Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Bacterial Control of Hatching Eggshells Using Essential Oils.","authors":"Igor Rafael Ribeiro Vale, Gabriel da Silva Oliveira, Luana Maria de Jesus, Marcio Botelho de Castro, Concepta McManus, Vinícius Machado Dos Santos","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><b>Background:</b></b> Decontamination of poultry surfaces through appropriate hygiene and sanitation measures can partially mitigate bacterial problems, as this process does not result in the complete elimination of bacteria. Thus, the remaining bacteria can persist and contaminate eggshells. Therefore, regardless of the rigor of the sanitary standards applied on farms, it is suggested that hatching eggs be subjected to the sanitization process. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of essential oil-based antibacterial agents in sanitizing eggs. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that essential oils from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> (L.) J. Presl. (CCEO), <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry (SAEO) and <i>Cymbopogon nardus</i> (L.) Rendle (CNEO), at specific concentrations, have antibacterial effects in vitro, reducing the load of mesophilic bacteria and enterobacteria in the eggshell by at least 3 and 2 log₁₀ CFU/mL, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The adoption of CCEO, SAEO and CNEO to reduce the bacterial load on eggshells could be a favorable change to the conventional protocol of egg sanitization with formaldehyde, especially on farms where sanitary standards are insufficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Detection of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> Isolates Due to 16S rRNA Methyltransferases with and Without <i>bla</i>_NDM in Uruguay.","authors":"Romina Papa-Ezdra, Nicolás F Cordeiro, Federica Ferreira, Virginia García-Fulgueiras, Lucía Araújo, María Inés Mota, Matilde Outeda, Verónica Seija, Rafael Vignoli, Inés Bado","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increase in antimicrobial resistance includes emerging mechanisms such as 16S ribosomal RNA methylases, which confer high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. In this regard, the most predominant genes observed worldwide are <i>rmtB</i> and <i>armA</i>, but their presence in Uruguay is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We describe the genomic characterization of isolates carrying <i>rmtB</i> and <i>rmtC</i>, together with <i>bla</i>_NDM-5 and <i>bla</i>_NDM-1, respectively, and <i>rmtD</i> in our country. Methology: Five isolates from patients admitted to three hospitals were studied. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 System. Whole Genome Sequencing was conducted, and hybrid assembly was performed with Unicycler. In silico analysis using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology's tools was undertaken to predict antibiotic resistance determinants, plasmid incompatibility groups, and sequence types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report three <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST307 isolates with an IncR plasmid carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM-5/<i>bla</i>_CTX-M-15/<i>bla</i>_TEM-1B/<i>rmtB</i>/<i>dfrA14</i>/<i>dfrA12</i>/<i>sul1</i>/<i>qacEΔ1</i>/<i>ermB</i>/<i>mphA</i>, one <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST258 harboring an IncC plasmid containing <i>rmtC</i>/<i>bla</i>_NDM-1/<i>bla</i>_CMY-6/<i>aac(6')-Ib</i>/<i>sul1,</i> and one <i>E. cloacae</i> ST88 isolate with an IncFIB/II plasmid hosting <i>rmtD</i>, within a novel Tn<i>21-like</i> transposon named Tn<i>7825</i>, alongside <i>bla</i>_OXA-101/<i>sul1</i>/<i>tet(G)</i>/<i>floR</i>, and a new variant of <i>bla</i>_TEM assigned as <i>bla</i>_TEM-258. One of the strains, named UH_B2, also carried an IncM1 plasmid encoding <i>qnrE1</i>/<i>bla</i>_TEM-1/<i>bla</i>_CTX-M-8 associated with IS<i>Ecp1</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first description of plasmids harboring 16S rRNA methyltransferases in Uruguay. The association and dissemination of diverse antibiotic-resistant genes underpin the health threat they represent, highlighting the lack of available antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription Practices and Usage of Antimicrobials in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Rwanda: A Call for Antimicrobial Stewardship.","authors":"Acsa Igizeneza, Leopold Bitunguhari, Florence Masaisa, Innocent Hahirwa, Lorette D Uwamahoro, Osee Sebatunzi, Nathalie Umugwaneza, Ines Pauwels, Ann Versporten, Erika Vlieghe, Ayman Ahmed, Jean Claude S Ngabonziza, Caroline Theunissen","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that results in high morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a major driver of AMR. This study aimed to evaluate the rate and quality of antimicrobial prescription and use at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), a tertiary-referral teaching hospital. <b>Methodology:</b> A point prevalence survey (PPS) of antimicrobial prescription was conducted using the Global PPS tool, including a healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) module. <b>Results:</b> On the day of the PPS, 39.3% (145/369) of inpatients were prescribed at least one antimicrobial. Out of the 259 prescribed antimicrobials, 232 (89.6%) were antibacterials, of which 151 (65.1%) belonged to the watch group of the WHO AWaRe classification. The top three antibiotics prescribed were cefotaxime (87; 37.5%), parenteral metronidazole (31; 13.4%), and meropenem (23; 9.9%). Stop or review dates for the prescribed antimicrobials were documented in 27/259 prescriptions (10.4%). Surgical prophylaxis (SP) was prescribed for longer than one day in 83.3% of 61 patients. Samples for culture were sent for 27.1% (63/232) of all the patients prescribed antibiotics. <b>Conclusion:</b> This PPS demonstrates multiple indicators of the poor use of antimicrobials, including the high prevalence usage of watch antibiotics and prolonged surgical prophylaxis and other poor-quality indicators. Thus, there is an urgent need for intervention to improve antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids as Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic and Critical Review of In Vitro Efficacy Against <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i>.","authors":"Dhakshila Niyangoda, Myat Lin Aung, Mallique Qader, Wubshet Tesfaye, Mary Bushell, Fabian Chiong, Danny Tsai, Danish Ahmad, Indira Samarawickrema, Mahipal Sinnollareddy, Jackson Thomas","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two major bacterial pathogens, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, are becoming increasingly antibiotic-resistant. Despite the urgency, only a few new antibiotics have been approved to address these infections. Although cannabinoids have been noted for their antibacterial properties, a comprehensive review of their effects on these bacteria has been lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review examines the antibacterial activity of cannabinoids against <i>S. aureus</i>, including methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (VRSA) strains, and <i>S. pyogenes</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS, were searched. Of 3510 records, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of cannabinoids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) emerged as the most effective cannabinoid, with MICs ranging from 0.65 to 32 mg/L against <i>S. aureus</i>, 0.5 to 4 mg/L for MRSA, and 1 to 2 mg/L for VRSA. Other cannabinoids, such as cannabichromene, cannabigerol (CBG), and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), also exhibited significant antistaphylococcal activity. CBD, CBG, and Δ9-THC also showed efficacy against <i>S. pyogenes</i>, with MICs between 0.6 and 50 mg/L. Synergistic effects were observed when CBD and essential oils from <i>Cannabis sativa</i> when combined with other antibacterial agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cannabinoids' antibacterial potency is closely linked to their structure-activity relationships, with features like the monoterpene region, aromatic alkyl side chain, and aromatic carboxylic groups enhancing efficacy, particularly in CBD and its cyclic forms. These results highlight the potential of cannabinoids in developing therapies for resistant strains, though further research is needed to confirm their clinical effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Prediction and Structural Analysis of α-Hairpinins, a Ubiquitous Family of Antimicrobial Peptides, Using the Cysmotif Searcher Pipeline.","authors":"Anna A Slavokhotova, Andrey A Shelenkov, Eugene A Rogozhin","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>α-Hairpinins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, promising antimicrobial agents, which includes only 12 currently revealed members with proven activity, although their real number is supposed to be much higher. α-Hairpinins are short peptides containing four cysteine residues arranged in a specific Cys-motif. These antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a characteristic helix-loop-helix structure with two disulfide bonds. Isolation of α-hairpinins by biochemical methods is cost- and labor-consuming, thus requiring reliable preliminary in silico prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we developed a special algorithm for the prediction of putative α-hairpinins on the basis of characteristic motifs with four (4C) and six (6C) cysteines deduced from translated plant transcriptome sequences. We integrated this algorithm into the Cysmotif searcher pipeline and then analyzed all transcriptomes available from the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We predicted more than 2000 putative α-hairpinins belonging to various plant sources including algae, mosses, ferns, and true flowering plants. These data make α-hairpinins one of the ubiquitous antimicrobial peptides, being widespread among various plants. The largest numbers of α-hairpinins were revealed in the <i>Papaveraceae</i> family and in <i>Papaver somniferum</i> in particular.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By analyzing the primary structure of α-hairpinins, we concluded that more predicted peptides with the 6C motif are likely to have potent antimicrobial activity in comparison to the ones possessing 4C motifs. In addition, we found 30 α-hairpinin precursors containing from two to eight Cys-rich modules. A striking similarity between some α-hairpinin modules belonging to diverse plants was revealed. These data allowed us to assume that the evolution of α-hairpinin precursors possibly involved changing the number of Cys-rich modules, leading to some missing middle and C-terminal modules, in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Antibiotic Treatment of Patients with Cellulitis in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Aaron K Wiederhold, Mariana B Cartuliares, Karin Jeppesen, Helene Skjøt-Arkil","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cellulitis is a common infection in Emergency Departments (EDs), and unclear diagnostics may lead to unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize patients with cellulitis admitted to the ED, describe the type and route of antibiotic treatment and compare the prognosis for cellulitis to that for other infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, cross-sectional study prospectively included adult patients admitted to the ED suspected of having an infection. Data were collected from medical records, and an expert panel assigned a final diagnosis to each patient. Only patients diagnosed with an infection were included in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 777 patients were included, of which 77 were diagnosed with cellulitis. Diabetes, obesity and prior cellulitis were associated with cellulitis with an OR of 2.01 [95% CI: 1.17-3.46], OR 2.66 [95% CI: 1.54-4.59] and OR 14.88 [95% CI: 7.88-28.08], respectively. The majority of the patients were treated, according to the regional guidelines, with narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were rarely used. The patients with cellulitis were hospitalized for a shorter time compared to those with other infections, but 26% were readmitted within 30 days. The 30-day mortality of the patients with cellulitis was 3.9% and did not differ significantly from other infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Education on Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescription for Respiratory Tract Infection Based on Physicians' Justifications: A Web-Based Survey in Japan.","authors":"Ryohei Kudoh, Kosaku Komiya, Norihito Kaku, Yuichiro Shindo, Tatsuya Hayashi, Kei Kasahara, Tomohiro Oishi, Naruhiko Ishiwada, Makoto Ito, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Naoki Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Tateda, Muneki Hotomi, Katsunori Yanagihara","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Antibiotics are inappropriately prescribed for respiratory tract infections for various reasons. The differences of the effects of education based on these reasons has not been fully elucidated. This study assessed the impact of an educational film on antibiotic prescription patterns according to physicians' prescribing justifications. <b>Methods</b>: This was a secondary analysis of a nationwide web-based survey involving 1100 physicians. The physicians were required to view a short educational film and determine the need for prescribing antibiotics in simulated scenarios of different acute respiratory tract infectious diseases. The associations between the reasons for antibiotic prescription to patients not requiring antibiotics before viewing the educational film and the positive effects of the intervention were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: The educational intervention positively affected prescribing trends among physicians who prescribed antibiotics for \"fever\" in mild acute rhinosinusitis (prescription rates from 100% to 25.9%), \"pus in the laryngopharynx\" in mild acute pharyngitis (prescription rates from 100% to 29.6%), and \"purulent sputum\" in acute bronchitis without chronic lung disease (prescription rates from 100% to 29.9%) before viewing the film. In contrast, no benefits were observed when the justification was \"patient's desire for antibiotics\" in mild acute pharyngitis (prescription rates from 100% to 48.5%) and acute bronchitis without chronic lung disease (prescription rates from 100% to 44.0%) or \"parents' desire for antibiotics\" in narrowly defined common cold in children (prescription rates from 100% to 45.7%). <b>Conclusions</b>: although educational interventions might reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescription by providing accurate knowledge about respiratory tract infections, they appear ineffective for physicians who prescribe antibiotics based on patients' or parents' desires for antibiotic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Fracture-Related Infection in Conflict Zones: Lessons Learned from Medical Missions to Gaza.","authors":"Elias Nasser, Nour Alshaer, Muaaz Wajahath, Bilal Irfan, Mohammed Tahir, Mosab Nasser, Khaled J Saleh","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Fracture-related infections (FRIs) are a significant complication in conflict zones, where limited resources and damaged infrastructure complicate orthopedic care. <b>Methods</b>: This study retrospectively reviews the management of FRIs during medical missions to Gaza from April to July 2024. <b>Results</b>: Among 135 patients treated for war-related fractures, 30% were identified with suspected FRIs, which were primarily following explosive injuries. Contributing factors to the high incidence of infection included malnutrition, poor sanitation, and the scarcity of sterile surgical supplies. The absence of standard infection control measures further complicated treatment. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight the critical need for a comprehensive approach that incorporates infection prevention, sustainable healthcare planning, and quality assurance tailored to the realities of conflict zones. The study underscores the importance of international support to ensure the availability of essential medical supplies and to develop effective, context-specific strategies for infection management. By applying these insights, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of FRIs in resource-limited settings affected by conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) on Serum Concentrations of Cefepime.","authors":"Christopher J Destache, Raul Isern, Dorothy Kenny, Rima El-Herte, Robert Plambeck, Catherine Palmer, Brent S Inouye, Maura Wong, E Jeffrey North, Mariaelena Roman Sotelo, Manasa Velagapudi","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ECMO is becoming widely used as a life-saving measure for critically ill patients. However, there is limited data on pharmacokinetics and the dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in ECMO. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentrations of cefepime in patients on ECMO to determine the impact of ECMO circuitry and to guide therapeutic dosing. Methods: Patients 19 years or older admitted to the ICU, treated with ECMO and beta-lactam antibiotics for presumed or documented infection, were enrolled. Three blood samples (peak, midpoint, trough) were obtained before ECMO (pre-ECMO) and during ECMO (intra-ECMO) at a steady state. Results: Eight patients met inclusion criteria; six received cefepime. All patients were male. Average ± SD age was 45.8 ± 14.7. Four patients received ECMO for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and one each for Pneumocystis pneumonia and influenza A infection. Mean ± SD APACHE II and SOFA scores prior to ECMO were 24.6 ± 7.1 and 11.0 ± 3.9, respectively. All but one of the patients received venovenous (VV) ECMO. Cefepime 1 g every 6 h intravenously over 2 min was administered to all patients before and during ECMO. Cefepime concentrations were fit to non-compartment analysis (NCA) and area under the serum concentration-time curve averaged ± SE 211.9 ± 29.6 pre-ECMO and 329.6 ± 32.3 mg*h/L intra-ECMO, <i>p</i> = 0.023. No patients displayed signs of cefepime neurotoxicity. Patients received ECMO for 43.1± 30 days. All patients expired. Cefepime dosed at 1 g every 6 h intravenously appears to achieve therapeutic levels for critically ill patients on ECMO.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Alkylamine-Linked Pleuromutilin Derivatives.","authors":"Kerrin Hainsworth, Melissa M Cadelis, Florent Rouvier, Jean Michel Brunel, Brent R Copp","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an effort to expand the spectrum of the antibacterial activity of pleuromutilin, a series of amine- and polyamine-linked analogues were prepared and evaluated for activities against a panel of microorganisms. Simple C-22-substituted amino esters or diamines <b>16</b>, <b>17</b>, <b>18</b>, and <b>22</b>, as well as two unusual amine-linked bis-pleuromutilin examples <b>20</b> and <b>23</b>, displayed variable levels of activity towards <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>, but with no detectable activities towards Gram-negative bacteria. Fortunately, the incorporation of a longer-chain triamine or polyamine (spermine) at C-22 did afford analogues (<b>30</b>, <b>31</b>) that exhibited activity towards both <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 25923 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 with MIC 6.1-13.4 µM. Spermine-pleuromutilin analogue <b>31</b> was also able to enhance the action of doxycycline towards <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853 by eight-fold, highlighting it as a useful scaffold for the development of new antibacterial pleuromutilin analogues that exhibit a broader spectrum of activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}