Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"IgA Dysfunction Induced by Early-Lifetime Low-Dose Antibiotics Exposure Aggravates Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Xue Han, Yue Qin, Jielong Guo, Weidong Huang, Yilin You, Jicheng Zhan, Yue Yin","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060574","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Low-dose antibiotic contamination in animal feed is a persistent global food safety challenge. Transient early-life exposure to low-dose penicillin (LDP) is known to induce metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adult mice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. <b>Introduction:</b> This study investigated the role of gut microbiota (GM) and intestinal immunity in mediating the long-term metabolic effects of early-life LDP exposure. <b>Methods:</b> Mice were exposed to LDP transiently during early life. GM composition was analyzed. Intestinal IgA responses were quantified. Bacterial encroachment, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation, and diet-induced MetS were assessed. Germ-free (GF) mice received GM transplants from LDP-exposed or control mice to test causality and persistence. <b>Results:</b> Early-life LDP exposure significantly disrupted GM composition, particularly in the ileum, in 30-day-old mice. These GM alterations caused persistent suppression of intestinal IgA responses, evidenced by reduced IgA-producing cells and sIgA levels. This suppression was constrained to early-life exposure: transferring LDP-modified GM to GF mice produced only a transient reduction in fecal sIgA. The LDP-induced sIgA reduction decreased IgA binding of bacteria, leading to increased bacterial encroachment and systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. These pathological changes exacerbated diet-induced MetS. <b>Discussion:</b> Our findings demonstrate that early-life LDP exposure induces persistent intestinal IgA deficiency through lasting GM alterations initiated in early development. This deficiency drives bacterial encroachment, inflammation, and ultimately exacerbates MetS. <b>Conclusions:</b> The exacerbation of diet-induced metabolic syndrome by early-life LDP exposure occurs through an intestinal sIgA-dependent pathway triggered by persistent GM disruption. This highlights a critical mechanism linking early-life antibiotic exposure, gut immune dysfunction, and long-term metabolic health, with significant implications for food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities in Graz, Austria, from 2018 to 2022.","authors":"Elisabeth König, Miriam Meister, Christian Pux, Michael Uhlmann, Walter Schippinger, Herwig Friedl, Robert Krause, Ines Zollner-Schwetz","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060573","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study aimed to evaluate changes in the rate and spectrum of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and to analyse the rate and spectrum of antimicrobial prescriptions in four long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Graz, Austria, from 2018 to 2022 in a prospective cohort study. <b>Methods:</b> Nursing staff prospectively collected data on HCAIs and antimicrobial prescriptions once a week. Log-linear Poisson models for counts were applied mostly to evaluate the difference effects of the various calendar years compared to the reference year of 2018. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1684 infections were recorded in 720 residents during the study period. The overall annual incidence rate of HCAIs varied over time with a significant increase to 2.86/1000 resident days in 2019 and to 4.09/1000 resident days in 2022, both compared to 2018, <i>p</i> < 0.001. A large peak in respiratory tract infections (RTIs) occurred in winter 2021/2022 due to a large number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in all four LTCFs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most commonly recorded infections. Beta-lactams were the most frequently prescribed systemic anti-infectives. A statistically significant increase in the rate of beta-lactam prescriptions/1000 resident days occurred between 2018 and 2022 (<i>p</i> = 0.016), whereas a statistically significant decrease in quinolone prescriptions/1000 resident days occurred in the same time period (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence rates of HCAIs varied over time with a significant increase during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022 compared to 2018. Continued surveillance efforts are necessary to assess the effect of infection control efforts after the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Context of <i>optrA</i>-Carrying Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci from Humans and Animals in South Korea.","authors":"Younggwon On, Sung Young Lee, Jung Sik Yoo, Jung Wook Kim","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060571","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Linezolid resistance among <i>Enterococcus</i> species poses a growing clinical and public health concern, especially due to the dissemination of transferable resistance genes, such as <i>optrA</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of linezolid resistance and to characterize the molecular epidemiology and genetic contexts of <i>optrA</i>-positive linezolid-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (LRE) isolates from clinical and animal sources in South Korea. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 2156 <i>Enterococcus</i> isolates, collected through nationwide surveillance from hospitalized patients and healthy livestock (pigs, cattle, and chickens) between 2017 and 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Phenotypic susceptibility testing, <i>optrA</i> gene screening, and whole-genome sequencing were performed to investigate genetic environments and phylogenetic relationships. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of linezolid resistance was 0.2% in clinical isolates, 3.3% in pigs, 4.3% in cattle, and 1.4% in chickens. <i>optrA</i>-positive linezolid-resistant isolates were less frequent, with rates of 0.1%, 1.4%, 0.9%, and 1.0%, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing identified sequence types (STs) 330 and ST476 in <i>E. faecalis</i> from humans, with no shared STs between human and livestock isolates. The <i>optrA</i> gene was located either chromosomally, frequently associated with transposon Tn6674, or on multidrug resistance plasmids. Notably, <i>optrA</i> variants exhibited host-specific distribution patterns. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated considerable genomic diversity, and Korean ST476 isolates were genetically related to international strains reported from livestock, poultry products, and wild birds, suggesting potential global dissemination. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides a comprehensive, nationally representative assessment of linezolid resistance in South Korea. The findings highlight the zoonotic potential and possible international dissemination of <i>optrA</i>-carrying ST476 lineages, underscoring the need for integrated One Health surveillance to monitor and control the spread of transferable resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Recovery from Febrile Neutropenia on Intra-Individual Variability in Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Yukie Takumi, Ryota Tanaka, Motoshi Iwao, Ryosuke Tatsuta, Hiroki Itoh","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060570","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin (VCM) in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) are highly variable due to coexisting conditions such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and augmented renal clearance. Upon hematopoietic recovery, VCM clearance (CLvcm) is expected to normalize, which contributes to intra-individual variability. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to intra-individual variability in CLvcm among pediatric patients with FN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study analyzed 33 pediatric patients (48 FN episodes) who met the inclusion criteria. CLvcm was estimated using Bayesian estimation based on the pediatric population pharmacokinetic model developed by Le et al., and standardized with allometrically scaled body weight. The change (Δ) in each clinical laboratory parameter or CLvcm was calculated as the difference between the values at the current and previous TDM within the same episode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 155 VCM TDM data points were analyzed. Intra-individual comparisons revealed that CLvcm decreased significantly in patients recovering from FN to a non-FN state (<i>n</i> = 18, <i>p</i> = 0.0285). Further analysis of intra-individual variability revealed that Δ CLvcm correlated significantly with Δ hemoglobin, Δ C-reactive protein, and Δ maximum daily body temperature, with the strongest correlation observed for Δ maximum daily body temperature (rs = 0.325, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed Δ maximum daily body temperature as a significant factor influencing Δ CLvcm (B = 0.376, 95% CI: 0.074 to 0.678, <i>p</i> = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maximum daily body temperature was identified as a factor influencing intra-individual variability in CLvcm in pediatric FN patients, particularly during the recovery process from FN to a non-FN state. The finding suggests that dose adjustment based on maximum daily body temperature may allow safe and effective VCM therapy in FN patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Disparities in Inappropriate Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in Tennessee.","authors":"Katie A Thure, Glodi Mutamba, Callyn M Wren, Christopher D Evans","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060569","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> In 2022, over 200 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were written in the U.S., with 30% deemed unnecessary. Previous studies have shown that demographic factors, such as age, gender, and race, influence antibiotic prescribing patterns. However, few studies have examined how social determinants of health contribute to health inequities in antibiotic prescribing. This study aims to explore these disparities in Tennessee using IQVIA data. <b>Methods</b>: The Tennessee Department of Health conducted a cross-sectional study using the IQVIA LRx and Dx databases, linking prescription data to diagnoses from 2022. Antibiotic prescriptions were categorized into three tiers based on appropriateness. A multivariable logistic regression model assessed factors such as age, gender, insurance type, and social vulnerability index (SVI) on antibiotic prescribing patterns. <b>Results</b>: Of 2,874,505 prescriptions analyzed, 59.3% were classified as inappropriate (Tier 3). Female patients and children were less likely to receive inappropriate antibiotics. Patients in lower SVI areas, indicating less social disadvantage, had lower odds of receiving unnecessary prescriptions. Medicaid and Medicare Part D beneficiaries had higher odds of receiving inappropriate antibiotics compared to those with private insurance. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights significant health disparities in outpatient antibiotic prescribing in Tennessee. Male patients, older adults, and individuals in socioeconomically vulnerable areas are more likely to receive inappropriate prescriptions. These findings stress the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and address underlying health inequities, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes and reducing antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing, Thermoplastics, CAD Technology, and Reverse Engineering in Orthopedics and Neurosurgery-Applications to Preventions and Treatment of Infections.","authors":"Gabriel Burato Ortis, Franco Camargo Zapparoli, Leticia Ramos Dantas, Paula Hansen Suss, Jamil Faissal Soni, Celso Júnio Aguiar Mendonça, Gustavo Henrique Loesch, Maíra de Mayo Oliveira Nogueira Loesch, Felipe Francisco Tuon","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060565","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for orthopedic and neurosurgical implants has driven advancements in biomaterials, additive manufacturing, and antimicrobial strategies. With an increasingly aging population, and a high incidence of orthopedic trauma in developing countries, the need for effective, biocompatible, and infection-resistant implants is more critical than ever. This review explores the role of polymers in 3D printing for medical applications, focusing on their use in orthopedic and neurosurgical implants. Polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and potential for antimicrobial modifications. A major challenge in implantology is the risk of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and surgical site infections (SSI). Current strategies, such as antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers and bioactive coatings, aim to reduce infection rates, but limitations remain. Additive manufacturing enables the creation of customized implants with tailored porosity for enhanced osseointegration while allowing for the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Future perspectives include the integration of artificial intelligence for implant design, nanotechnology for smart coatings, and bioresorbable scaffolds for improved bone regeneration. Advancing these technologies will lead to more efficient, cost-effective, and patient-specific solutions, ultimately reducing infection rates and improving long-term clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of High-Risk Carbapenem-Resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST307 Clone Producing KPC-2, SHV-106, CTX-M-15, and VEB-1 in Greece.","authors":"Maria Chatzidimitriou, Pandora Tsolakidou, Maria Anna Kyriazidi, Sotiris Varlamis, Ilias S Frydas, Maria Mavridou, Stella Mitka","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060567","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ST307 is emerging as a significant global high-risk antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) clone with a notable capacity to acquire and disseminate resistance genes. However, there is limited research on the pathogenicity, virulence, and adaptation of ST307 strains and on the clinical characteristics of infected patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae (CRKP)</i> ST307 strain named U989 was isolated from a urine culture of a hospitalized patient in Volos, Greece, in July 2024. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify resistance genes to β-lactams <i>bla</i>_KPC-2, <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-15, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B<i>, bla</i>_OXA-1, <i>bla</i>_OXA-10, <i>bla</i>_SHV-106, and <i>bla</i>_VEB-1 and resistance genes to other antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A genomic analysis also revealed the presence of virulence factors such as <i>iut</i>A, <i>clp</i>K1, <i>fyu</i>A, <i>fim</i>H, <i>mrk</i>A, <i>Irp</i>2, and <i>Tra</i>T and an IncFiB(pQil)/IncFII(K) replicon, which harbors the <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 gene. Additionally, the transposable element Tn4401 was identified as a key vehicle for the mobilization of the <i>bla</i>_KPC-2 resistance gene. Finally, this is the report of a high-risk <i>CRKP</i> ST307 clone expressing KPC-2, SHV-106, CTX-M-15, and VEB-1 <i>bla</i> genes in Greece.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The coexistence of these resistance genes in addition to aminoglycoside, quinolone, and other resistance genes results in difficult-to-treat infections caused by respective carrier strains, often requiring the use of last-resort antibiotics and contributing to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitution of Proline Residues by 4-Fluoro-l-Proline Affects the Mechanism of the Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Api137.","authors":"Maren Reepmeyer, Andor Krizsan, Alexandra Brakel, Lisa Kolano, Jakob Gasse, Benjamin W Husselbee, Andrea J Robinson, Ralf Hoffmann","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060566","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The well-studied 18-residue-long proline-rich antimicrobial designer peptide Api137 utilizes at least two lethal intracellular mechanisms that target the bacterial 70S ribosome. First, Api137 stalls the ribosome by binding to the peptidyl-transferase center, trapping the release factor, and inhibiting protein expression. Second, Api137 disrupts the assembly of the large 50S subunit of the ribosome, resulting in partially assembled pre-50S dead-end particles that are unable to form the functional 70S ribosome. <b>Methods</b>: All six proline residues in Api137 were substituted with 4<i>S</i>- and 4<i>R</i>-fluoro-l-proline (Fpr), which promote the <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-conformer ratio of the preceding Xaa-Pro-bond, respectively. The effect on the antibacterial activity was studied using <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by studying 70S ribosome binding, inhibition of <i>in vitro</i> translation, and ribosome profile analysis. <b>Results</b>: Interestingly, the analogs were equipotent to Api137, except for the 4<i>S</i>-Fpr11 and 4<i>S</i>-Fpr16 analogs, which were four times more or less active, respectively. The most active 4<i>S</i>-Fpr11 analog competed the least with Api137 for its ribosome binding site, suggesting a shifted binding site. Both Fpr14 and the 4<i>S</i>-Fpr16 analogs disturbed 50S subunit assembly less than Api137 or not at all. The strongest effect was observed with the 4<i>R</i>-Fpr16 analog resulting in the lowest 70S ribosome content and the highest pre-50S particle content. This peptide also showed the strongest competition with Api137 for its binding site. However, its antibacterial activity was similar to that of Api137, possibly due to its slower cellular uptake. <b>Conclusions</b>: Api137 inhibits protein translation and disrupts 50S assembly, which can be adjusted by substituting specific proline residues with fluoroproline. 4<i>R</i>-Fpr16 potently inhibits ribosome assembly and offers a novel, unexploited clinical mechanism for future antibiotic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2011-2024).","authors":"Tsepo Ramatla, Nkhebenyane Jane, Mohapi Dineo, Tawana Mpho, Motlhaoloa Tshegofatso, Ntelekwane George Khasapane","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060568","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (STEC) are important foodborne pathogens that cause serious public health consequences worldwide. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of antibiotic resistance and STEC in chickens. <b>Methods:</b> The assessment of previous study records was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I² test statistics based on the random effects model, and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software v4.0 was used to analyse the pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of antibiotic resistance and STEC in chickens. <b>Results:</b> A total of 61 studies comprising 823 STEC from 18 countries were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of STEC was 8.9% (95% CI: 0.620-0.126). m-PCR assay showed the highest PPE of 21.0% (95%: 0.088-0.420). <i>stx1</i> had the higher PPE of 12.9% (95%: 0.081-0.199), while <i>stx2</i> had a PPE of 11.8% (95%: 0.077-0.176). Furthermore, the serotype O157 had the higher PPE of 80.5% (95%: 0.520-0.940). The isolates were resistant to the following antibiotics: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, ampicillin, neomycin, and amoxicillin. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings may assist in the prevention and control of STEC in chickens globally. To minimise the spread of STEC and antibiotic resistance, future foodborne pathogen prevention and control programmes should prioritise increasing laboratory capacity for the early identification of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Phenotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Enteric Rods Isolated from the Oral Cavity.","authors":"Yineth Neuta, Natalia Leguizamon, Paula Pajaro, Manuela Zarate, Mauricio Julio, Manuela Pantoja, Isabella Llerena, Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14060564","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14060564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gram-negative enteric rods (GNERs) are transient members of the oral microbiota and are considered a superinfection in patients with periodontitis that poses local and systemic risks due to associations with infections and multidrug resistance, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. These pathogens often resist antibiotics such as amoxicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin, complicating dental treatments. Though their resistance patterns vary, links between specific resistance genes and phenotypic resistance remain unclear. <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the correlation between resistance genes (<i>blaTEM</i>, <i>blaSHV</i>, <i>tetQ</i>, <i>tetM</i>, <i>qnrB</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and <i>mph</i>(A)) and phenotypic resistance in GNERs isolated from oral cavity samples. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 90 oral isolates of GNERs were isolated from patients in a dental clinic, and bacteria were identified by the BD BBL Crystal biochemical panel. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted through broth microdilution following CLSI standards for drives such as amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. Resistance genes, including <i>blaTEM</i>, <i>blaSHV</i>, <i>tetQ</i>, <i>tetM</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, <i>qnrB</i>, and <i>mph</i>(A), were detected using polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. The proportions of species, resistance genes, and minimum inhibitory concentration values were statistically analyzed. <b>Conclusions</b>: As expected, most enteric bacteria showed natural resistance to beta-lactams. Significant resistance to azithromycin was observed in some species. Genotypic and phenotypic profiles suggest the existence of alternative resistance mechanisms; therefore, other mechanisms associated with antibiotic resistance should be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}