Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Microbiological Profiles of Patients with Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection Undergoing Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation and Implant Retention (DAIR).","authors":"Alberto Alfieri Zellner, Niclas Watzlawik, Jonas Roos, Gunnar Thorben Rembert Hischebeth, Ernst Molitor, Alexander Franz, Frank Sebastian Fröschen","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090873","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications following total joint arthroplasty. The debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention (DAIR) procedure is commonly employed to treat acute, early-stage infections, but its success is highly variable, influenced by factors such as pathogen virulence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pathogens responsible for these infections on the outcome of DAIR. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed the microbiological profiles of 116 patients (66 hips and 50 knees) treated for acute periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) with DAIR between 2018 and 2022. Acute PJI was defined as a duration of symptom less than three weeks, according to the criteria established by the Tsukayama and Izakovicova classification. Preoperative joint aspirations, intraoperatively collected tissue samples, and sonication of the exchanged mobile parts were analyzed for each case. We differentiated between monomicrobial PJI, polymicrobial PJI (defined as the identification of more than one microorganism from preoperative joint fluid aspiration or intraoperative samples), and difficult-to-treat (DTT) pathogens. <b>Results</b>: In this cohort, the following pathogen profiles were identified: culture-negative cases accounted for 11.1% of infections, while 64.2% were attributed to Gram-positive bacteria, 19.8% to Gram-negative bacteria, and 4.9% to fungal pathogens. Among the identified microorganisms, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most frequently detected, exhibiting a notable oxacillin resistance rate of 52.9% and rifampicin resistance rate of 28.7%. Additionally, no significant difference in revision-free implant survival was found between patients with DTT pathogens and/or polymicrobial PJI and those without such infections. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights that pathogens in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) do not solely determine outcomes, as patient-specific factors (comorbidities, implant type) may also play a key role. Regional variations in pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns should guide empirical therapy. For instance, this study found a high reliance on vancomycin due to high oxacillin resistance in CNS, the most frequent causative pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid 2-Quinolone-1,2,3-triazole Compounds: Rational Design, In Silico Optimization, Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation.","authors":"Ayoub El-Mrabet, Abderrahim Diane, Rachid Haloui, Hanae El Monfalouti, Ashwag S Alanazi, Mohamed Hefnawy, Mohammed M Alanazi, Youssef Kandri-Rodi, Souad Elkhattabi, Ahmed Mazzah, Amal Haoudi, Nada Kheira Sebbar","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090877","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The rise in antibiotic resistance presents a serious and urgent global health challenge, emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic compounds. This study focuses on the design and evaluation of a novel series of hybrid molecules that combine the 2-quinolone and 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophores, both recognized for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. <b>Methods:</b> A library of 29 candidate molecules was first designed using in silico techniques, including QSAR modeling, ADMET prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, to optimize antibacterial activity and drug-like properties. The most promising compounds were then synthesized and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR APT, mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. <b>Results:</b> Antibacterial evaluation revealed potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/mL. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings demonstrate the strong potential of 2-quinolone-triazole hybrids as effective antibacterial agents and provide a solid foundation for the development of next-generation antibiotics to combat the growing threat of bacterial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AdpA, a Global Regulator of Hundreds of Genes, Including Those for Secondary Metabolism, in <i>Streptomyces venezuelae</i>.","authors":"Marcin Wolański, Małgorzata Płachetka, Volha Naumouskaya, Agnieszka Strzałka, Michał Tracz, Diana Valietova, Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090878","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Streptomyces</i> bacteria are prolific producers of secondary metabolites (SMs), including many antibiotics. However, most biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) remain silent under laboratory conditions. Global transcriptional regulators, such as AdpA, can activate these BGCs, but their roles in secondary metabolism are not fully understood. This study investigates the regulatory function of AdpA in <i>Streptomyces venezuelae</i> (AdpA_Sv), a fast-growing model species and natural chloramphenicol producer that encodes over 30 BGCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied RNA-seq and ChIP-seq at 12 and 20 h-corresponding to vegetative and aerial hyphae stages-to profile the AdpA_Sv regulatory network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AdpA_Sv influenced the expression of approximately 3000 genes, including those involved in primary metabolism, quorum sensing, sulfur metabolism, ABC transporters, and all annotated BGCs, and it bound to around 200 genomic sites. Integration of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data identified a core regulon of 49-91 directly regulated genes, with additional effects likely mediated indirectly via other transcription factors or non-canonical binding sites. Motif analysis confirmed similarity to the canonical <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> AdpA-binding sequence, with a novel 5-bp 3' extension. AdpA_Sv directly regulated several SM pathways, including chloramphenicol biosynthesis, potentially alleviating Lsr2-mediated repression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study defines, for the first time, the direct AdpA regulon in <i>S. venezuelae</i> and establishes AdpA_Sv as a central regulator of secondary metabolism. Our findings highlight <i>S. venezuelae</i> as a promising chassis strain for heterologous expression and suggest strategies for activating silent BGCs in other <i>Streptomyces</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Drug Susceptibility of <i>Candida</i> Species and an Analysis of Risk Factors for Oral Candidiasis-A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Marcin Tkaczyk, Anna Kuśka-Kielbratowska, Jakub Fiegler-Rudol, Wojciech Niemczyk, Anna Mertas, Dariusz Skaba, Rafał Wiench","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090876","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral candidiasis is a prevalent opportunistic infection, predominantly caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>CA</i>), though non-albicans <i>Candida</i> (NAC) species are increasing worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of <i>Candida</i> species, evaluate antifungal susceptibility, and identify predisposing risk factors in patients with oral mucosal candidiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 1286 electronic patient medical records (788 women, 498 men) from 2018 to 2022 was conducted at the Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Silesia. Swabs from the oral cavity were processed to identify <i>Candida</i> strains by mass spectrometry, followed by drug susceptibility testing for amphotericin B, nystatin, flucytosine, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and fluconazole. Relevant local and systemic predisposing factors were recorded and analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 958 patients with positive fungal cultures, <i>CA</i> accounted for 66.79% of isolates, while NAC constituted 33.21%. Multi-strain infections were detected in 8.46% of patients. <i>CA</i> showed lower resistance (<10%) to amphotericin B, nystatin, and flucytosine, but up to 30% resistance to azoles. NAC strains demonstrated elevated resistance rates (>40% for most azoles), with <i>C. krusei</i> exhibiting the highest resistance to the previously mentioned antifungal agents. Key risk factors included wearing removable dentures (<i>p</i> = 0.042) and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (<i>p</i> = 0.0431). Additional factors, including poor oral hygiene, reduced salivary flow, and immunosuppressive conditions, further increased infection risk. Patients presenting with multiple risk factors were more likely to have multi-strain infections and more severe disease courses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This retrospective analysis highlights the growing prevalence of NAC, rising antifungal resistance (particularly to azoles), and the importance of identifying risk factors, especially denture use and poor glycemic control. Enhanced preventive strategies, robust diagnostic approaches, and optimized antifungal regimens are essential to address this evolving clinical challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis of MRSA for Evaluating Local Transmission Dynamics in Geriatric Long-Term Care Facilities in Japan.","authors":"Takayuki Suzuki, Teppei Sasahara, Shinya Watanabe, Koki Kosami, Dai Akine, Yumi Kinoshita, Longzhu Cui, Shuji Hatakeyama","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090874","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) colonization in geriatric long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is a global concern. However, the transmission dynamics of MRSA among LTCF residents in Japan remain largely unknown. <b>Methods:</b> Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 85 MRSA isolates obtained from 76 residents across 4 geriatric LTCFs in Japan. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed to identify the transmission dynamics, with a threshold of ≤15 pairwise core-genome SNP distances defining recent transmission clusters (genomic clusters). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and investigation of antimicrobial resistance genes were also performed. <b>Results:</b> Among the 76 MRSA-carrying residents, 34 (44.7%) belonged to 14 genomic clusters, including strains from clinical specimens of 7 individuals. Three individuals acquired MRSA strains within the LTCFs, which were part of genomic clusters. Conversely, 14 residents who underwent testing immediately after admission carried MRSA strains within genomic clusters, suggesting transmission prior to their LTCF admission. MRSA isolates that were prevalent among LTCF residents were generally susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but resistant to levofloxacin and clindamycin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Acquisition of MRSA genomic cluster strains among LTCF residents can occur both during and before admission to the facility. These findings underscore the need for measures that mitigate MRSA transmission inside and outside LTCFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Antimicrobial Consumption, Isolation Rate, and Resistance Profiles of Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Healthcare Institution.","authors":"Predrag Savic, Ljiljana Gojkovic Bukarica, Predrag Stevanovic, Teodora Vitorovic, Zoran Bukumiric, Olivera Vucicevic, Nenad Milanov, Vladimir Zivanovic, Ana Bukarica, Milos Gostimirovic","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090871","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090871","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The aims of this paper are to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the non-rational use of antibiotics and potential alterations in the antibiotic resistance profiles of multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates of &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; (KPN), &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; (PAE), and &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt; (ABA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was conducted at the tertiary University Hospital \"Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje\" (Belgrade, Serbia) and was divided into three periods: pre-pandemic (1.4.2019-31.3.2020, period I), COVID-19 pandemic (1.4.2020-31.3.2021, period II), and COVID-19 pandemic-second phase (1.4.2021-31.3.2022, period III). Cultures were taken from each patient with clinically suspected infection (symptoms, biochemical markers of infection). All departments of the hospital were included in this study. Based on the source, all microbiological specimens were divided into 1° blood, 2° respiratory tract (tracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, throat, sputum), 3° central-line catheter, 4° urine, 5° urinary catheter, 6° skin and soft tissue, and 6° other (peritoneal fluid, drainage sample, bioptate, bile, incisions, fistulas, and abscesses). After the isolation of bacterial strains from the samples, an antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for each individual isolate with the automated Vitek&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; 2 COMPACT. Antibiotic consumption testing was performed by the WHO guideline equations (ATC/DDD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 2196 strains of KPN, PAE, and ABA from 41,144 hospitalized patients were isolated (23.6% of the number of total isolates). The number of ABA isolates statistically increased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.021), while the number of PAE isolates statistically decreased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) during the pandemic. An increase in the percentage of MDR strains was observed for KPN (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.028) and PAE (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027). There has been an increase in the antibiotic resistance of KPN for piperacillin-tazobactam, the third and fourth generations of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime), all carbapanems (imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem), and levofloxacin; of PAE for imipenem; and of ABA for amikacin. Total antibiotic consumption increased (from 755 DBD to 1300 DBD, +72%), especially in the watch and reserve group of antibiotics. The highest increases were noted for vancomycin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, and meropenem. MV positively correlated with the increased occurrence of MDR KPN (r = 0.35, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) and MDR PAE (r = 0.43, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) but not for MDR ABA (r = 0.09, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.614). There has been a statistically significant increase in the &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; sp. isolates, but the prevalence of &lt;i&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/i&gt; infection remained unchanged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the increase in total and MDR strains of KPN, ABA, and PAE and worsened their a","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Routine Use of Clinical Guidelines by Addition of Supplements (Probiotics and/or Bismuth) to <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Eradication Protocols in a Clarithromycin Resistant and Tetracycline/Bismuth Naive Area: A Real-World Data Retrospective Analysis of 402 Cases (2016-24) in a Single Gastroenterology Unit.","authors":"András Gelley, Noémi Kéri, Péter Birinyi, Kinga Komka, Vajk Hardy, László Döngölő, Dóra Szeli, Ibolya Czegle","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090870","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The official current guideline for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) eradication is to use tetracycline-bismuth-based protocols as first line treatment due to the increasing incidence of clarithromycin resistance in the last decade. The unavailability of tetracycline and bismuth-containing medicines, however, is an issue in many countries, limiting the routine use of these protocols. The value of using additional probiotics in eradication protocols is also unclear. Direct comparison data on the effect of available bismuth compounds and different probiotic strains on eradication outcome are limited. <b>Goal:</b> The aim of our investigation was to find optimal eradication protocols, supplementations and treatment duration for routine clinical use in our gastroenterology unit, located in a highly clarithromycin-resistant and tetracycline-bismuth-naïve area. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective real-world data analysis of 402 <i>H. pylori</i> positive patients between 2016 and 2024. <i>H. pylori</i> infection was diagnosed using histological examination of gastroscopy samples obtained from the gastric antrum. For the evaluation of treatment success or failure, ¹⁴C breath tests and stool <i>H. pylori</i> antigen tests were performed. Data on patient characteristics and treatment protocols were collected from our electronic patient record system, and treatment success was compared between the different treatment regimes. <b>Results:</b> Despite the regional clarithromycin resistance, supplementing clarithromycin-based regimens with bismuth and probiotic during the 14-day treatment duration showed a high and comparable cure rate when compared to tetracycline-based regimens, which are the current first-line therapies. When tetracycline-based combination is available, it is recommended to use it with an additional probiotic to achieve the best possible outcome. Comparison of the effect of available bismuth preparations on treatment success showed no significant difference. Generally, probiotic-containing protocols are more successful, compared to those treatments without this supplement. There was no statistical difference in the cure rates amongst the four probiotic strains used, where sample size allowed statistical analysis. Furthermore, supplementation with probiotics <i>Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475</i> or <i>Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis^® DSM 17938</i> showed promising high treatment success rates (85.2% and 100.0%, respectively) in our study.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Underuse and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Hospitalized Children in a National Referral Hospital in Kenya: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Veronicah M Chuchu, Teresa Ita, Irene Inwani, Julius Oyugi, S M Thumbi, Sylvia Omulo","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090872","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, with children in low- and middle-income countries bearing a disproportionate burden. Data on resistance patterns and diagnostic practices in pediatric populations remain limited. This study evaluated diagnostic utilization and AMR among children hospitalized with bacterial infections at a national referral hospital in Kenya. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric inpatients (0-12 years) admitted with bacterial infections between 2017 and 2021. Patient records were identified using ICD-10 codes and reviewed for diagnostic testing and antimicrobial susceptibility. Descriptive statistics were conducted to show infection counts, diagnostic testing, and resistance outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Among 1608 patients, 1009/1608 (63%) were infants under one year. Culture was conducted in 640/1608 (40%) and antimicrobial sensitivity testing in 111/640 (17%) patients. Gastroenteritis (46%) was the most common infection and blood the most frequently collected specimen (31%). Of 1039 cultured specimens, 896/1039 (86%) showed no growth. The most commonly isolated organisms were <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> 19/128 (15%), <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (13%, 17/128), and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (13%, 16/128). Notably, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> showed 100% resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, suggestive of ESBL production. Among the tested samples, 92/128 (72%) had MDROs, and 26/92 (28%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Among the patients tested, 84/111 (76%) had MDROs, of which 25/84 (30%) were XDR. Children under 5 years had higher odds (OR = 5.84, 95% CI: 1.17-38.21) of having MDRO infections, as well as those with multiple admissions (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.06-20.34). Further, increasing age was inversely associated with MDRO presence. The odds of MDRO infection decreased by 24% for every year increase in age (aOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.93; <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings highlight the limited diagnostic use and a high burden of MDROs and XDR infections in hospitalized children. Strengthening diagnostic capacity and pediatric antimicrobial stewardship is urgently needed in such settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Biofilm-Forming Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Rio de Janeiro.","authors":"Maria Clara F Oliveira, Anna Luiza B Canellas, Lidiane C Berbert, Alexander M Cardoso, Vitoria A Silva, Samantha S T Garutti, Débora Hosana F Rangel, Rubens Clayton S Dias, Jamila Alessandra Perini, Claudia R V M Souza, Thiago P G Chagas, Marinella S Laport, Flávia Lúcia P C Pellegrino","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090869","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections in both community and hospital settings worldwide. Antimicrobial-resistant UPEC strains pose a significant challenge for effective antibiotic therapy. In this study, 50 bacterial isolates recovered from urine samples of patients attended in different sectors of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro over five months were analyzed to assess antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles through broad gene screening. <b>Methods:</b> Biofilm production was assessed using a semi-quantitative adherence assay. PCR was employed to investigate 27 resistance genes, 6 virulence genes, sequence types (STs), and phylogroups. Susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion testing. Furthermore, the pathogenic potential was evaluated <i>in vivo</i> using the <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae infection model. <b>Results:</b> Most UPEC isolates were moderate or strong biofilm producers (41/50; 82%). The <i>sul1</i> and <i>sul2</i> resistance genes were the most frequently detected (58%). Two virulence gene patterns were identified: <i>fyuA</i>, <i>iutA</i>, <i>fimH</i>, <i>cnf1</i> and <i>fyuA</i>, <i>iutA</i>, <i>fimH</i> (13 isolates; 26%). ST131 and ST73 were the most common sequence types (16% each), and phylogroup B2 was the most prevalent (50%). Thirty isolates (60%) were multidrug-resistant, most of which belonged to phylogroup B2. UPEC exhibited dose-dependent lethality, causing 100% mortality at 2.6 × 10⁸ CFU/mL within 24 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings reinforce the urgent need for surveillance strategies and effective antimicrobial stewardship in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilms Exposed: Innovative Imaging and Therapeutic Platforms for Persistent Infections.","authors":"Manasi Haval, Chandrashekhar Unakal, Shridhar C Ghagane, Bijay Raj Pandit, Esther Daniel, Parbatee Siewdass, Kingsley Ekimeri, Vijayanandh Rajamanickam, Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Kathy-Ann A Lootawan, Fabio Muniz De Oliveira, Nivedita Bashetti, Tatheer Alam Naqvi, Arun Shettar, Pramod Bhasme","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090865","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms constitute a significant challenge in the therapy of infectious diseases, offering remarkable resistance to both pharmacological treatments and immunological elimination. This resilience is orchestrated through the regulation of extracellular polymeric molecules, metabolic dormancy, and quorum sensing, enabling biofilms to persist in both clinical and industrial environments. The resulting resistance exacerbates chronic infections and contributes to mounting economic burdens. This review examines the molecular and structural complexities that drive biofilm persistence and critically outlines the limitations of conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We emphasize advanced technologies such as super-resolution microscopy, microfluidics, and AI-driven modeling that are reshaping our understanding of biofilm dynamics and heterogeneity. Further, we highlight recent progress in biofilm-targeted therapies, including CRISPR-Cas-modified bacteriophages, quorum-sensing antagonists, enzyme-functionalized nanocarriers, and intelligent drug-delivery systems responsive to biofilm-specific cues. We also explore the utility of in vivo and ex vivo models that replicate clinical biofilm complexity and promote translational applicability. Finally, we discuss emerging interventions grounded in synthetic biology, such as engineered probiotic gene circuits and self-regulating microbial consortia, which offer innovative alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. Collectively, these interdisciplinary strategies mark a paradigm shift from reactive antibiotic therapy to precision-guided biofilm management. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with systems biology principles, this review proposes a comprehensive framework for disrupting biofilm architecture and redefining infection treatment in the post-antibiotic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}