Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> T144: A Hypervirulent Model Strain for Infection Models.","authors":"Changsi Mao, Yuan Liu, Meirong Song, Jianzhong Shen, Kui Zhu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) presents a major public health challenge due to its multidrug resistance and high virulence. Developing representative model strains is crucial for systematically assessing pathogenesis and antimicrobial therapies. <b>Methods</b>: The highly virulent MRSA strain T144, isolated from pigs, was characterized through whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Infection models were successfully established in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and mice to evaluate virulence. A mouse lung infection model was specifically developed to assess bacterial load dynamics, immune responses, and the efficacy of vancomycin treatment. <b>Results</b>: MRSA T144 demonstrated broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance and high mortality rates in both <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and mouse models. Whole-genome sequencing identified multiple virulence-associated genes, including hemolysins and enterotoxins. The concentration of 7 × 10⁸ CFUs was optimized for establishing the mouse lung infection model. In the mouse lung infection model, MRSA T144 demonstrated rapid bacterial proliferation within the first 24 h, followed by a slower growth rate. Significant changes in immune markers were observed, with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17a, TNF-α) and decreased IL-10 levels. Vancomycin treatment significantly improved survival rates and reduced bacterial load, confirming the model's utility for antimicrobial efficacy studies. <b>Conclusions</b>: The successful establishment of MRSA T144 infection models provides a robust platform for investigating bacterial dynamics, immune responses, and antimicrobial efficacy against highly virulent MRSA strains. These findings highlight the potential of MRSA T144 as a valuable model for developing novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study on Understanding the Contextual Factors Impacting the Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program in a Single Health Center Serving Rural and Underserved Communities in the United States-A Mixed-Methods Approach.","authors":"Arinze Nkemdirim Okere, Anthony Ryan Pinto, Sandra Suther","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to identify contextual factors influencing the implementation of an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) in a rural primary care center serving underserved communities. <b>Methods</b>: A mixed-methods approach guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and surveys with clinical staff and leadership at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). The CFIR framework was used to explore barriers and facilitators within the clinic's inner and outer settings, focusing on staff perceptions, challenges, and readiness for ASP implementation. <b>Results</b>: Strong staff support for ASPs was identified, with participants emphasizing their potential to improve patient outcomes and antibiotic prescribing practices. Barriers included insufficient training, a high workload, and patient pressure to prescribe antibiotics. Leadership commitment, enhanced communication systems, and tailored educational materials were identified as critical facilitators for successful implementation. Participants highlighted the need for accessible educational tools and streamlined protocols to improve engagement and compliance. <b>Conclusions</b>: Implementing an ASP in rural and underserved settings is feasible but requires addressing site-specific challenges. The insights from this study underscore the importance of understanding contextual factors to inform evidence-based strategies for ASP adoption. The structured use of CFIR provided a comprehensive framework to guide implementation efforts, ultimately supporting better antibiotic use and public health outcomes in resource-constrained healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Regional Approach to Strengthening the Implementation of Sustainable Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Five Countries in East, Central, and Southern Africa.","authors":"Evelyn Wesangula, Joseph Yamweka Chizimu, Siana Mapunjo, Steward Mudenda, Jeremiah Seni, Collins Mitambo, Kaunda Yamba, Misbah Gashegu, Aquino Nhantumbo, Emiliana Francis, Nyambura Moremi, Henry Athiany, Martin Matu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs optimize the use of antimicrobials and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study evaluated the implementation of AMS programs in Africa using a harmonized regional approach. <b>Methods:</b> This was an exploratory cross-sectional study across five countries involving 32 hospitals using an adapted Periodic National and Hospitals Assessment Tool from the World Health Organization (WHO) policy guidance on integrated AMS activities in human health. <b>Results:</b> This study found baseline scores for AMS core elements ranging from 34% to 79% at the baseline which improved to 58% to 92% at the endline. At baseline, Drugs and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) functionality in updating facility-specific medicines and medical devices ranged from 58% to 100%, and this ranged from 79 to 100% at endline. Classifying antibiotics by WHO AWaRe, classification ranged from 33% to 83% at baseline and 64% to 100% at endline. Leadership commitment scores were 47% at baseline and 66% at endline. Education and training scores were 42% and 63% at baseline and endline, respectively. Reporting and feedback scores were 34% at baseline and 58% at endline. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study showed that understanding context and standardizing regional stewardship approaches enhanced cross-country learning and improved AMS implementation. Although the challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are similar, they vary by country and can be addressed by strengthening AMS regulatory frameworks and surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Dual Versus Triple Antibiotic Therapy for Treating Brucellosis Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yazed Saleh Alsowaida, Shuroug A Alowais, Rema A Aldugiem, Hussah N Albahlal, Khalid Bin Saleh, Bader Alshoumr, Alia Alshammari, Kareemah Alshurtan, Thamer A Almangour","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Brucellosis is a major zoonotic infection that warrants treatment with antibiotic therapy. Current treatment recommendations include using either dual or triple therapy with antibiotics active against brucella species. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dual and triple antibiotic therapy for treating brucellosis. <b>Methods:</b> This is a retrospective cohort study for patients with confirmed Brucellosis infection from 2015 to 2024. The primary outcome was the achievement of a favorable response. Secondary outcomes were treatment failure, 90-day mortality, relapse of brucella infection, hospital re-admission, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Baseline characteristics were reported as means with standard deviations. All the statistical tests are shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <b>Results:</b> In total, 966 patients were screened and 287 met the inclusion criteria: 164 patients in the dual therapy group and 123 patients in the triple therapy group. Achievement of a favorable response was not statistically different between the dual therapy and triple therapy groups; 87.3% vs. 90.5%, OR 1.2 (0.48-3.02, <i>p</i> = 0.42). No patient died in either treatment group. Treatment failure, mean duration of hospitalization, brucella relapse, hospital re-admission, and the mean time to defervescence were not statistically different between dual and triple therapy groups. Adverse drug reactions were numerically higher in the triple therapy group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Dual therapy was equally effective for the treatment of patients with brucellosis compared to the triple therapy regimens. Although not statistically significant, there more ADRs in the triple therapy group compared to those receiving dual therapy. Thus, dual antibiotic therapy is efficacious, less costly, and associated with fewer ADRs compared to triple antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in the Gut Microbiota of Colorectal Cancer Patients.","authors":"Mutebi John Kenneth, Chin-Chia Wu, Chuan-Yin Fang, Tsui-Kang Hsu, I-Ching Lin, Shih-Wei Huang, Yi-Chou Chiu, Bing-Mu Hsu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With nearly half of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients diagnosed at advanced stages where surgery alone is insufficient, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone for this cancer treatment. To prevent infections and improve outcomes, antibiotics are often co-administered. However, chemotherapeutic interactions with the gut microbiota cause significant non-selective toxicity, affecting not only tumor and normal epithelial cells but also the gut microbiota. This toxicity triggers the bacterial SOS response and loss of microbial diversity, leading to bacterial mutations and dysbiosis. Consequently, pathogenic overgrowth and systemic infections increase, necessitating broad-spectrum antibiotics intervention. This review underscores how prolonged antibiotic use during chemotherapy, combined with chemotherapy-induced bacterial mutations, creates selective pressures that drive de novo antimicrobial resistance (AMR), allowing resistant bacteria to dominate the gut. This compromises the treatment efficacy and elevates the mortality risk. Restoring gut microbial diversity may mitigate chemotherapy-induced toxicity and improve therapeutic outcomes, and emerging strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, and prebiotics, show considerable promise. Given the global threat posed by antibiotic resistance to cancer treatment, prioritizing antimicrobial stewardship is essential for optimizing antibiotic use and preventing resistance in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Future research should aim to minimize chemotherapy's impact on the gut microbiota and develop targeted interventions to restore microbial diversity affected during chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Mucus Fraction from <i>Cornu aspersum</i> and Cirpofloxacin Against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wounds of Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Mila Dobromirova Kaleva, Momchil Kermedchiev, Lyudmila Velkova, Maya Margaritova Zaharieva, Aleksandar Dolashki, Maria Todorova, Maya Guncheva, Pavlina Dolashka, Hristo Miladinov Najdenski","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is a challenging medical problem of extreme clinical and social importance, as a consequence of the emerging antibiotic resistance and decreased quality of life of diabetic patients due to impaired wound healing. One of the current trends in world science is the search for biologically active substances derived from living organisms. Biologically active peptides from snail mucus attract considerable scientific interest because of their pleiotropic pharmacological properties. The aim of our study was to evaluate the activity of a combination between a snail mucus protein fraction (MW > 20 kDa) obtained from the garden snail <i>Cornu aspersum</i> and the clinically applied antibacterial chemotherapeutic ciprofloxacin on pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from DFU. <b>Results</b>: The test bacterial strains were characterized as multidrug resistant. The combination between ciprofloxacin and the snail mucus fraction of interest led to additive or synergistic effects depending on the test strain. The mucus fraction exerted a well-pronounced wound-healing effect and no cytotoxicity on normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. <b>Methods</b>: The snail mucus was obtained by a patented technology (BG Utility model 2097/2015) and its electrophoretic profile was presented by SDS-PAGE. The bacterial strains were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility (BD Phoenix M50 and Kirby-Bauer assay). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the mucus was evaluated by ISO 10995-5. The antimicrobial activity and combination effects were tested through ISO 20776/1 and the Checkerboard assay. <b>Conclusions</b>: The obtained results are promising and open new horizons for the development of novel combination treatment schemas for healing of infected DFU.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Metal Resistance Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Mine Water in Austria.","authors":"Jakob Prochaska, Heinz Reitner, Christian Benold, Alfred Stadtschnitzer, Buyantogtokh Choijilsuren, Dmitrij Sofka, Friederike Hilbert, Cátia Pacífico","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Microbiomes surrounding mining sites have been found to harbor both antibiotic resistance genes and metal resistance genes. Within the \"One Health\" framework, which spans human, veterinary and environmental health, it is crucial to determine whether bacterial metal resistance (MR) genes can independently trigger antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or if they are linked to AMR genes and co-transferred horizontally. <b>Methods and Results</b>: Bacteria were isolated from an active and an inactive mining site in the alpine region of Austria. Most of the isolated bacteria harbored antimicrobial and metal resistance genes (88%). MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that species from the <i>Pseudomonadaceae</i> family were the most identified, accounting for 32.5%. All <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. carried AMR genes from the <i>mex</i> family, which encode multidrug efflux pumps. β-lactamase production encoded by <i>bla</i> genes were detected as the second most common (26%). The same AMR genes have often been detected within a particular bacterial genus. No tetracycline resistance gene has been identified. Among metal resistance genes, <i>rufB</i> (tellurium resistance) was the most prevalent (33%), followed by <i>recGM</i> (selenium resistance, 30%), <i>copA</i> (copper resistance, 26%), and <i>mgtA</i> (magnesium and cobalt resistance, 26%). Notably, the <i>mer</i> gene family (mercury resistance) was found exclusively in isolates from the inactive mining site (<i>n</i> = 6). In addition, genes associated with both antimicrobial and metal resistance, including <i>arsBM</i>, <i>acrD</i>, and the <i>mer</i> operon, were identified in 19 out of the 43 isolates. <b>Conclusions</b>: Bacteria isolated from mine water harbored both MR and AMR genes. Given the exceptional diversity of bacterial species in these settings, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis is the recommended method for accurate species identification. Moreover, the presence of multi-drug transporters and transferable resistance genes against critically important antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and colistin identified in these environmental bacteria emphasizes the importance of retrieving environmental data within the \"One Health\" framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of <i>vanA</i>-Mediated Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (ST1912/CC116) and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (ST80/CC17), <i>optrA</i>-Positive Linezolid-Resistant <i>E. faecalis</i> (ST32, ST1902) from Human Clinical Specimens in Bangladesh.","authors":"Sangjukta Roy, Meiji Soe Aung, Shyamal Kumar Paul, Md Nazmul Alam Khan, Syeda Anjuman Nasreen, Muhammad Saiful Hasan, Nazia Haque, Tridip Kanti Barman, Jobyda Khanam, Fardousi Akter Sathi, Shashwata Paul, Mohammad Ibrahim Ali, Nobumichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Enterococcus</i> is one of the major nosocomial pathogens. The present status of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence factors was analyzed for current <i>Enterococcus</i> causing infectious diseases in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical isolates of <i>Enterococcus</i> recovered from various specimens in a tertiary care hospital were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was measured by a broth microdilution test, and resistance genes/virulence factors were detected by uniplex/multiplex PCR, along with sequencing analysis as required. The sequence type (ST) of <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i> was identified based on a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For a one-year period, a total of 143 isolates (135 <i>E. faecalis</i>, 7 <i>E. faecium</i>, and 1 <i>E. hirae</i>) were collected. Although all <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates were susceptible to penicillin, high resistance rates were noted against erythromycin (87%) and levofloxacin (62%). High-level resistance to gentamicin was detected in 30% of <i>E. faecalis</i> and 86% of <i>E. faecium</i>. Vancomycin resistance due to <i>vanA</i> was identified in one isolate each of <i>E. faecalis</i> (ST1912, CC116) and <i>E. faecium</i> (ST80, CC17). Three <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates (2.2%) with ST32 or ST1902 were resistant to linezolid, harboring <i>optrA-fexA</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study identifies the vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> harboring <i>vanA</i> from humans in Bangladesh and shows the potential spread of <i>optrA</i> in multiple lineages of <i>E. faecalis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Three Kayviruses Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Lidia Piechowicz, Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, Natalia Kaźmierczak, Milena Grzenkowicz, Małgorzata Stasiłojć, Agnieszka Necel, Olesia Werbowy, Anna Pałubicka","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The viral pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected millions of people. However, it was noticed that high mortality was often a result of bacterial co-infections. One of the main pathogens responsible for secondary infections in patients with viral respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, is <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In recent years, the number of infections caused by drug-resistant strains of <i>S. aureus</i> has been growing rapidly, often exceeding the number of infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive strains. In addition, biofilm-related infections are more difficult to treat due to the lower sensitivity of biofilm structure to antibiotics. Bacteriophages are seen as alternative treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, in our work, we have analyzed the efficacy of three Kayviruses against <i>S. aureus</i> strains isolated from COVID-19 patients. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed the ability of tested phages to remove <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm both from polystyrene plates as well as from the surface of pulmonary epithelial cells. <b>Results:</b> We have observed that tested Kayviruses had a broad host range. Furthermore, phages were able to effectively reduce biofilm biomass and number of viable cells in pure culture. During our research, none of the tested phages was shown to have a negative effect on cell viability and were able to inhibit the negative effect <i>S. aureus</i> had on cell condition. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results show tested phages were effective in reducing the biofilm of <i>S. aureus</i> strains isolated from COVID-19 patients, had no adverse effect on lung epithelial cell viability. Therefore, it should be recognized that the properties of three studied Kayviruses give them an advantage in the selection of phages for treatment of staphylococcal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Effect of Meropenem Against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Using Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations Determined at High Inocula.","authors":"Maria V Golikova, Kamilla N Alieva, Elena N Strukova, Julia R Savelieva, Daria A Kondratieva, Svetlana A Dovzhenko, Mikhail B Kobrin, Vladimir A Ageevets, Alisa A Avdeeva, Stephen H Zinner","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Assessing antibiotic MICs at high bacterial counts is likely to disclose hidden bacterial resistance and the inoculum effect if present and therefore also reveal potential decreased antibiotic effectiveness. In the current study, we evaluated the predictive potential of MICs determined at high bacterial inocula to evaluate meropenem effectiveness and emergence of resistance in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. <b>Methods:</b> Nine carbapenemase-free or carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains were exposed to meropenem in an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). The treatment effects were correlated with simulated antibiotic ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to the MIC (AUC/MIC) and to MICs determined at high inocula (AUC/MIC_HI). <b>Results:</b> Based on MICs determined at standard inocula, meropenem effects at different AUC/MIC ratios for both carbapenemase-free and carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains were stratified and could not be described by a single relationship. In contrast, when AUC/MIC_HI ratios were used, a single relationship with the antibiotic effect was obtained for all tested strains. Similarly, the emergence of meropenem resistance in HFIM was concordant with AUC/MIC_HI, but not with AUC/MIC ratios. <b>Conclusions:</b> MICs determined at high bacterial inocula enable the prediction of meropenem effects both for carbapenemase-free and for carbapenemase-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains. Also, MICs at standard and high inocula can identify carbapenemase-producing strains by revealing the inoculum effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}