Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Children in the Settings of Neurosurgery, Otorhinolaryngology, and Orthopedics.","authors":"Dimitra Dimopoulou, Athina Tsakali, Maria M Berikopoulou, Anastasia Dimopoulou, Vasiliki Kamposou, Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Christos-Sotiris Papadakis, Vasileios Tokis, Konstantina Pouli, Georgios Bozonelos, John Anastasopoulos, Konstantinos Antonis, Nektarios Papapetropoulos, Athanasios Michos","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: Data about compliance with perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) guidelines in the pediatric population are limited. This study aims to evaluate PAP adherence in pediatric surgical subspecialty departments. <b>Methods</b>: A prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2023 to October 2024 at \"Aghia Sophia\" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Children <16 years old undergoing surgical procedures in the neurosurgery (NS), orthopedics (OP), and otolaryngology (ORL) departments were included. Data on demographics, surgical characteristics, and PAP practices (timing, agent, duration, and redosing) were collected and compliance with the international guidelines was evaluated. <b>Results</b>: A total of 301 children were included, with a median age (IQR) of 7 (8) years. PAP was received by 249/301 (82.7%) children (100% in the OP and NS, and 48% in the ORL). However, indications for PAP had 50.8% of children: 102/103 (99%) in the NS, 47/98 (47.9%) in the OP, and 4/48 (8.3%) in the ORL. Most children received broad-spectrum or combination of antimicrobials and/or antibiotics for longer duration. Appropriate PAP according to the guidelines was administered in 0% children in NS, 2% in OP, and 2.1% in ORL. Multivariable analysis in the ORL regarding the use of PAP revealed that shorter procedures (≤60 min; OR: 22.9, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and clean wounds (OR: 33.4, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were significantly associated with not using PAP. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights gaps in the PAP guideline adherence in pediatric surgical departments, and the need for educational interventions to improve compliance and reduce antimicrobial use. Based on these findings, we plan to implement an educational intervention in order to optimize PAP practices in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Willow Herb (<i>Epilobium angustifolium</i> L. and <i>E. parviflorum</i> Schreb.) Crude and Purified Extracts and Oenothein B Against Prostatic Pathogens.","authors":"Alexia Barbarossa, Antonio Rosato, Alessia Carocci, Sabrina Arpini, Stefania Bosisio, Luca Pagni, Diletta Piatti, Eleonora Spinozzi, Simone Angeloni, Gianni Sagratini, Gokhan Zengin, Marco Cespi, Filippo Maggi, Giovanni Caprioli","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Plants species of the <i>Epilobium</i> genus are traditionally used to treat prostatitis and other urinary tract disorders and are particularly rich in ellagitannins and flavonol 3-<i>O</i>-glycosides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of different extracts from <i>E. angustifolium</i> L. and <i>E. parviflorum</i> Schreb. and their major bioactive compound, oenothein B, against a panel of Gram-positive (<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> ATCC 29212, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> BS, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 43300) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922, <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 35218, <i>Escherichia coli</i> BS, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ATCC 13883, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ATCC 70063, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> BS, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> BS, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853) bacteria responsible for prostatitis. <b>Methods</b>: Aqueous and ethanolic raw extracts were prepared, and the latter were further purified using the resin Amberlite^TM XAD7HP. Then, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of the marker bioactives and their levels were correlated with the antimicrobial activity. <b>Results</b>: Purified extracts were richer in polyphenols (330.80 and 367.66 mg/g of dry extract for <i>E. angustifolium</i> and <i>E. parvifolium</i>, respectively) than the raw extracts. Oenothein B was the predominant compound in all the extracts (119.98 to 327.57 mg/g of dry extract). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of µg/mL indicated significant antibacterial activity, which was higher for the purified extracts and oenothein B (MIC values from 4 to 16 and 8 to 1024 µg/mL on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, respectively). <b>Conclusions</b>: These results outline the outstanding potential of <i>E. angustifolium</i> and <i>E. parviflorum</i> extracts and oenothein B as therapeutic alternatives or complementary agents to conventional antibiotic treatments of prostatitis and other urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Auranofin and Its Two Derivatives Bearing Naproxen and Acetylcysteine as Ligands Against Staphylococci.","authors":"Caterina Ferretti, Lorenzo Chiaverini, Noemi Poma, Andrea Dalli, Riccardo Di Leo, Laura Rindi, Alessandro Marrone, Iogann Tolbatov, Diego La Mendola, Arianna Tavanti, Tiziano Marzo, Mariagrazia Di Luca","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The ability of bacteria to form biofilms makes them more tolerant to traditional antibiotics. Given the lack of new antibiotic development, drug repurposing offers a strategy for discovering new treatments. Auranofin (AF), a gold-based compound indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, shows promising antibacterial activity. This study investigates the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of AF and its two derivatives in which the thiosugar ligand is replaced by acetylcysteine (AF-AcCys) or naproxen (AF-Napx), against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. <b>Methods</b>: AF was conjugated by transmetalation with either naproxen or acetylcysteine. Assessments of their stability in DMSO/H₂O and lipophilicity expressed as the LogP were performed. The antimicrobial activity of AF and its analogues were investigated by broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and versus biofilm to obtain the minimum bactericidal biofilm concentration (MBBC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). <b>Results</b>: AF derivatives were found to be stable in a DMSO/H₂O mixture for 48 h. AF-Napx showed a LogP = 1.25 ± 0.22, close to AF, while AF-AcCys had a LogP = -0.95. MIC values of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> were ranging from 2 µM to 0.25 µM, and ≤0.12 µM, respectively. Both AF and AF-Napx maintained efficacy against biofilm-embedded <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with AF-Napx demonstrating lower MBBC values for <i>S. epidermidis</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: AF, and especially its naproxen conjugate, holds potential as a therapeutic agent for treating biofilm-associated infections caused by <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i>, particularly in device-related infections where both infection and inflammation are present.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Influenza on Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department-An Observational Retrospective Study.","authors":"Elisa Roth, Marco Cattaneo, Yvonne Hollenstein, Maja Weisser, Stefano Bassetti, Sarah Tschudin Sutter, Roland Bingisser, Christian H Nickel, Adrian Egli","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) may result in unnecessary antibiotic treatment due to clinical exams' low sensitivity and specificity to differentiate viral from bacterial infections and costly diagnostic work-ups. Unnecessary antibiotic consumption drives antibiotic resistance. We explored whether a rapid influenza-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay reduced antibiotic use in an emergency room before the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational retrospective study of patients with RTI symptoms treated in the ER of the University Hospital Basel from September 2014 to June 2015. We evaluated the impact of rapid diagnostic results, such as an influenza-specific PCR, blood sample results, and radiological imaging, on antibiotic prescription rates. Patient-related confounding factors were included since a patient's clinical condition affects doctors' clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 607 patients with RTIs, tested with PCR for influenza A or B. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) of being treated with antibiotics was significantly reduced by more than two-thirds in patients with a positive influenza PCR result (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.59; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by tenfold (OR = 5.14; 95% CI, 3.34-8.12; <i>p</i> < 0.001) or suspected chest infection on a radiograph (OR = 5.81; 95% CI, 3.23-10.89; <i>p</i> < 0.001) increased the OR of antibiotic treatment by fivefold. The highest OR for antibiotic prescription was due to increased procalcitonin level by tenfold (OR = 10.13; 95% CI, 4.79-23.4; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides real-world evidence from a pre-COVID-19 ER setting of diagnostic tools used for RTI evaluation and their impact on antibiotic prescriptions. Rapid influenza-specific PCR results may affect the prescription rate of antibiotics but should be seen as part of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to guide clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant-Derived <i>S. aureus</i> Isolates Drive Strain-Specific Invasion Dynamics and Bioenergetic Alterations in Osteoblasts.","authors":"Lei Song, Lea-Sophie Schwinn, Juliane Barthel, Vanessa Ketter, Philipp Lechler, Uwe Linne, Ardawan J Rastan, Sebastian Vogt, Steffen Ruchholtz, Jürgen R J Paletta, Madeline Günther","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Implants are integral to modern orthopedic surgery. The outcomes are good, but infections remain a serious issue. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), along with <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, are predominant pathogens responsible for implant-associated infections, as conventional antibiotic treatments often fail due to biofilm formation or the pathogens' ability to invade cells and to persist intracellularly. <b>Objectives:</b> This study therefore focused on interactions of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from infected implants with MG63 and SaOS2 osteoblasts by investigating the adhesion, invasion, and the impact on the bioenergetics of osteoblasts. <b>Methods and Results:</b> We found that the ability of <i>S. aureus</i> to adhere to osteoblasts depends on the isolate and was not associated with a single gene or expression pattern of characteristic adhesion proteins, and further, was not correlated with invasion. However, analysis of invasion capabilities identified better invasion conditions for <i>S. aureus</i> isolates with the SaOS2 osteoblastic cells. Interestingly, metabolic activity of osteoblasts remained unaffected by <i>S. aureus</i> infection, indicating cell survival. In contrast, respiration assays revealed an altered mitochondrial bioenergetic turnover in infected cells. While basal as well as maximal respiration in MG63 osteoblasts were not influenced statistically by <i>S. aureus</i> infections, we found increased non-mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolytic activity in the osteoblasts, which was again, more pronounced in the SaOS2 osteoblastic cells. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings highlight the complexity of <i>S. aureus</i>-host interactions, where both the pathogen and the host cell contribute to intracellular persistence and survival, representing a major factor for therapeutic failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: A Systematic Review with Expert Opinion on the Use of Dalbavancin for In-Label and Off-Label Indications in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Désirée Caselli, Maurizio Aricò, Elio Castagnola, Milo Gatti","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this work was to perform a systematic review assessing the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of dalbavancin and the clinical use for in-label and off-label indications in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two authors independently searched the PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases and clinicaltrials.gov up to 20 November 2024, to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, PK studies, and case series/reports assessing dalbavancin PK/PD properties or the clinical use for both in-label and off-label indications in pediatric patients. Data were independently extracted by the two authors, and the quality of the included studies was independently assessed by means of specific tools according to study design. Clinical success was selected as the primary outcome. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing the retrieved data. Subgroup analysis according to PK/PD data, as well as in-label and off-label indications, was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening 206 articles, nine studies were included in the systematic review (one RCT, three PK studies, and five case series/reports; <i>n</i> = 267). Dalbavancin exposure was 30% lower in pediatric patients compared to adults. In acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), the overall clinical success of dalbavancin was 96.1-97.3% and 92.9% in RCT and case series, respectively. Bone and joint infections (60.7%) and central-line-associated bloodstream infections (14.3%) represented the most common dalbavancin off-label indications in pediatric patients. Overall, the clinical success for off-label indications was 92.9%. The rate of adverse events ranged from 7.1% to 10.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our systematic review summarized evidence concerning the PK/PD properties of dalbavancin and its use for in-label or off-label indications in pediatric patients. The available findings suggest that dalbavancin may be a valuable alternative for the management of ABSSSIs and/or off-label indications in pediatric patients according to efficacy and safety data, allowing for a potential minimized duration of hospital stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Oral Polymicrobial Biofilm Using Usnic Acid on the Surface of Titanium in the Artificial Saliva Media.","authors":"Nazia Tabassum, Fazlurrahman Khan, Geum-Jae Jeong, Do Kyung Oh, Young-Mog Kim","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Titanium dental implants, while highly successful, face challenges due to polymicrobial infections leading to peri-implantitis and implant failure. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces is the primary cause of these infections, with factors such as matrix production and cross-kingdom interactions contributing to the microbial accumulation of bacterial and fungal pathogens species. To combat this issue, naturally derived molecules have been reported to overcome the hurdle of antimicrobial resistance against the application of conventional antibiotics and antifungals. <b>Methods:</b> The present study aimed to employ the lichen-derived molecules, usnic acid (UA), to retard the development of biofilms of bacterial and fungal pathogens on the surface of titanium kept in the human artificial saliva (HAS) working as a growth-supporting, host-mimicking media. <b>Results:</b> The minimum inhibitory concentration of UA in HAS towards <i>Candida albicans</i> was >512 µg/mL, whereas against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, it was determined to be 512 µg/mL. Whereas, in the standard growth media, the MIC value of UA towards <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> were 8 and 16 µg/mL; however, against <i>C. albicans</i>, it was 512 µg/mL. UA synergistically enhanced the efficacy of the antibiotics toward bacterial pathogens and the efficacy of antifungals against <i>C. albicans</i>. The antibiofilm results depict the fact that in the HAS, UA significantly reduced both mono-species of <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i> and mixed-species biofilm of <i>C. albicans</i> with <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> on the surface of the titanium. <b>Conclusions:</b> The present study showed that UA is a promising natural drug that can control oral polymicrobial disease as a result of the application of dental implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage Therapy for Orthopaedic Infections: The First Three Cases from the United Kingdom.","authors":"Daniela I Munteanu, John Dunn, Gábor Apjok, Bálint Kintses, Johann Griselain, Griet Steurs, Christel Cochez, Sarah Djebara, Maya Merabishvili, Jean-Paul Pirnay, Vida Štilec, Matjaž Peterka, Emily A Simpson, Samantha Downie, Alasdair MacInnes, Graeme Nicol, Benedict Clift, Joshua D Jones","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has driven renewed interest in phage therapy, including the use of phages to treat chronic orthopaedic infections. <b>Methods</b>: Here, we present the results of the first three orthopaedic patients treated with phage therapy in the United Kingdom. <b>Results</b>: The first patient was treated in May 2023 and received phages active against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. At nine months follow-up, the patient's wound remained healed, the C-reactive protein normal and the patient was walking independently. The second patient received phages active against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>; the infection remained unresolved. The third patient received phages active against <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>; at six months follow-up, the patient was free of infection. Endotoxin was considered at least partially responsible for mild self-limiting adverse effects in two cases. <b>Conclusions</b>: These promising results hint at the potential for phage therapy to transform the care of chronic orthopaedic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Towards Antibiotic Use, Resistance, and Antimicrobial Stewardship Among Final-Year Medical and Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullah A Alshehri, Wael Y Khawagi","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global crisis leading to increased mortality and economic burden. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) promotes responsible antibiotic use and prescribing practices to combat ABR. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of final-year medical and pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia regarding antibiotic use, ABR, and AMS. <b>Methods</b>: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2024 using a 49-item questionnaire. The survey assessed knowledge of antibiotic use, ABR, and AMS using predefined scoring, while perceptions were evaluated with a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to explore associations between independent variables and outcomes. A logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with good knowledge, and results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). <b>Results:</b> Among 197 participants from 26 Saudi universities, pharmacy students comprised 73.1% of the sample. Good knowledge was observed in 44.7% for antibiotic use, 47.7% for ABR, and 52.8% for AMS. However, 28.4% lacked awareness of AMS, and 5.6% were unaware of ABR. Pharmacy students demonstrated significantly higher knowledge and confidence in AMS and antibiotic handling compared to medical students (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Higher knowledge was also associated with the university's region and prior education on resistance or AMS during college. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights significant gaps in knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use, ABR, and AMS among final-year medical and pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasize the need for targeted educational strategies, standardized curricula, and enhanced AMS training to better prepare future healthcare professionals to combat ABR effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A First Report on Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> O25 ST131 Dissemination in an Outpatient Population in Zagreb, Croatia.","authors":"Maja Anušić, Tatjana Marijan, Ana Mlinarić Džepina, Vladimira Tičić, Lucija Gršković, Jasmina Vraneš","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14020109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14020109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance of the <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 clonal lineage poses a significant therapeutic challenge worldwide, often involving resistance to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. This retrospective study compared the dissemination of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 isolated from the urine of outpatients at the largest Croatian clinical microbiology department across six years over two study periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 clonal lineage was detected via a rapid PCR method using <i>pabB</i> and <i>trpA</i> primers after positive agglutination with <i>E. coli</i> serogroup O25 antisera. ESBL phenotypes and antibiotic susceptibility were investigated according to EUCAST guidelines and breakpoint tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first period, there were a total of 45 isolates of <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131, among which 30 were isolates with proven ESBL production. In the second period, a total of 114 isolates of <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 were detected, among which 75 (65.8%) were ESBL-positive (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In ESBL-negative strains, the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype was characterized by simultaneous resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and fluoroquinolones (with an equal proportion of 3/15 isolates in the first period and 7/39 isolates in the second period, <i>p</i> > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of MDR detection across the two study periods (36/45 and 98/114, <i>p</i> > 0.05). This is the first detection of <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 in the outpatient population in Zagreb.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of detecting the <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST 131 clone across the two study periods. The high frequency of MDR phenotype among ESBL-negative isolates of <i>E. coli</i> O25 ST131 and an equally high proportion of MDR strains among ESBL producers in this clonal lineage, with the total detection of MDR isolates ≥ 80% in both study periods, are the reasons why this bacterial clone poses a public health threat and why further investigation into its metabolic and virulence characteristics is needed in order to estimate its spreading potential among the outpatient population in Zagreb.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}