Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Antibiotics on the Nervous System: Importance for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care.","authors":"Paweł Radkowski, Julia Oszytko, Kamil Sobolewski, Florian Trachte, Dariusz Onichimowski, Marta Majewska","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060622","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the high prevalence of severe infections, antibiotics are frequently administered in anaesthesia and intensive care units. Despite their therapeutic efficacy, several antibiotics exhibit neurotoxic potential, resulting in central and peripheral neurological complications in patients. This review aims to summarise the current evidence on antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity, particularly in critical care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature analysis was performed to assess the neurotoxic profiles, underlying mechanisms, and clinical manifestations associated with different antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Beta-lactam antibiotics (especially cephalosporins and carbapenems) are strongly associated with seizures, encephalopathy, and EEG abnormalities, mainly through GABAergic inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides can cause psychosis, insomnia, and neuropathy via NMDA activation and oxidative stress. Linezolid carries the risk of serotonin syndrome and optic neuropathy, while glycopeptides and aminoglycosides are primarily associated with ototoxicity. Risk factors include advanced age, renal or hepatic impairment, and high serum drug levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The neurotoxic potential of antibiotics is a critical but under-recognised aspect of pharmacotherapy in intensive care. Improved awareness, pharmacovigilance, dose adjustment, and drug monitoring are crucial for mitigating adverse neurological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Elliot Enshaie, Sankalp Nigam, Shaan Patel, Vikrant Rai","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060621","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Antibiotic resistance or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a growing global concern that threatens both human and animal health. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock production have led to an increased propensity for the development of AMR bacterial strains in animals, which can be spread to humans through the consumption of contaminated animal products, direct contact, or environmental exposure. This review aims to summarize the development and transmission of AMR in livestock, explore its underlying mechanisms and impact on human and animal health, and discuss current practices and potential strategies for mitigation and prevention. <b>Methods</b>: For this narrative review, we searched articles on PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms antibiotic resistance, livestock, and environment, alone or in combination. <b>Results</b>: The history of antibiotic use in livestock and its link to increased AMR, along with the involved mechanisms, including the enzymatic breakdown of antibiotics, alterations in bacterial targets, horizontal gene transfer, and efflux pumps, are important. Antibiotics in livestock are used for growth promotion, disease prevention and control, and metaphylactic use. The role of livestock and the environment as reservoirs for resistant pathogens, their impact on human health, chronic infections, allergic reactions, toxicity, and the development of untreatable diseases is important to understand AMR. <b>Conclusions</b>: Given the widespread use of antibiotics and the potential consequences of AMR, collaborative global efforts, increased public awareness, coordinated regulations, and advancements in biological technology are required to mitigate the threat AMR poses to human and animal health. Regulatory solutions and the development of new therapeutic alternatives like antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophage therapy, and preventive measures such as DNA and mRNA vaccines, are future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> via Synergistic Interactions Between <i>Thymbra capitata</i> L. (Cav.) Essential Oil and Conventional Antibiotics.","authors":"Francesca Maggio, Francesco Buccioni, Stefania Garzoli, Antonello Paparella, Annalisa Serio","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060623","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, contributing to foodborne infections and diminishing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. In the quest for alternative strategies to mitigate resistance, this study has assessed the potential of <i>T. capitata</i> L. (Cav.) essential oil (TEO) to boost the antibiotic efficacy on <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains of different origins were tested with TEO alone and in combination with gentamicin, ampicillin, and penicillin G. Moreover, the cells were exposed to sublethal concentrations of TEO for 1 h to evaluate the effects on the antibiotic effectiveness. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory (MICs) and Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs), while potential interactions were evaluated using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index and by studying the cell growth dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEO demonstrated inhibitory activity against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, both alone, in pre-exposure, and in combination with antibiotics, causing up to a seven-fold reduction in MIC and MBC values (from 8 to 1 µg/mL) and restoring susceptibility to the antimicrobial treatments. Positive interactions between TEO and antibiotics were observed, particularly for clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TEO could be a promising antibiotic adjuvant in antimicrobial treatments, offering a natural and effective strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy and to counteract resistance in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia Management Recommendations Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prognostic Implications.","authors":"Elizabeth Lorenzo-Hernández, Francisco Rivas-Ruiz, Jorge Fernández-Casañas, Vanesa Puerto-Romero, Maria Dolores Martín-Escalante, Alfonso Del Arco-Jiménez","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060615","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This work aims to assess the evolution in the management of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteremia (SAB) and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on it. SAB is associated with high morbidity and mortality, requiring structured management strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in hospital workflows, potentially affecting the quality of SAB care. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective per-protocol analysis of SAB episodes at Costa del Sol University Hospital (Marbella, Spain) across three periods: pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic. Patients with early mortality or early transfer were excluded. Clinical variables, adherence to recommended management bundles, and outcomes were compared. Demographic characteristics were similar across the analyzed periods. <b>Results:</b> The incidence of SAB increased over time, with a notable rise post-pandemic. Key management indicators such as the identification of infection source and appropriate antibiotic therapy showed adherence rates of above 90%, while echocardiography exhibited an adherence rate of above 75% throughout the study. Adherence to the full management bundle was suboptimal, with no significant differences between periods. However, an appropriate treatment duration significantly improved in the post-pandemic group (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Mortality at 14 and 30 days was highest during the pandemic period (10.3% and 17.6%, respectively), although differences were not statistically significant. Complications and mortality were more frequent in patients with complete adherence to the bundle (<i>p</i> = 0.031). <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite stable or improved adherence to certain SAB management measures during the pandemic, mortality and complication rates did not significantly decrease, likely reflecting increased patient severity or healthcare system overload. These findings highlight the need for sustained, multidisciplinary, bedside-based approaches to SAB care, even during public health emergencies. Further research is needed to explore modifiable factors and enhance adherence to evidence-based recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Daptomycin to Manage Severe MRSA Infections in Humans.","authors":"Marco Fiore, Aniello Alfieri, Daniela Fiore, Pasquale Iuliano, Francesco Giuseppe Spatola, Andrea Limone, Ilaria Pezone, Sebastiano Leone","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060617","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) represents a major therapeutic challenge due to its multidrug-resistance and the associated clinical burden. Daptomycin (DAP), a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, has become a key agent for the treatment of severe MRSA infections owing to its rapid bactericidal activity and favourable safety profile. In this narrative review, we examine studies published between 2010 and April 2025. The data suggest that treatment with high-dose (8-10 mg kg⁻¹) DAP shortened the time to blood-culture sterilisation by a median of 2 days compared with standard-dose vancomycin without increasing toxicity when model-informed area-under-the-curve monitoring was employed. Particular attention is given to the synergistic effects of DAP combined with fosfomycin or β-lactams, especially ceftaroline and ceftobiprole, in overcoming persistent and refractory MRSA infections; this approach results in a reduction in microbiological failure relative to monotherapy. Resistance remains uncommon (<2% of isolates), but recurrent mutations in <i>mprF</i>, <i>liaFSR</i>, and <i>walK</i> underscore the need for proactive genomic surveillance. Despite promising preclinical and clinical evidence supporting combination strategies, further randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish their definitive role in clinical practice, as are head-to-head cost-effectiveness evaluations. DAP remains a critical option in the evolving landscape of MRSA management, provided its use is integrated with precision dosing, resistance surveillance, and antimicrobial-stewardship frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxacillin-Supplemented Mueller-Hinton Agar for In Vitro Inhibition of Ambler Class C β-Lactamases in Enterobacterales.","authors":"Edgar-Costin Chelaru, Andrei-Alexandru Muntean, Mădălina-Maria Muntean, Mihai-Octav Hogea, Costin-Ștefan Caracoti, Bogdan-Florin Ciomaga, Thierry Naas, Mircea Ioan Popa","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060616","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The increasing incidence of infection with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) producing broad-spectrum β-lactamases, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), cephalosporinases (AmpCs), and carbapenemases, has become a great clinical concern. AmpCs are found in many clinically relevant Enterobacterales, where they may compromise the effectiveness of most β-lactams, including carbapenems when associated with an impaired outer membrane. Detection and distinction between these resistance mechanisms are crucial for antimicrobial therapy and for implementation of proper infection control procedures to prevent further spread. <b>Methods</b>: The disk diffusion antibiogram using Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) supplemented with cloxacillin (MHC), which inhibits AmpCs, was validated to identify AmpC-producing Enterobacterales (AmpC-PE). As cloxacillin is not available in several countries, we investigated the use of oxacillin as an alternative compound to inhibit AmpCs. The ability of MHA supplemented with oxacillin (MHO) to distinguish between carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs) due to AmpC hyperproduction and the presence of a carbapenemase has particularly been investigated. <b>Results</b>: MHOs containing several concentrations of oxacillin were compared to MHA and MHC containing 250 mg/L cloxacillin (MHC250). A set of well-characterized Enterobacterales with different β-lactam resistance mechanisms were evaluated. MHO containing 300 mg/L of oxacillin (MHO300) gave similar results to MHC250. <b>Conclusions</b>: The use of MHO300 proved to be efficient in inhibiting AmpCs, allowing differentiation between AmpC hyperproducers and carbapenemase producers. In addition, the use of MHO300 allowed detection of resistance mechanisms hidden by AmpCs, such as ESBLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use in Benin Hospitals: The Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.","authors":"Sarah Delfosse, Carine Laurence Yehouenou, Angèle Dohou, Dessièdé Ariane Fiogbe, Olivia Dalleur","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060618","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health concern worldwide, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries with few antimicrobial stewardship programs and few laboratories equipped for diagnosis. <b>Methods:</b> As point-prevalence surveys (PPSs) are a well-known tool for assessing antimicrobial use, we adjusted standardized Global-PPS for use in two hospitals in Benin and included an analysis based on the 2021 WHO AWaRe classification. <b>Results:</b> Of the 450 patients enrolled, 148 received antimicrobials (AMs) (overall prevalence 32.9%), most of them orally (54.2%). Both hospitals had a high rate of Access and Watch antibiotics use, and both prescribed mainly metronidazole. In four prescriptions, hospital A used a non-recommended association of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone + sulbactam and ofloxacin + ornidazole. While hospital A prescribed predominantly amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (19/92; 21%) and ceftriaxone (14/92; 15%), hospital B prescribed ampicillin (24/120; 20%) and cefuroxime (14/120; n = 12%). In hospital B, surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) was suboptimal. While there were no single-dose prophylaxis prescriptions, all one-day prophylaxis (SP2) involved ampicillin for cesarean sections. In patients in intensive care units, prolonged prophylaxis (>1 day, SP3) accounted for all postoperative prescriptions. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight the critical need for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs, expanding diagnostic laboratory capacity to minimize empirical prescribing, and strengthening medical student training to ensure quality and rational antibiotic use, thereby addressing the growing challenge of resistance in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report in the Americas of <i>S. enterica</i> Var. Enteritidis Carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 in a Putatively New Sub-Lineage of IncC2 Plasmids.","authors":"Nicolás F Cordeiro, Romina Papa-Ezdra, Germán Traglia, Inés Bado, Virginia García-Fulgueiras, María N Cortinas, Leticia Caiata, Mariana López-Vega, Ana Otero, Martín López, Patricia Hitateguy, Cristina Mogdasy, Rafael Vignoli","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060620","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales have steadily multiplied over time, becoming a major threat to healthcare systems due to limited therapeutic options and high case-fatality rates.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We studied a patient who, after being discharged from an ICU, developed salmonellosis caused by an antibiotic-susceptible <i>S. enteritidis</i>. After undergoing treatment with ciprofloxacin, the patient presented an episode of asymptomatic bacteriuria originated by a carbapenem and ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>S. enteritidis</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that both <i>Salmonella</i> isolates belonged to the same strain, and that isolate SEn_T2 acquired a plasmid carrying both <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 and <i>qnrA1</i> genes (pIncCSEn) which was previously present in the patient's gut in at least one <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> isolate. Additionally, pIncCSEN was identified as a putatively new sub-lineage of IncC2 plasmids which lacked the first copy of the methyltransferase gene <i>dcm</i> and the <i>rhs</i> gene. The resistance genes <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 and <i>qnrA1</i> were incorporated into a Tn<i>21</i>-derived transposon that included a complex class 1 integron whose genetic arrangement was: <i>intI1</i>- <i>dfrA12</i>- <i>orfF</i>- <i>aadA2</i>- <i>qacEΔ1</i>-<i>sul1</i>-IS<i>CR1</i>- <i>trpF</i>- <i>ble</i>- <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 (in reverse direction)- IS<i>Aba125</i>-IS<i>CR1</i>- <i>qnrA</i>- <i>cmlA1</i>- <i>qacEΔ1</i>-<i>sul1</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antimicrobial persistence and co-selection of antibiotic resistance play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes; in this regard, a joint effort involving the infection control team, effective antibiotic stewardship, and genomic surveillance could help mitigate the spread of these multidrug resistant microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Potential of Metal-Organic Compounds ZIF-8 and F300 in a Membrane Filtration-Adsorption Process for the Removal of Antibiotics from Water.","authors":"Daniel Polak, Szymon Kamocki, Maciej Szwast","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060619","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Antibiotic contamination in water sources is a growing global concern, contributing to environmental degradation and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance. Traditional treatment methods, such as advanced oxidation or high-pressure membrane processes, are often energy-intensive and economically unsustainable for large-scale or decentralized applications. This study explores the potential of two cost-effective, commercially available metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), ZIF-8 and F300, to improve the performance of membrane-based filtration-adsorption systems for removing tetracycline and sulfadiazine from water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the uptake capacities, kinetics, and isotherms of both MOFs toward the selected antibiotics. The membranes were modified using a low-cost silane-assisted deposition of MOF particles and tested in a microfiltration system. Removal efficiencies and water permeability were assessed and kinetic and isotherm models were applied to understand the adsorption mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZIF-8 showed superior adsorption performance, with maximum capacities of 442.2 mg/g for tetracycline and 219.3 mg/g for sulfadiazine. F300 was effective only for tetracycline. Membranes modified with ZIF-8 improved pharmaceutical removal by 187% (tetracycline) and 224% (sulfadiazine) compared to unmodified membranes. Although permeability decreased due to increased hydrophobicity, the materials and processes remained economically favorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that MOF-modified ceramic membranes, particularly those incorporating ZIF-8, offer a low-cost, scalable, and energy-efficient alternative for pharmaceutical removal from water. The approach combines strong environmental impact with economic viability, making it attractive for broader implementation in water treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Between Iron Metabolism and the Endocannabinoid System in Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Kayle Brenna Dickson, Juan Zhou, Christian Lehmann","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060614","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron is a key nutritional requirement for a variety of physiological functions, and its metabolism is tightly controlled under homeostatic conditions. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents an additional physiological system with a key role in maintaining homeostasis that is known for its role in modulating immune responses. Recent research has highlighted intriguing interactions between these systems, including the suppression of iron uptake by the ECS and alterations to the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction. These interactions are particularly interesting in the context of bacterial infections. As iron is a vital nutrient for bacteria, modulating iron levels using the ECS may be able to control bacterial growth. This review aims to explore the current understanding of how the ECS affects iron homeostasis and its implications for bacterial pathogenesis. In this study, we provide an overview of both iron metabolism and the ECS, focusing on harnessing these systems to develop novel therapeutic strategies to modulate iron metabolism in bacterial infections. By elucidating these complex interactions, we hope to provide new insights into the development of novel treatments for bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}