Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"<i>Serratia marcescens</i> Isolates from Bovine Mastitic Milk: Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Features.","authors":"Guilherme Moreira, Luís Pinho, João R Mesquita, Eliane Silva","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090892","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Bovine mastitis (BM) is a major disease affecting dairy herds (DHs), with <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (<i>S. marcescens</i>) being increasingly implicated as a causative agent. The growing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) extends to BM-associated <i>S. marcescens</i> isolates, where resistance patterns are emerging. <b>Methods</b>: Here, four BM Gram-negative isolates were investigated: 1-DH1, 2-DH1, 3-DH2, and 4-DH3. Phenotypic characterization was performed using the Neg-Urine-Combo98 panel on a MicroScan WalkAway Plus system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterize and identify AMR and virulence factors (VF) genes and plasmids in isolates 1-DH1, 3-DH2, and 4-DH3, and phylogenomic analyses were conducted for a visual comparison of the genomes. <b>Results</b>: Phenotypically, isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3 were identified as <i>S. marcescens</i>, and 3-DH2 as <i>Serratia odorifera</i> (confirmed as <i>S. marcescens</i> by WGS). A 28.00% (n = 25) prevalence of phenotypic AMR for isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3 against Aug-E, AM, To, Cfx, Crm, Cl, and Fd was shown, and 24.00% (n = 25) for isolate 3-DH2 against Aug-E, AM, To, Crm, Cl, and Fd. The AMR genes <i>AAC(6')-Ic</i>, <i>aac(6')-Ic_1</i>, <i>aac(6')-Ial</i>, <i>H-NS</i>, <i>SRT-2</i>, <i>oqxB</i>, <i>oqxB_1</i>, <i>oqxB25</i>, <i>mexI</i>, <i>CRP,</i> and <i>blaSST-1</i>, and <i>flgH</i>, <i>fliP</i>, <i>fliM,</i> and <i>fliG</i> VF genes were identified in the whole genome of the <i>S. marcescens</i> sequenced isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3. In addition, a phylogenomic analysis of these three isolates revealed that WGS genomes are more closely related to <i>S. marcescens</i> prevenient from environmental sources. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study reports, for the first time, AMR resistance to tobramycin, cefuroxime, colistin, and nitrofurantoin in BM <i>S. marcescens</i> isolates. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of multiple AMR and VF genes, further highlighting the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the genome of the three BM <i>S. marcescens</i> isolates is more closely related to environmental <i>S. marcescens</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Cytoprotective Effects of Tea Extracts Against <i>Escherichia coli</i>-Producing Colibactin Toxin Infections.","authors":"Wipawadee Teppabut, Yingmanee Tragoolpua, Thida Kaewkod","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090886","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Kuntze or tea contains bioactive compounds such as catechin and caffeine, known for their antimicrobial and health-promoting properties. Colibactin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> are linked to genotoxicity in colon epithelial cells, potentially contributing to colorectal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of tea extracts (green, oolong, and black) and the phytochemicals catechin and caffeine on <i>E. coli</i> pathogenesis mediated by colibactin toxins, including transient infections, DNA damage, and cell cycle alterations in Caco-2 colon cells. <b>Methods</b>: Tea extracts were analyzed by HPLC for phytochemical content. Their antimicrobial activity against colibactin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (ATCC 25922) was assessed. Caco-2 cells were infected with the bacteria and treated with tea extracts or compounds. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, DNA damage was measured by alkaline comet assay, and the expression of <i>CDK-1</i>, <i>CDK-2</i>, and <i>Ki-67</i> genes was measurd by qRT-PCR. <b>Results</b>: Tea extracts and catechin inhibited colibactin-producing <i>E. coli</i> and significantly protected Caco-2 cells. Oolong tea showed the highest protection (90.78 ± 2.76%), with others maintaining viability above 80%. DNA damage was markedly reduced, and cell cycle regulation improved. All extracts upregulated <i>CDK-1</i> and downregulated <i>CDK-2</i>, aiding in cell cycle restoration. <i>Ki-67</i> expression indicated enhanced cell proliferation during infection. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights new findings showing that tea extracts, including green, oolong, and black tea, as well as the tea compounds catechin and caffeine, can protect against DNA damage and help maintain the normal cell cycle of colon cells infected with <i>E. coli</i>-producing colibactin toxin. These results support their potential role in preventing and mitigating infections caused by such <i>E. coli</i> strains while promoting colon cell health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of a Multi-Tissue Extracellular Matrix in Complex Wound Care in Gaza: A Case Series.","authors":"Bilal Irfan, Adam Hamawy, Ruba Musallam, Rahaf Abudagga, Sameer Khan, Nour Alshaer, Mohammed Tabash, Abdullah Ghali, Khaled Saleh, Mohammed Tahir","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090885","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This case series examines the feasibility and outcomes of using a multi-tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) powder as an adjunct to standard wound care in a conflict zone. Primary objectives were granulation by day 7, wound closure, and minimizing early complications among patients with complex ballistic and blast injuries in Gaza during the 2024 Israeli military offensive. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective observational study was conducted at the European Gaza Hospital from April to June 2024. Fifteen patients with high-energy soft tissue injuries who received ECM powder (XCellistem™) after surgical debridement were included. Data were extracted from operative reports, wound documentation, and clinical follow-up. Outcomes included granulation by day 7, wound closure method, and complications such as infection or dehiscence. <b>Results:</b> All 15 patients (median age 28; 14 male) sustained severe trauma, with 80% having exposed bone or tendon. ECM was applied directly to wound beds and often co-applied with vancomycin. Granulation tissue was observed in 12 patients by day 7, and 13 achieved wound closure via grafting, flap coverage, or secondary intention. No adverse reactions to ECM were reported. <b>Conclusions:</b> Multi-tissue ECM powder seems feasible and safe under austere conditions and appeared to support wound healing in severely injured patients. Its shelf stability, ease of use, and regenerative potential make it a promising adjunct for surgical care in resource-constrained conflict zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,5-Diarylidene-4-Piperidones as Promising Antifungal Candidates Against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>.","authors":"Elise Courvoisier-Dezord, Hugo Ragusa, Axelle Grandé, Louise Denudt, Yolande Charmasson, Frédéric Dumur, Didier Siri, Marc Maresca, Malek Nechab","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090883","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The present study investigates the antifungal potential of 1,5-diarylidene-4-piperidones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>These compounds were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and their antifungal efficacy was tested against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, a yeast recently qualified as a critical priority pathogen by the World Health Organization, through determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We designed and synthesized a series of piperidones to explore structure-activity relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systematic modification of the substituent pattern revealed that tetrabutoxy groups exhibited potent activity (MIC of 7.8 µM), surpassing standard antifungals like fluconazole. The selectivity index (SI) values confirmed their safety profile across various human cells. Docking analysis demonstrated that these compounds target sterol 14-demethylase, suggesting potential inhibition of ergosterol synthesis as a mechanism of action. Interestingly, the compounds also demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against other pathogenic yeasts and fungi, including <i>Candida</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species, and against fluconazole-resistant strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the potential of 1,5-diarylidene-4-piperidones as promising antifungal candidates with a favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Clinical Impact of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Bacteremia Among Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Fikri Sasongko Widyatama, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Motoyuki Sugai, Kuntaman Kuntaman","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090882","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) has increased significantly, impacting prognoses due to delayed or limited treatment options. We aimed to determine the demographic patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in a top-referral hospital in Indonesia. <b>Methods</b>: This study was observational in design and focused on hospitalized patients with bacteremia due to <i>E. coli</i> during 2022-2024. <b>Results</b>: We identified 224 patients during the study period. The median of length of stay was 7 (3-13) days. Mortality occurred in 149 (66.55%) patients, and there was no difference in the mortality between patients with ESBL <i>E. coli</i> and those with non-ESBL <i>E. coli</i>. The severity of illness, as defined by the Pitt bacteremia score (PBS), was higher in the ESBL <i>E. coli</i> group. Urinary tract infection (UTI), previous antibiotic use, and central venous catheter (CVC) insertion were independent risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL <i>E. coli</i> bacteremia. Male gender, shorter length of stay (LOS), solid tumor, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, CVC insertion, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were risk factors for mortality in bacteremia caused by <i>E. coli</i>, including both ESBL and non-ESBL producers. Male gender, shorter LOS, CVC usage, and SOFA score were independent risk factors for mortality in bacteremia due to ESBL <i>E. coli</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> increases the severity of bacteremia. Recognizing patients at high risk for ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> infections is crucial for initiating appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment targeting ESBL-producing pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factor Analysis of CRE Infections at Different Anatomical Sites in ICU Patients.","authors":"Guoxing Tang, Huijuan Song, Liyan Mao, Shaozhen Yan, Lei Tian, Cui Jian, Zhongju Chen, Ziyong Sun, Yue Wang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090884","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to identify differences in risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections across different anatomical sites and to explore risk factors associated with mortality in CRE-infected patients. <b>Methods</b>: Patients who underwent CRE screening and were subsequently diagnosed with CRE infections were included and categorized by infection site: respiratory tract (RTI), urinary tract (UTI), and bloodstream (BSI). Forty ICU patients without CRE infection were randomly selected as controls. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square test, as appropriate. Potential risk factors were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analyses, and a predictive model was constructed, with its performance assessed using ROC curve analysis. <b>Results</b>: CRE colonization was identified as a common independent risk factor across all three groups (RTI, UTI, and BSI). Infection-site-specific analyses revealed independent risk factors: RTI was associated with mechanical ventilation, UTI with trauma, and BSI with gastrointestinal injury. Predictive models for RTI, UTI, and BSI demonstrated good discrimination, with ROC AUCs of 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. In the analysis of Survived versus Deceased patients, the BSI group had the highest mortality, though the difference was not statistically significant. Deceased patients exhibited significantly higher PCT levels than Survived patients (<i>p</i> = 0.005). Prior use of carbapenems and antifungal agents, as well as Ln(PCT), were independently associated with mortality in CRE-infected patients. <b>Conclusions</b>: Risk factors for CRE infections vary across anatomical sites, with CRE colonization, mechanical ventilation, trauma, and gastrointestinal injury playing key roles. Overuse of antibiotics and elevated inflammatory responses are associated with increased mortality. These findings provide evidence for early identification of high-risk patients and optimization of individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Surgical and Perioperative Factors in Shaping Gut Microbiome Recovery After Colorectal Surgery.","authors":"Julia Kohn, Alexander Troester, Zachary Ziegert, Julia Frebault, Sonja Boatman, Maria Martell, Harika Nalluri-Butz, Matthew C Bobel, Paolo Goffredo, Abigail J Johnson, Cyrus Jahansouz, Christopher Staley, Wolfgang B Gaertner","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090881","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome is essential for gut health, immune regulation, and metabolism, but pathogenic bacteria like <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> can disrupt these processes, increasing infection risk after colorectal surgery. Prior studies show that intravenous antibiotics and surgical bowel preparation (SBP, including mechanical preparation with oral antibiotics) significantly disrupt the gut microbiota, potentially delaying postoperative recovery. However, the effects of surgical indication (e.g., diagnosis) and operation type on gut microbiome composition and function remain unclear. This study examines how SBP, resectional and non-resectional surgery, and underlying diagnoses shape the postoperative gut microbiome and microbial recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from patients undergoing colonoscopy (<i>n</i> = 30), non-resectional (ventral mesh rectopexy, transanal surgery; <i>n</i> = 25), or resectional surgery with primary anastomosis (<i>n</i> = 26) at baseline, intraoperatively, and on postoperative days (POD) 10, 30, and 180. Microbial diversity was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were measured to evaluate functional changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha diversity (Shannon indices) decreased across all groups, recovering by POD10 in colonoscopy patients and by POD180 in non-resectional and resectional cohorts. Beta diversity (community composition) also returned to baseline by POD10 in colonoscopy patients and POD180 in non-resectional patients, but the resectional cohort did not fully recover (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both surgical cohorts showed substantial losses of commensal bacteria through POD30, with notable increases in Streptococcus in resectional patients (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and Enterococcus in both surgical cohorts (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Functionally, only the resectional cohort experienced significant reductions in SCFA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.015) relative to baseline levels. Diagnosis minimally influenced long-term microbiota recovery, although cancer patients tended to have more stable microbiomes compared to patients with diverticulitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that perioperative factors, especially surgical resection and SBP, significantly impact gut microbial recovery, with pathogenic bacteria persisting up to 6 months post-surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Septic Arthritis Caused by Coinfection with <i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i> and <i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i>.","authors":"Danguole Vaznaisiene, Matas Simkus, Edita Druzaite, Justinas Stucinskas, Pranciskus Bakutis","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090880","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: Septic arthritis of the knee caused by the combination of <i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i> and <i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i> is extremely rare. <i>E. rhusiopathiae</i> is a rare zoonotic pathogen that primarily affects individuals with occupational exposure to animals, while <i>R. mucilaginosa</i> can cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 59-year-old male underwent right knee arthroscopy in 2019 due to meniscal degeneration. Two weeks later, activity-related pain appeared. Magnetic resonance imaging showed proliferative synovitis, and joint aspiration revealed the presence of <i>E. rhusiopathiae</i>, which was treated with ciprofloxacin. As inflammation persisted, arthroscopic synovectomy was performed. Cultures revealed <i>R. mucilaginosa</i> and <i>E. rhusiopathiae</i>, prompting treatment with vancomycin and clindamycin. Despite repeated synovectomies, symptoms remained. After knee trauma in 2023, infection recurred. A two-stage total knee arthroplasty was performed in early 2024. At this time, another pathogen was isolated. At 12-month follow-up, the patient's function and alignment had improved significantly. <b>Conclusions</b>: The described case highlights the importance of anamnesis, early diagnostics, and knowledge about the possible resistances of rare pathogens to ensure appropriate treatment of the illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Nanopore Sequencing to Identify Bacteria Causing Prosthetic Joint Infections.","authors":"Hollie Wilkinson, Karina Wright, Helen S McCarthy, Jade Perry, Charlotte Hulme, Niall Steele, Benjamin Burston, Rob Townsend, Paul Cool","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090879","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection remains difficult. Microbiological cultures frequently have false-positive and false-negative results. This study investigates whether rapid nanopore sequencing can be used to aid the identification of bacteria causing prosthetic joint infection for more timely identification and treatment. <b>Methods</b>: Nineteen patients who had revision surgery following total joint arthroplasty were included in this study. Of these, 15 patients had an infected joint arthroplasty. All patients had joint fluid aspirated at the time of revision surgery. The DNA was extracted from these fluid aspirates, and rapid nanopore sequencing was performed using the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The sequencing data was trimmed to improve quality and filtered to remove human reads using bioinformatic tools. Genomic sequence classification was performed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The results were filtered by read length and sequence identity score. The European Bone and Joint Infection Society criteria were used as a standard to identify infected and not infected patients. Confusion tables were used to calculate accuracy and F1 score based on this criteria and the nanopore sequencing results. <b>Results</b>: Microbiological cultures and nanopore sequencing had an accuracy of 68% and 74%, respectively. However, combining both results predicted infection accurately in 94% of cases (F1 score 96%). <b>Conclusions</b>: Nanopore sequencing has the potential to aid identification of bacteria causing prosthetic joint infection and may be useful as a supplementary diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Antituberculosis Drug Resistance and Associated Factors: A 31-Year Observational Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Barcelona.","authors":"Mateu Espasa, Belén Pagán, Mariana Fernández-Pittol, Ángels Orcau, Griselda Tudó, Felipe García, Jose-Antonio Martínez, Néstor Soler, Laura Horvath-Ruiz, Lorena San-Nicolás, Diego Martínez, Climent Casals-Pascual, Jordi Vila, Juan-Pau Millet, Joan A Caylà, Julian Gonzalez-Martin","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090875","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: To analyze trends in resistance to antituberculous drugs over a 31-year period (1991-2022) at a hospital in Barcelona and to identify associated epidemiological determinants. <b>Methods</b>: This study included culture-confirmed tuberculosis cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2022. Drug susceptibility testing was conducted with clinical data from hospital records and epidemiological data from the Barcelona Public Health Agency. The primary outcome was resistance to first-line drugs. A subset of isolates was tested for second-line drugs. Trends were compared between the periods 1991-2000 and 2001-2022, aligning with increased immigration. Factors associated with resistance were examined using multivariate regression analysis. <b>Results</b>: Among the 2448 patients included, tuberculosis cases peaked in the 1990s and subsequently declined, while drug resistance increased. Overall, 12.2% of isolates showed resistance to at least one drug: 8.5% were monoresistant, 2.3% multiresistant, and 1.4% polyresistant. The 2001-2022 period had a higher resistance rate (OR 1.63; 95%CI 1.28-2.09) but lower multiresistance (OR 0.40; 95%CI 0.23-0.69). Resistance among new cases doubled from 6.4% to 12.8%, while rates among previously treated cases remained stable. The predictors of resistance were foreign-born (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.21-1.91) and previous tuberculosis treatment (OR 2.88; 95%CI 2.17-3.81). A total of 90% of isolates remained susceptible to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although tuberculosis incidence has declined over the past three decades, antibiotic resistance has increased, driven by foreign-born and retreatment cases. Ongoing drug susceptibility testing, access to second-line therapies, and targeted public health interventions for high-risk populations are essential to maintain control in low-incidence settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}