Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Eravacycline in Epithelial Lining Fluid: Application to a Prospective Pulmonary Distribution Study in HAP/VAP Patients.","authors":"Jingjing He, Jingjing Lin, Xin Li, Nanyang Li, Jianguang Su, Jufang Wu, Jin Hu, Jing Zhang, Xiaofen Liu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090957","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Eravacycline exhibits potent activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens and holds promise for the management of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP). However, sensitive and robust bioanalytical methods to quantify eravacycline in human pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) for pharmacokinetic (PK) and pulmonary penetration studies in these infections remain limited. <b>Methodology</b>: A simple, rapid, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of eravacycline in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Using urea as a volume normalizer, ELF concentrations were calculated from the eravacycline concentrations in BALF. This method was applied in a clinical study evaluating the pulmonary penetration after intravenous infusion in patients with HAP and VAP. <b>Results</b>: The developed LC-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity in the range of 1-200 ng/mL for quantifying eravacycline in BALF. In BALF, intra-day precision ranged from 1.4% to 6.0%, and inter-day precision from 1.6% to 9.9%, with accuracy between 98.0% and 102.4%. Matrix effects were within 97.4% to 107.6% for BALF samples from six different individuals, with extraction recoveries ranging from 103.5% to 107.2%. Stability studies demonstrated that eravacycline remained stable under various conditions, including storage at room temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, long-term (-70 °C) storage, and post-treatment handling. The method was successfully applied to clinical samples from four HAP or VAP patients, with measured eravacycline pulmonary penetration ratios of 4.29, 17.40, 5.22 and 4.70, indicating efficient pulmonary distribution. The measured eravacycline concentrations ranged from 0.0243 to 0.0436 μg/mL in BALF. The corresponding urea-corrected ELF concentrations ranged from 0.570 to 1.617 μg/mL. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study described a detailed and validated method for quantifying eravacycline concentrations in ELF from patients, providing a reliable analytical approach for investigating the pulmonary distribution of eravacycline.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retargeting Gram-Positive-Only Adarotene-Derived Antibacterials to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.","authors":"Salvatore Princiotto, Luigi Cutarella, Alessandra Fortuna, Marta Mellini, Bruno Casciaro, Maria Rosa Loffredo, Alvaro G Temprano, Floriana Cappiello, Livia Leoni, Maria Luisa Mangoni, Mattia Mori, Loana Musso, Francesca Sacchi, Cecilia Pinna, Giordano Rampioni, Sabrina Dallavalle, Claudio Pisano","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090956","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to rise globally, posing a significant public health challenge and incurring substantial social and economic burdens. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published a list of priority pathogens for which effective treatment options are critically limited. Several antibiotics are categorized as Gram-positive-only (GPO) agents due to their lack of activity against Gram-negative species. Although these compounds often target conserved bacterial processes, their limited spectrum is largely attributed to poor penetration of the Gram-negative outer membrane (OM). <b>Results</b>: In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of adarotene-derived compounds to evaluate the impact of introducing positively charged groups on their interaction with the Gram-negative OM. One of the newly synthesized derivatives, <b>SPL 207</b>, displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8 to 64 µM against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ability of <b>SPL207</b> to disrupt outer and inner membrane permeability was evaluated using fluorescence assays and confocal microscopy, revealing that the compound compromises membrane integrity across all tested Gram-negative bacteria. Strong synergistic activity was observed in combination with colistin against three <i>P. aeruginosa</i> colistin-resistant strains. Atomistic details of membrane interference were elucidated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with <b>SPL207</b> clearly acting as a membrane destabilizer by enhancing Ca²⁺ ions diffusion and lipids destabilization. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although the observed MIC values remain above clinically acceptable thresholds, these findings provide a promising proof of concept. The further structural optimization of adarotene derivatives may yield novel broad-spectrum agents with improved antimicrobial potency against MDR pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl Exhibiting Abnormally Slow Fluoroquinolone Metabolism in Jiangxi, China.","authors":"Li Zhang, Mengjun Ye, Yifan Dong, Lijuan Yuan, Jianjun Xiang, Xiren Yu, Qiegen Liao, Qiushuang Ai, Suyan Qiu, Dawen Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090955","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl (TBSF) is a unique indigenous chicken breed in China, characterized by widespread melanin deposition throughout its body. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) such as enrofloxacin can persist in TBSF for an extended period exceeding 100 days. The aim of this study was to examine the current status and development trends of FQ resistance within the TBSF breeding environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing was utilized to identify the molecular presence of quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates obtained from TBSF farms. Network inference based on strong Spearman correlations (ρ > 0.5) and statistically significant associations (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05) was applied to investigate the co-occurrence patterns among FQ residues, resistance phenotypes, and antibiotic resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that FQ residues were identified as the primary contributor to FQ resistance in <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Mutations at QRDR sites were the predominant factor driving FQ resistance, rather than PMQR determinants. This study also reported the first identification of GyrA-S83Q mutation being associated with FQ resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that <i>E. coli</i> strains in TBSF environments, where chickens have a long-term residual metabolic cycle of antimicrobials, may develop and evolve new mechanisms to adapt to this environment. Further research is warranted to investigate the evolution of FQ resistance in <i>E. coli</i> strains within TBSF environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Infections After Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis: The Surgeon's Checklist.","authors":"Martina Leandri, Carlo Vallicelli, Giorgia Santandrea, Daniele Perrina, Francesca Bravi, Massimo Sartelli, Federico Coccolini, Luca Ansaloni, Vanni Agnoletti, Fausto Catena","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090954","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical emergencies, with a lifetime incidence of approximately 7-8% in the USA and Europe. Despite the widespread adoption of the laparoscopic approach and advances made in perioperative care, post-operative infections-particularly intra-abdominal abscesses-continue to pose a substantial clinical challenge, with an overall probability that ranges from 5 to 15%. Nowadays, it is essential not only to improve patient outcomes by reducing these complications but also to promote responsible antibiotic use. This review provides an in-depth examination of post-appendectomy infections in adults, synthesizing research from the past decade. It explores the various risks involved, including those related to the patient, the disease itself, and the surgical techniques employed. There is particular emphasis on the impact of surgical approach, closure methods, timing of surgery, and intraoperative decisions such as drain placement, peritoneal lavage, and routine bacterial cultures. Part of the discussion is about emerging data regarding the use of antiseptic solutions and specimen retrieval techniques. Additionally, the review examines current approaches to managing postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses. It assesses when antibiotics are necessary, evaluates image-guided percutaneous drainage, and considers laparoscopic re-intervention as a possible solution. While recent studies offer valuable insights, the heterogeneity of available evidence highlights the pressing need for high-quality, standardized research. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of infection pathways and preventative strategies is vital-not only for reducing morbidity and hospital readmissions, but also for safeguarding the long-term efficacy of antibiotics and delivering safer, more effective surgical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide Burden of Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes in Brazilian Clinical <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Carolynne Silva Dos Santos, Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva, Pabllo Antonny Silva Dos Santos, Emilly Victória Correia de Miranda, Ana Beatriz Tavares Duarte, Caio Augusto Martins Aires, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima, Danielle Murici Brasiliense, Cintya de Oliveira Souza, Karla Valéria Batista Lima, Yan Corrêa Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090951","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Class B carbapenemases confer high-level resistance to carbapenems in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. In Brazil, data on the national burden and geographic distribution of these genes among clinical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates are sporadic. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of MβL genes in Brazilian clinical <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. <b>Methods</b>: We searched SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and LILACS for original studies published between 2006 and 2024 reporting molecular detection of MβL in clinical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from Brazil. Articles were independently screened, along with the extracted data and appraised study quality using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of MβL producers and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. <b>Results</b>: Fifteen studies including 3.533 clinical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates met inclusion criteria. Overall, 402 isolates (11.4%) harbored MβL genes, yielding a pooled prevalence of 44.6%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated highest prevalence in the Southeast. <i>bla</i>_NDM was the dominant variant (present in 14/15 studies), with <i>bla</i>_VIM and <i>bla</i>_IMP rarely detected. Meta-regression revealed an inverse association between sample size and reported prevalence, and no significant publication bias was observed. <b>Conclusions</b>: MβLs, particularly NDM, are widespread in Brazilian clinical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> but show marked regional heterogeneity driven by differences in study design, laboratory capacity, and outbreak dynamics. Urgent expansion of standardized and multicenter molecular surveillance, including allele-specific detection, and strengthened laboratory infrastructure are needed and may inform targeted infection-control and antimicrobial-stewardship interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights in <i>bla</i>_KPC Gene Mobilization in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: Acquisition of <i>bla</i>_KPC-3 and Identification of a New Tn<i>2</i>-like NTE Mobilizing <i>bla</i>_KPC-2.","authors":"Deisy Abril, Juan Bravo-Ojeda, Julio-Cesar Garcia, Aura Lucia Leal-Castro, Carlos Humberto Saavedra-Trujillo, Johana Madroñero, Rosa-Helena Bustos, Ricaurte Alejandro Marquez-Ortiz, Zayda Lorena Corredor Rozo, Natasha Vanegas Gómez, Javier Escobar-Pérez","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090947","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a major cause of healthcare associated infections in hospitalized patients and what is more warring with reduced therapeutic options. The KPC is a powerful enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the carbapenems, described first in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and it already has found in <i>P. aeruginosa.</i><b>Objective</b>: To perform a comparative genomic analysis of two new genetic platforms mobilizing the <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 and <i>bla</i>_KPC-3 in two ST111 and ST235 pandemic clones of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in Colombia, South America. <b>Methods</b>: Sixty-six <i>bla</i>_KPC-harboring <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates were identified and characterized during a prospective study conducted in six high complex hospitals in Colombia. Genetic platforms mobilizing the <i>bla</i>_KPC were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: The <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 and <i>bla</i>_KPC-3 were identified in 24 and 42 isolates, respectively. The <i>bla</i>_KPC-2-harboring isolates belonged to ST235 and <i>bla</i>_KPC-3 to ST111. The whole genome sequencing indicated that the <i>bla</i>_KPC-3 gene was mobilized by the Tn<i>4401b</i> within a 55-kb-size environmental origin plasmid, which, in other isolates, was inserted into the chromosome through a transposition event of IS<i>Pa38</i>. Regarding the <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 gene, this was mobilized by a new Non-Tn<i>4401</i> Element (NTE) derived from transposon Tn<i>2</i> (proposed as variant IIg), which has been transposed into a 43-Kb-size little-studied plasmid related to <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results reveal a new acquisition event of <i>bla</i>_KPC in <i>P. aeruginosa,</i> in this case <i>bla</i>_KPC-3. Likewise, the pandemic high-risk clones ST111 and ST235 of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> continues to spread <i>bla</i>_KPC gene through different mobile genetic elements, jumping of conventional Tn<i>4401b</i> and acquiring new Tn<i>2</i>-derived NTE, which were inserted in diverse plasmids.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal Fluopsin C: Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Activity In Vitro and over In Vivo MDR <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Bacteremia Model.","authors":"Mickely Liuti Dealis Gomes, Leandro Afonso, Kawany Roque Basso, Leonardo Cruz Alves, Enri Josué Navia Macías, Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta, Ana Carolina Guidi, João Carlos Palazzo de Mello, Fábio Goulart Andrade, Luís Fernando Cabeça, Martha Viviana Torres Cely, Galdino Andrade","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090948","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern, and few new antimicrobials are currently being developed. Fluopsin C has proven broad-spectrum activity, being a promising candidate for new antimicrobial development. To optimize antimicrobial activity, this research aimed at fluopsin C (Flp) encapsulation in liposomes to achieve controlled release and reduce cytotoxicity. <b>Methods:</b> Liposomal formulations were prepared by extruding formulations based on soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) or poly (ethylene glycol)-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG) plus cholesterol, and were characterized by their size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, shelf-life stability, in vitro release profile, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in vitro and in vivo. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that the DSPE-PEG DMSO+Flp formulation presented superior physicochemical stability and unaltered antimicrobial activity. In vitro, CC₅₀ decreased by 54%. No lethal dose was obtained in mice within the concentration range tested. The most effective doses in vivo were 2 × 2 mg/kg for free fluopsin C and 1 × 2 mg/kg for DSPE-PEG DMSO+Flp, resulting in a 40% reduction in mortality from bacteremia. Only discrete inflammatory infiltration was detected in the liver, while kidney necrosis ranged from discrete to moderate. Encapsulation of fluopsin C in liposomes showed promising features supporting to use against infections by MDR <i>K. pneumoniae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Use in Horses: Analysis of 57 German Veterinary Practices (2018-2023).","authors":"Roswitha Merle, Leonie Feuer, Katharina Frenzer, Jan-Lukas Plenio, Astrid Bethe, Nunzio Sarnino, Antina Lübke-Becker, Wolfgang Bäumer","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090953","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: A mandatory monitoring of the use of antibiotics in horses in the European Union will come into force from 2029 on. The aim of the study was to explore the potential implementation of a monitoring system and to provide an overview of antibiotic use in horses in Germany. <b>Methods</b>: Data on all consultations from 57 German practices between 2018 and 2023 were obtained. The dataset included basic data about the horse, free-text diagnoses (allocated to one of 20 categories), and treatments. Information on the administered or dispensed pharmaceutical product was recorded for antibiotic treatment consultations. <b>Results</b>: This study analyzed 225,622 consultations with more than 50,000 horses. Antibiotics were administered in around 7% of consultations, but practice-specific rates varied considerably. Treatment was most frequent in ophthalmology cases. The most commonly used drug classes were sulfonamides combined with trimethoprim and aminopenicillins. Horses receiving antibiotics required follow-up visits more often than untreated animals, and changes in antibiotic substance occurred occasionally. <b>Conclusions</b>: Routine practice data provide valuable insights into antibiotic use in equine medicine. While incomplete entries and imprecise details (e.g., missing concentrations or diagnoses) remain a limitation, the approach offers clear advantages: it is cost-effective, allows large-scale data collection, and supports continuous monitoring over time. Such systems can be used to evaluate the effects of upcoming EU regulations and to identify priorities for antibiotic stewardship in equine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Clostridioides</i> (<i>Clostridium</i>) <i>difficile</i> in Cambodia.","authors":"Lengsea Eng, Papanin Putsathit, Su-Chen Lim, Jessica M Chisholm, Deirdre A Collins, Archie C A Clements, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Thomas V Riley","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090950","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major topic of interest in infectious disease management. We studied AMR in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> isolated in Cambodia. <b>Methods:</b> Agar dilution susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobials for 192 isolates of <i>C. difficile</i> from four populations in Cambodia: hospitalised adults, hospitalised children, children from an outpatient department (OPD), and healthy adolescents in the community. <b>Results:</b> Using the CLSI MIC breakpoints for anaerobes and EUCAST breakpoints for <i>C. difficile</i>, all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, metronidazole, fidaxomicin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and none were resistant to meropenem. The resistance proportions were for clindamycin, 88% (169/192); tetracycline, 50% (96/192); moxifloxacin, 20% (38/192); and rifaximin, 8% (15/192). Among the 169 clindamycin-resistant isolates, 56.8% (96/169) had an erythromycin MIC of >512 mg/L. Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurred in 20% (39/192) of the isolates, of which 82% (32/39) were non-toxigenic strains. The proportion of MDR varied between collections of isolates from different populations: 28.6% (22/77) in hospitalised adults, 29.8% (14/47) in hospitalised children, 5% (3/59) in OPD children, and none (00/07) in healthy adolescents in the community. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>C. difficile</i> isolates from Cambodia remained susceptible to antimicrobials used to treat <i>C. difficile</i> infection: vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin; however, high proportions of resistance to clindamycin and tetracycline were observed. The high number of MDR strains of <i>C. difficile</i> is a threat to AMR management in Cambodia and a factor contributing to the persistent spread of <i>C. difficile</i> in both hospital and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Phages: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Tackle Prosthetic Joint Infections.","authors":"Nicita Mehta, Andrew T Nguyen, Edward K Rodriguez, Jason Young","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090949","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges for clinical treatment of infections for multiple reasons, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and poor efficacy against biofilms, demanding research into alternative therapeutic agents. Because of their unique antimicrobial mechanisms as well as their target specificity, diversity, exponential self-amplification, and anti-biofilm activity, combined with recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology, bacteriophages have attracted increased interest as potential alternatives or therapeutic adjuncts to antibiotics. However, obstacles such as phage-host specificity, bacterial resistance, and the selection of optimal phages, amongst other factors, impede clinical adoption of phage therapy. Here, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) tools have the opportunity to revolutionize phage therapy by enhancing scalability, efficiency and precision of these therapies. This article highlights potential key applications of ML/AI in the study, development and deployment of phage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}