Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal Susceptibility of <i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i> Isolates from Companion Animals and Genomic Insights into Resistance Mechanisms.","authors":"Marianna Domán, Dávid Első, Krisztina Pintér, Enikő Wehmann, Enikő Fehér, Tibor Magyar","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090902","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i> is a lipophilic yeast frequently associated with otitis externa and dermatological disorders in companion animals. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of <i>M. pachydermatis</i> isolates from dogs and cats and to investigate the genomic determinants of reduced susceptibility. <b>Methods</b>: Susceptibility testing of 87 clinical isolates was performed using a modified CLSI broth microdilution method in Sabouraud dextrose broth supplemented with 1% Tween 80. The whole genome of ten representative isolates was sequenced and the genetic factors that are involved in drug resistance were investigated. <b>Results</b>: Ketoconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine exhibited the highest efficacy, while miconazole and clotrimazole showed reduced activity. Whole genome sequencing revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that play a key role in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, particularly in <i>ERG11</i> and <i>ERG1</i>. While some specific amino acid substitutions (e.g., K446R in <i>ERG11</i>) were found only in isolates with elevated MIC values, no direct correlation with resistance could be unequivocally established. <b>Conclusions</b>: Genomic analyses also uncovered chromosomal mutations and the heterozygosity of certain isolates, suggesting that complex, multifactorial mechanisms may drive the development of drug resistance. These findings highlight the importance of standardized susceptibility testing and further genomic investigations to promote effective antifungal therapy in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Antibiotics in Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: A Nationwide Analysis of Infection Rates and Antibiotic Use in South Korea.","authors":"Youngjin Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Sukil Kim, Jun-Seok Lee, Sang-Il Kim, Joonghyun Ahn, So-Young Han, Hyung-Youl Park","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090901","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) are widely performed minimally invasive procedures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and vertebral metastases. Although generally safe, postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) can lead to severe complications. The true incidence of SSIs and optimal prophylactic antibiotic strategies remains unclear. This study evaluated SSI incidence and the impact of antibiotic timing and type using a nationwide quality assessment (QA) database in South Korea. <b>Methods</b>: We analyzed data from the 7th to 9th QA waves of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Service, including 23,868 patients who underwent VP or KP. SSI incidence was compared across antibiotic timing groups (preoperative-only, postoperative-only, and combined) and antibiotic types. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for SSIs. <b>Results</b>: SSI occurred in 47 patients (0.20% of 23,868 procedures). No infections were observed in the preoperative-only group, compared with 0.36% in the postoperative-only group and 0.19% in the pre- and postoperative group. The lowest incidence (0.16%) was seen with first- or second-generation cephalosporins. Multivariate analysis found no significant difference between the preoperative-only and the combined regimens, nor between first-/second-generation cephalosporins and broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, surgery at a tertiary hospital (aOR: 3.566) and malnutrition (aOR: 2.915) were independently associated with increased SSI risk. <b>Conclusions</b>: This nationwide study, the largest to date on VP and KP, demonstrated that SSIs are rare (0.2%). A single preoperative dose of first- or second-generation cephalosporins was as effective as combined or broader-spectrum regimens. Targeted preventive measures may be warranted for high-risk groups such as patients with malnutrition or those treated in tertiary hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Emergence of Cefiderocol Resistance Associated with Mutation of <i>EnvZ</i> Gene in a VIM-Producing ST307 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Strain.","authors":"Simone Ambretti, Benedetta Secci, Raul Cetatean, Milo Gatti, Pierluigi Viale, Federico Pea, Claudio Foschi","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090893","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (CRE), particularly those harboring metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) such as VIM, constitute a significant public health threat due to the paucity of effective therapeutic options. Cefiderocol (CFD), a novel siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin, exhibits potent activity against CRE by exploiting bacterial iron uptake systems. Nevertheless, the emergence of CFD resistance has been recently documented. This study aimed to characterize the development of CFD resistance in a VIM-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolate during antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by broth microdilution using iron-depleted medium according to EUCAST guidelines. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses focused on mutations in genes related to iron transport and CFD resistance, using Illumina MiSeq. Initial isolates (RS, BA1) were susceptible to CFD (MIC 2 mg/L), whereas the isolate recovered after 9 days of CFD therapy (BA2) was resistant (MIC 8 mg/L). In conclusion, this study illustrates for the first time the rapid emergence of CFD resistance in a VIM-producing ST307 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolate linked to a missense variant in <i>envZ</i> gene, arising after a 9-day CFD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics for the Treatment of Patients with Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL)-Producing Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Matthew E Falagas, Dimitrios S Kontogiannis, Dimitrios Ragias, Stylianos A Kakoullis","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090894","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by MBL-producing Gram-negative bacterial pathogens have disseminated worldwide and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the published clinical evidence on the use of various antibiotics for the treatment of patients with such infections. The available data suggest the consideration of the new antibiotics cefiderocol and aztreonam-avibactam for the treatment of patients with infections caused by MBL-producing Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. However, their considerable cost and limited availability hinder their use. Also, the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam has been occasionally used, especially when there was an unavailability of aztreonam-avibactam. Additionally, old antibiotics such as colistin and fosfomycin, especially in combination antimicrobial therapy, may be considered for the treatment of patients with such infections. The relevant clinical data on the use of tigecycline and aminoglycosides for infections caused by MBL-producing pathogens are limited. Thus, the evaluation of the published evidence suggests the best treatment options for the treatment of patients with such infections at present. Also, the limited available data highlight the need for dissemination of the already acquired clinical experience and the conduct of new studies examining currently available antibiotics, as well as investigational antimicrobial agents for the treatment of patients with infections caused by MBL-producing Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Serum Concentrations of Vancomycin Administered as Continuous Infusion and on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients-A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Stefanie Nothofer, Rico Angeli, Manfred Weiss, Christian Dumps, Felix Berger, Josephin Eckert, Felix Girrbach, Nadin Scheidt, Susan Menzel, Mirko Lange, Hermann Wrigge, Philipp Simon","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090895","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in critically ill patients with severe methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, under- or overdosing is likely to result in adverse effects, especially in patients with conditions associated with altered pharmacokinetics such as obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of obesity on serum concentrations of vancomycin in critically ill patients receiving intravenous vancomycin by continuous infusion based on ideal body weight (IBW). <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective observational study performed at the University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany, included all patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2009 and December 2015 who received guideline-based vancomycin therapy based on IBW. Serum concentrations were obtained through routinely performed therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). <b>Results</b>: A total of 1066 patients with a median age of 62 years were included in this study. The median (25%; 75% quantile) vancomycin treatment duration was 4 (2; 7) days and the median time to reach target concentrations of 20-25 mg L^-1 was 3 (2; 4) days without a significant difference between BMI groups. Overall, only 25.9% of patients were in the therapeutic range of 20-25 mg L^-1 in the entire treatment interval. 47.8% of vancomycin concentrations obtained from TDM were below the desired target range with no differences between the BMI groups (<i>p</i> = 0.077). 26.3% of measurements exceeded the target range, with a significant increase in the morbidly obese group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A higher BMI was associated with an increased ICU, in-hospital, 28- and 90-day mortality in morbidly obese patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Age, BMI and high SAPS-II and SOFA scores were significant predictors of an increased risk of death. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our preliminary findings suggest that IBW-based dosing may help reduce the risk of supratherapeutic concentrations in morbidly obese patients. The high rates of sub- and supratherapeutic vancomycin serum concentrations across all patients highlight the need for close TDM and dose adjustments, particularly in morbidly obese patients with the highest rates of supratherapeutic vancomycin serum concentrations and of RRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Models to Establish the Risk of Being a Carrier of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria upon Admission to the ICU.","authors":"Sulamita Carvalho-Brugger, Mar Miralbés Torner, Gabriel Jiménez Jiménez, Montserrat Vallverdú Vidal, Begoña Balsera Garrido, Xavier Nuvials Casals, Mercedes Palomar Martínez, Javier Trujillano Cabello","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090889","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To establish the risk of being a carrier of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) upon ICU admission, according to the risk factors (RFs) from the Spanish \"Resistencia Zero\" (RZ) project checklist, using machine learning methodology. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study, conducted with a consecutive sample of patients admitted to the ICU between 2014 and 2016. The study analyzed the RZ RFs for MDR, as well as other pathological variables and comorbidities. The study group was randomly divided into a development group (70%) and a validation group (30%). Several machine learning models were used: binary logistic regression, CHAID-type decision tree, and the XGBOOST methodology (version 2.1.0) with SHAP analysis. <b>Results:</b> Data from 2459 patients were analyzed, of whom 210 (8.2%) were carriers of MDR. The risk grew with the accumulation of RF. Binary logistic regression identified colonization or previous infection by MDR, prior antibiotic treatment, living in a nursing home, recent hospitalization, and renal failure as the most influential factors. The CHAID tree detected MDR in 56% of patients with previous colonization or infection, a figure that increased to almost 74% if they had also received antibiotic therapy. The XGBOOST model determined that variables related to antibiotic treatment were the most important. <b>Conclusions:</b> The RZ RFs have limitations in predicting MDR upon ICU admission, and machine learning models offer certain advantages. Not all RFs have the same importance, but their accumulation increases the risk. There is a group of patients with no identifiable RFs, which complicates decisions on preventive isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Antimicrobial Chitosan Films Incorporating Green-Synthesized Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Acne Treatment.","authors":"Roberta Albino Dos Reis, Carolina C de Freitas, Leonardo Longuini da Silva, Laura Pierobão Monteiro, Gerson Nakazato, Mathilde Champeau, Ricardo A Galdino da Silva, Amedea Barozzi Seabra","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090891","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Chitosan-based films incorporating green-synthesized silver nanoparticles AgNPs) or copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were developed to compare their selective antimicrobial action for topical applications. While AgNPs are known for broad-spectrum activity, this study hypothesized that CuONPs would exhibit superior, targeted efficacy against the acne-associated bacterium <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticles were synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract and characterized. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. Chitosan films containing AgNPs or CuONPs were further tested for selective antimicrobial activity and fibroblast cytocompatibility. <b>Results:</b> AgNPs showed strong activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 15 µg/mL) but were less effective against <i>C. acnes</i> (MIC = 125 µg/mL). In contrast, CuONPs demonstrated selective efficacy against <i>C. acnes</i> (MIC = 62 µg/mL; MBC = 125 µg/mL). When incorporated into chitosan films, AgNPs@CHI inhibited <i>E. coli</i> (35 mm halo) and <i>S. aureus</i> (30 mm), whereas CuONPs@CHI were selectively effective against <i>C. acnes</i> (45 mm). All films preserved fibroblast viability above the 70% ISO 10993-5 threshold. <b>Conclusions:</b> CuONPs@CHI films validated selective anti-C. acnes performance, highlighting their promise for targeted anti-acne therapies, while AgNPs@CHI films served as effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial barriers.revealed that AgNPs were potent against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 15 µg/mL) but less effective against <i>C. acnes</i> (MIC = 125 µg/mL). Conversely, CuONPs demonstrated a marked selective advantage against <i>C. acnes</i> (MIC = 62 µg/mL; MBC = 125 µg/mL). When incorporated into chitosan films, AgNPs@CHI films inhibited <i>E. coli</i> (35 mm halo) and <i>S. aureus</i> (30 mm), whereas CuONPs@CHI films were selectively effective only against <i>C. acnes</i> (45 mm), confirming the targeted performance. All films maintained fibroblast viability above the 70% ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold. These findings validate the selective action of CuONPs@CHI films, positioning them as a promising biomaterial for targeted anti-acne therapies, while AgNPs@CHI films serve as effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Consumption at the Community Level: The Potential of a Single Health Policy Instrument to Assist Appropriate Use-Insights from Bulgaria.","authors":"Desislava Vankova, Nadia Veleva, Petya Boncheva, Katerina Kondova, Zhaneta Radkova, Silviya Mihaylova","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090888","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is accelerated by inappropriate antibiotic use in community settings. While most EU countries have achieved a statistically significant reduction in antibiotic consumption, Bulgaria has shown the opposite trend. The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of mandatory electronic prescriptions (e-Rx) for antibiotics in Bulgarian primary care and to analyse community-level sales trends (2022-Q1 2025) in the context of related policy changes. <b>Methods:</b> The study applied a content analysis approach to publicly available policy documents and antibiotic sales and prescription data (IQVIA Bulgaria, NHIS). Participatory approaches facilitated the contextual interpretation of the data. The Health Policy Triangle framework guided the analysis of e-Rx implementation across four dimensions: content, context, process, and key actors involved in the e-Rx policy rollout. Trends in sales were assessed before and after the policy's full enforcement in April 2024. <b>Results:</b> Sales data from IQVIA Bulgaria show a steady ≈10% decline in outpatient antibiotic sales from 2022 to 2024, with over 1.1 million fewer packages dispensed. Although the estimated annual and quarterly declines in community sales did not reach statistical significance in the short term, the consistent downward trajectory remains noteworthy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Mandatory e-Rx has shown early potential as a policy instrument to reduce antibiotic overuse in Bulgaria. It is expected to contribute to the reduction in AMR and to support the implementation of integrated national One Health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey Compounds Exhibit Antibacterial Effects Against <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> JP2.","authors":"Abdelhadi Hbibi, Amine Ezzahi, Ferhat Ozturk, Niels A J Cremers, Jalal Kasouati, Ahmed Moussaif, Anders Johansson, Mimoun Zouhdi, Babacar Touré, Itto Maroui","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090887","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b><i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> JP2 genotype is a virulent pathogen linked to severe periodontitis and systemic diseases. Honey and royal jelly (RJ) have demonstrated bioactive properties against this microorganism. This study aims to assess the bioactive properties of honeys and RJ against this key periodontal pathogen and to preliminarily identify key compounds with antibacterial potential. <b>Methods:</b> The antibacterial activity of honeys and commercial products (manuka, L-Mesitran^® as a medical-grade honey-based formulation (MGHF), and Honix^® RJ) against <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> JP2 was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method and microdilution assays. Extensive physicochemical characterization (e.g., hydrogen peroxide level, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content) was conducted to correlate the bioactive compounds with the antimicrobial activity. <b>Results:</b> All tested samples exhibited varying antibacterial potency, with inhibition zones ranging from 21 to 37 mm. The MICs ranged from 40.7 to 104.3 mg/mL. MGHF, RJ, and multifloral honeys showed the lowest MICs. The pH of six out of eight samples could not induce enamel decalcification while the pH of three samples may not influence cementum demineralization. Vitamin C, zinc, magnesium, and potassium were present in measurable quantities, and were not associated with significant antibacterial activity. MGHF showed the highest hydrogen peroxide activity and TFC values. TFC and H₂O₂ content were statistically correlated with lower MIC values. <b>Conclusions:</b> Honey and RJ showed antibacterial activity against <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> JP2, partly attributed to their content of hydrogen peroxide and flavonoids. Clinical trials are needed to confirm the potential role of honey, RJ, and their bioactive compounds in managing periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Enterobacterales: An Interplay Between Microbial Communities.","authors":"Béla Kocsis, Dóra Szabó, László Sipos","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090890","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The intestinal tract is a host to a high number of diverse bacteria, and the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales strains acts as a reservoir and a source of infection. The interactions between the intestinal microbiome and colonizer Enterobacterales strains influence long-lasting colonization. <b>Aims</b>: In this narrative review, we summarize available data about the intestinal colonization of MDR Enterobacterales strains and correlations between colonization and the intestinal microbiome. <b>Results</b>: Several endogenous and exogenous factors influence the intestinal colonization of MDR Enterobacterales strains. On the gut microbiome level, the intestinal microbial community is composed of the Lachnospiraceae family (e.g., <i>Lachnoclostridium</i>, <i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Tyzzerella</i>), which indicates a protective role against colonizer MDR Enterobacterales strains; by contrast, a high abundance of Enterobacterales correlates with the colonization of MDR Enterobacterales strains. In specific patient groups, striking differences in microbiome composition can be detected. Among hematopoietic stem-cell-transplanted patients colonized by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, a greater abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Coprococcus</i>, <i>L-Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Mogibacteriaceae</i>, <i>Peptostreptococceae</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i> was observed compared to patients not colonized by ESBL-producing strains, who had a greater abundance of Actinomycetales. In liver transplant patients, a reduction in the alpha-diversity of the intestinal microbiome in fecal samples correlates with the carriage of MDR Enterobacterales. <b>Conclusions</b>: Intestinal colonization with MDR Enterobacterales is a multifactorial process that involves the MDR strain (e.g., its plasmids, fimbria), host and mucosal factors (e.g., IgA and defensin) and exogenous factors (e.g., use of antibiotics, hospitalization). On the gut microbiome level, the Lachnospiraceae family is dominant among intestines not colonized by MDR strains, but a high abundance of Enterobacterales was correlated with colonization with MDR Enterobacterales strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}