Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111103
Ute Chiriac, Uwe Liebchen, Otto Roman Frey, Heike Lanzinger, Sabrina Klein, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Matthias Karck, Anna Meyer, Benedict Morath
{"title":"Model-Based Dose Identification of Dalbavancin for Long-Term Suppressive Outpatient Treatment of Ventricular Assist Device Infections.","authors":"Ute Chiriac, Uwe Liebchen, Otto Roman Frey, Heike Lanzinger, Sabrina Klein, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Matthias Karck, Anna Meyer, Benedict Morath","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111103","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence suggests that dalbavancin is an effective long-term treatment for ventricular assist device (VAD) infections, with various prolonged dosing regimens currently in use. This retrospective study aimed to assess dalbavancin pharmacokinetics in VAD patients and identify optimal, feasible dosing regimens for long-term suppressive outpatient therapy. Data from Heidelberg University Hospital's VAD register were analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects modeling for pharmacokinetic analysis and dosing simulations (Lixoft<sup>®</sup>). The probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) were calculated for different protein-binding scenarios considering the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Using data from 13 patients with 38 blood samples, a two-compartment model best described the dalbavancin pharmacokinetics, with a typical value for clearance of 0.050 L/h, central volume of distribution of 6.5 L, and peripheral volume of 15.4 L. No covariates significantly improved the model fit. The observed protein binding varied between 96 and 98%. Dosing simulations demonstrated that 1500 mg every 3 weeks ensured the target attainment for stasis at MIC values of 0.125 mg/L (PTA ≥ 90%) up to a protein binding of 99%. Considering the CRF, longer dosing intervals up to 5 weeks might be possible. Depending on individual MICs and protein binding, a dalbavancin regimen of 1500 mg every 3 to 5 weeks therefore appears to be a valuable option for outpatient therapy of VAD infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered to manage inter-individual variability and to support clinicians in long-term treatments of subacute and chronic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111105
Diana Munguia-Ramos, Luis Fernando Xancal-Salvador, Verónica Esteban-Kenel, Narciso Ortiz-Conchi, Ricardo Antonio Jaimes-Aquino, Miguel Mendoza-Rojas, Axel Cervantes-Sánchez, Steven Méndez-Ramos, Hector Orlando Rivera-Villegas, Sandra Rajme-Lopez, Karla Maria Tamez-Torres, Carla Marina Roman-Montes, Areli Martínez-Gamboa, Miriam Bobadilla Del-Valle, Jose Sifuentes-Osornio, Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon, Maria Fernanda Gonzalez-Lara, Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra
{"title":"Rapid Detection of Carbapenemases Using NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 in Positive Blood Cultures: A Diagnostic Test Study.","authors":"Diana Munguia-Ramos, Luis Fernando Xancal-Salvador, Verónica Esteban-Kenel, Narciso Ortiz-Conchi, Ricardo Antonio Jaimes-Aquino, Miguel Mendoza-Rojas, Axel Cervantes-Sánchez, Steven Méndez-Ramos, Hector Orlando Rivera-Villegas, Sandra Rajme-Lopez, Karla Maria Tamez-Torres, Carla Marina Roman-Montes, Areli Martínez-Gamboa, Miriam Bobadilla Del-Valle, Jose Sifuentes-Osornio, Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon, Maria Fernanda Gonzalez-Lara, Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111105","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are emerging as an important challenge in health-care settings and a growing concern worldwide. Lateral flow immunoassay NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 can detect the five most reported carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48-like, VIM, IMP, and NDM). Direct testing of positive blood cultures could reduce time to detection. This study aims to validate and report on the diagnostic yield of a novel method for carbapenemase detection in positive blood culture vials using NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented an investigator-developed method for the direct testing of positive blood cultures using NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5. We compared results between genotypic, phenotypic, and direct NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 in blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 isolates were tested (21 Enterobacterales and 11 <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>). Genotypic testing detected 23 carbapenemases. When comparing the results of NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 in blood with genotypic testing, agreement was observed in 31/32 (97%) tests. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 in blood were 93%, 100%, 100%, and 94%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our method using NG-Test<sup>®</sup> CARBA 5 directly in blood culture samples presented an excellent diagnostic yield when compared to genotypic profiling and permits an accurate detection of carbapenemases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111107
Min Yi Lau, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, Chun Wie Chong, Jacky Dwiyanto, Yee Qing Lee, Jia Jie Woon, Zhi Xian Kong, Azmiza Syawani Jasni, Michelle Chin Chin Lee, Unaizah Hanum Obaidellah, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
{"title":"The Characterisation of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia.","authors":"Min Yi Lau, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, Chun Wie Chong, Jacky Dwiyanto, Yee Qing Lee, Jia Jie Woon, Zhi Xian Kong, Azmiza Syawani Jasni, Michelle Chin Chin Lee, Unaizah Hanum Obaidellah, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111107","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant organisms, particularly <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, pose a significant threat to healthcare systems worldwide. This retrospective study aims to characterise carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) strains in a teaching hospital and to determine the risk factors associated with patients' in-hospital mortality. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 90 CRAB and 63 CRKP were included in this study. Carbapenemase genes and MLST types of CRAB and CRKP were determined using specific primers. Risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were analysed with collected data. <b>Results:</b> All the CRAB strains consisted of OXA carbapenemase genes, with 98% of the strains co-harbouring <i>bla</i>OXA-23-like and <i>bla</i>OXA-51-like carbapenemase genes. Conversely, <i>bla</i>NDM is the predominant carbapenemase gene in CRKP, followed by <i>bla</i>OXA-48-like carbapenemase genes. ST2 and ST20 are the dominant MLST types in CRAB and CRKP, respectively. In CRAB, multivariate analysis identified age, ethnicity, the presence of a mechanical ventilator, and patients who experienced previous exposure to clindamycin in the last 90 days as associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. In contrast, older age, male, ICU admission, and the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality for patients with CRKP. <b>Conclusions</b>: Both CRAB and CRKP lead to high rates of mortality. The MLST profile showed that the genomic patterns of CRKP were highly diverse, whereas CRAB strains had low genetic diversity. To tackle these challenging pathogens, robust surveillance and an in-depth understanding of molecular epidemiology and genomics studies are needed to tailor infection control strategies and individualise treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111104
Muhtar Kadirhaz, Yushan Zhang, Nan Zhao, Iltaf Hussain, Sen Xu, Miaomiao Xu, Chengzhou Tang, Wei Zhao, Yi Dong, Yu Fang, Jie Chang
{"title":"Antibiotic Prescribing Decisions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Among Primary Healthcare Physicians in China: A Mixed-Methods Approach Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.","authors":"Muhtar Kadirhaz, Yushan Zhang, Nan Zhao, Iltaf Hussain, Sen Xu, Miaomiao Xu, Chengzhou Tang, Wei Zhao, Yi Dong, Yu Fang, Jie Chang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111104","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> In China, primary healthcare (PHC) facilities have high antibiotic prescribing rates for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), which are primarily viral and self-limited. This study aimed to identify the main factors influencing PHC physicians' antibiotic decisions for URITs based on the theory of planned behavior. <b>Methods:</b> A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted at 30 PHC facilities across Shaanxi Province, China. A total of 108 PHC physicians completed a five-point Likert Scale questionnaire focused on behavioral components of antibiotic prescribing, including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, belief in past experiences, and prescribing intentions. Twenty-two physicians participated in semi-structured interviews. <b>Results:</b> Respondents had a good awareness of AMR (Mean = 4.49) and a weak belief regarding the benefit of antibiotics (Mean = 2.34). The mean score for subjective norms was 3.36, and respondents had good control over their prescribing behavior (Mean = 4.00). A reliance on past prescribing experiences was observed (Mean = 3.34), and physicians' antibiotic prescribing intention was 3.40 on average. Multiple linear regression revealed that physicians showing a more favorable attitude towards antibiotics (<i>p</i> = 0.042) and relying more on their past experiences (<i>p</i> = 0.039) had a higher antibiotic prescribing intention. Qualitative interviews indicated that most physicians would consider prescribing antibiotics when facing diagnostic uncertainty. Low utilization of diagnostic tests, limited effectiveness of training programs, inadequate knowledge of guidelines, and lack of feedback on antibiotic prescriptions all contributed to antibiotic overprescribing. <b>Conclusions:</b> PHC physicians in China demonstrated strong intentions to prescribe antibiotics for URTIs when facing diagnostic uncertainty. Beliefs about antibiotics and previous prescribing behavior were significantly linked to prescribing intentions. Multifaceted interventions that focus on facilitating diagnostic tests, improving the quality of training, effectively implementing clinical guidelines, and providing practical feedback on antibiotic prescriptions may help reduce antibiotic overprescribing in China's PHC facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111106
Nilakshi Barua, Alak Kumar Buragohain
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an Antimycobacterial Agent: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Nilakshi Barua, Alak Kumar Buragohain","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111106","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uncontrolled emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterial strains presents as the primary determinant of the present crisis in antimycobacterial therapeutics and underscores tuberculosis (TB) as a daunting global health concern. There is an urgent requirement for drug development for the treatment of TB. Numerous novel molecules are presently undergoing clinical investigation as part of TB drug development. However, the complex cell wall and the lifecycle of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> within the host pose a significant challenge to the development of new drugs and, therefore, led to a shift in research focus towards alternative antibacterial compounds, notably nanotechnology. A novel approach to TB therapy utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) holds the potential to address the medical limitations imposed by drug resistance commonly associated with currently available antibiotics. Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity presents the utilization of AgNPs as a promising avenue for the development of therapeutics targeting mycobacterial-induced diseases, which can effectively target <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, including drug-resistant strains. AgNPs can enhance the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes and a shorter duration of therapy. However, the successful implementation of this complementary strategy is contingent upon addressing several pivotal therapeutic challenges, including suboptimal delivery, variability in intra-macrophagic antimycobacterial effect, and potential toxicity. Future perspectives may involve developing targeted delivery systems that maximize therapeutic effects and minimize side effects, as well as exploring combinations with existing TB medications to enhance treatment outcomes. We have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the antimycobacterial activity of AgNPs, and critically analyze the advantages and limitations of employing silver nanoparticles in the treatment of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Inhaled Colistin via Two Nebulizer Types in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Prospective Randomized Trial.","authors":"Chung-Chi Huang, Tien-Pei Fang, Chieh-Mo Lin, Chien-Ming Chu, Hsuan-Ling Hsiao, Jui-Fang Liu, Hsin-Hsien Li, Li-Chung Chiu, Kuo-Chin Kao, Chin-Hsi Kuo, Shaw-Woei Leu, Hui-Ling Lin","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111099","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Backgroud:</b> This prospective randomized trial evaluated the clinical efficacy of inhaled colistin administered through two distinct nebulizer types, a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) and a jet nebulizer (JN), in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, an in vitro model was used to determine the optimal delivery of colistin. <b>Method:</b> Thirty-two patients prescribed intravenous (IV) colistin inhalation were randomized to receive either a VMN (n = 17) or a JN (n = 15), then compared to the control group (IV alone) over a 7-to 10-day period. The primary endpoint was the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS), and the secondary endpoints were the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACE) score, and duration of ventilator use. <b>Results:</b> Results from in vitro testing demonstrated that VMN delivered a significantly higher colistin dose than JN (35.68 ± 3.55% vs. 23.56 ± 3.31%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) when positioned at the humidifier inlet. Compared to the IV alone group, the IV with inhalation group yielded significant improvements in CPIS, SOFA score, and APACHE score on day 7; nevertheless, clinical outcomes between the two nebulizers were statistically indistinguishable. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, although VMN delivers a higher dose in vitro, both nebulizers yielded comparable clinical outcomes. This study was registered at US Clinical Trial Registration (NCT04633317).</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111101
Ekaterina I Finkina, Ivan V Bogdanov, Olga V Shevchenko, Serafima I Fateeva, Anastasia A Ignatova, Sergey V Balandin, Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of the Tobacco Defensin NaD1.","authors":"Ekaterina I Finkina, Ivan V Bogdanov, Olga V Shevchenko, Serafima I Fateeva, Anastasia A Ignatova, Sergey V Balandin, Tatiana V Ovchinnikova","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111101","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Defensins are important components of the innate plant immune system, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens, as well as against fungi pathogenic to humans. Along with antifungal activity, plant defensins are also capable of influencing various immune processes, but not much is known about these effects. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the tobacco defensin NaD1, which possesses a pronounced antifungal activity. <b>Methods and Results:</b> We showed that NaD1 could penetrate the Caco-2 polarized monolayer. Using a multiplex assay with a panel of 48 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, we demonstrated that NaD1 at a concentration of 2 μM had immunomodulatory effects on human dendritic cells and blood monocytes, mainly inhibiting the production of various immune factors. Using the sandwich ELISA method, we demonstrated that NaD1 at the same concentration had a pronounced immunomodulatory effect on unstimulated THP-1-derived macrophages and those stimulated by bacterial LPS or fungal zymosan. NaD1 had a dual effect and induced the production of both pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 on resting and pro-inflammatory THP-1-derived macrophages. We also found that the immunomodulatory effects of the tobacco defensin NaD1 and the pea defensin Psd1 differed from each other, indicating nonuniformity in the modes of action of plant defensins. <b>Conclusions:</b> Thus, our data demonstrated that the tobacco defensin NaD1 exhibits different immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells. We hypothesized that influence on human immune system along with antifungal activity, could determine the effectiveness of this peptide under infection in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111100
Haisheng Lin, Weiqiang Shen, Bei Luo, Wenhong Cao, Xiaoming Qin, Jialong Gao, Zhongqin Chen, Huina Zheng, Bingbing Song
{"title":"Proteomic Analysis of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>-Stimulated <i>Pinctada martensii</i> Proteins for Antimicrobial Activity, Potential Mechanisms, and Key Components.","authors":"Haisheng Lin, Weiqiang Shen, Bei Luo, Wenhong Cao, Xiaoming Qin, Jialong Gao, Zhongqin Chen, Huina Zheng, Bingbing Song","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111100","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Bacterial infections are a major challenge in food processing and public health, and there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents. <b>Objectives:</b> The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism and key components of <i>Pinctada martensii</i> antimicrobial proteins (Pm-Aps) to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. <b>Methods:</b> The researchers used <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (VP) to stimulate <i>Pinctada martensii</i>, extracted the antimicrobial proteins, and analyzed their antimicrobial activities, potential mechanisms of action, and key components using proteomics. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Pm-Aps, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects, was significantly enhanced after VP stimulation. This was associated with the upregulation of <i>LAAO</i>, <i>CHDH</i>, <i>TLR2</i>, <i>ATG16L1</i>, <i>BAK</i>, <i>CLCA4</i>, and <i>CASP8</i> and the downregulation of <i>MCM3</i>, <i>MCM5</i>, <i>DTYMK</i>, <i>PLK1</i>, <i>FBXO6</i>, <i>LPCAT3</i>, <i>GST</i>, <i>LAMTOR5</i>, <i>CYP17A</i>, <i>CTSA</i>, and <i>RRM1</i>. It is hypothesized that these proteins may inhibit bacterial growth and multiplication by activating immune-related signaling pathways, inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, it was found that <i>LAAO</i> may be a key component of the antimicrobial action of Pm-Aps, killing bacteria by catalyzing the oxidation of amino acids to produce hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). <b>Conclusions:</b> These results strongly suggest that Pm-Aps is an effective antimicrobial protein, and it is expected that new <i>LAAO</i> can be obtained from Pm-Aps.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111102
Michael Abramowicz, Andrej Trampuz, Klaus-Dieter Kühn
{"title":"Tigecycline Containing Polymethylmethacrylate Cement Against MRSA, VRE, and ESBL-In Vitro Mechanical and Microbiological Investigations.","authors":"Michael Abramowicz, Andrej Trampuz, Klaus-Dieter Kühn","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111102","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) in arthroplasty has been well established for the prevention and treatment of infections. Tigecycline (Tig), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has shown efficacy against various pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant strains.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>ISO and DIN mechanical and microbiological inhibition zone tests were performed on PMMA cement with manually added Tigecycline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Manually adding 0.5 and 1.0 g Tigecycline to PMMA always meets the mechanical requirements of ISO and DIN standards. Mixtures containing 0.5 g were microbiologically effective for up to 7 days and those containing 1.0 g were effective for 28-42 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In revision surgery, manually adding Tigecycline in doses of 0.5-1 g to 40 g of PMMA is effective against MRSA, VRE, and ESBL without negatively affecting the cement's properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics-BaselPub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13111098
Pavlína Navrátilová, Lenka Vorlová, Sandra Dluhošová, Klára Bartáková, Oto Hanuš, Eva Samková
{"title":"Screening Methods for Antimicrobial Residues in the Dairy Chain-The Past and the Present.","authors":"Pavlína Navrátilová, Lenka Vorlová, Sandra Dluhošová, Klára Bartáková, Oto Hanuš, Eva Samková","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111098","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics13111098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of residues of antimicrobial substances in milk has been an important hygienic and technological parameter of raw milk quality since the 1960s. The presented review focuses on screening methods (microbiological inhibition methods and rapid specific tests) that are used in the control of antimicrobial residues in milk in the context of their historical development up to the present. We briefly explain the principles of the methods and discuss their pros and cons. The aim was to provide both the historical perspective on this topic and provide useful information on screening methods that are currently routinely used for the detection of residues of antimicrobials at farms, in the dairy industry, and in milk quality control laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}