inner gas pressure. We argue, however, that this reduction would be small next to the equivalent system mass of the cultivation system. A greater impact on resource-efficiency could come from the selection of atmospheric conditions which minimize gas processing requirements while adequately supporting cyanobacterial growth. The data and equations we provide can help identify these conditions.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formaldehyde initiates memory and motor impairments under weightlessness condition. 甲醛会导致失重状态下的记忆和运动障碍。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00441-0

Tianhao Mei, Ying Chen, Yajuan Gao, Hang Zhao, Xingzhou Lyu, Jing Lin, Tianye Niu, Hongbin Han, Zhiqian Tong

{"title":"Formaldehyde initiates memory and motor impairments under weightlessness condition.","authors":"Tianhao Mei, Ying Chen, Yajuan Gao, Hang Zhao, Xingzhou Lyu, Jing Lin, Tianye Niu, Hongbin Han, Zhiqian Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00441-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41526-024-00441-0","url":null,"abstract":"During space flight, prolonged weightlessness stress exerts a range of detrimental impacts on the physiology and psychology of astronauts. These manifestations encompass depressive symptoms, anxiety, and impairments in both short-term memory and motor functions, albeit the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that hindlimb unloading (HU) animal models, which simulate space weightlessness, exhibited a disorder in memory and motor function associated with endogenous formaldehyde (FA) accumulation in the hippocampus and cerebellum, disruption of brain extracellular space (ECS), and blockage of interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage. Notably, the impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused by space weightlessness elicits the infiltration of albumin and hemoglobin from the blood vessels into the brain ECS. However, excessive FA has the potential to form cross-links between these two proteins and amyloid-beta (Aβ), thereby obstructing ECS and inducing neuron death. Moreover, FA can inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) currents by crosslinking NR1 and NR2B subunits, thus impairing memory. Additionally, FA has the ability to modulate the levels of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miRNA-29b, which can affect the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) so as to regulate ECS structure and ISF drainage. Especially, the accumulation of FA may inactivate the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein kinase by forming cross-linking, a process that is associated with ataxia. Hence, this review presents that weightlessness stress-derived FA may potentially serve as a crucial catalyst in the deterioration of memory and motor abilities in the context of microgravity.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and implementation of a simulated microgravity setup for edible cyanobacteria. 开发和实施可食用蓝藻的模拟微重力装置。

IF 4.4 1区物理与天体物理

npj Microgravity Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00436-x

Gabriele Ellena, Jana Fahrion, Surya Gupta, Claude-Gilles Dussap, Arianna Mazzoli, Natalie Leys, Felice Mastroleo

{"title":"Development and implementation of a simulated microgravity setup for edible cyanobacteria.","authors":"Gabriele Ellena, Jana Fahrion, Surya Gupta, Claude-Gilles Dussap, Arianna Mazzoli, Natalie Leys, Felice Mastroleo","doi":"10.1038/s41526-024-00436-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00436-x","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative life support systems for space crews recycle waste into water, food, and oxygen using different organisms. The European Space Agency's MELiSSA program uses the cyanobacterium Limnospira indica PCC8005 for air revitalization and food production. Before space use, components' compatibility with reduced gravity was tested. This study introduced a ground analog for microgravity experiments with oxygenic cyanobacteria under continuous illumination, using a random positioning machine (RPM) setup. L. indica PCC8005 grew slower under low-shear simulated microgravity, with proteome analysis revealing downregulation of ribosomal proteins, glutamine synthase, and nitrate uptake transporters, and upregulation of gas vesicle, photosystem I and II, and carboxysome proteins. Results suggested inhibition due to high oxygen partial pressure, causing carbon limitation when cultivated in low-shear simulated microgravity. A thicker stagnant fluid boundary layer reducing oxygen release in simulated microgravity was observed. These findings validate this RPM setup for testing the effects of non-terrestrial gravity on photosynthetic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":54263,"journal":{"name":"npj Microgravity","volume":"10 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0