Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Postβ-Lactamase-Inhibiting Effect of Sulbactam in Combination with Ceftriaxone on Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Ru Wang, Kun Mi, Aihua Lu, Chengyang Zhang, Lei Sun, Yuxiang Chen, Yuanhu Pan, Yanfei Tao, Lingli Huang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090915","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> poses a significant global health challenge, as it leads to antimicrobial treatment failure and is associated with elevated mortality rates. The use of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations offers an alternative approach for combating ESBL-producing bacteria. Ceftriaxone (CRO) and sulbactam have been coadministered in the clinical settings; however, discrepancies in their pharmacokinetics raise concerns regarding the rationality of this combination. <b>Methods</b>: This study was designed to investigate the postβ-lactamase inhibitor effect (PLIE) under both static and dynamic conditions, with the aim of supporting the clinical application of this combination. <b>Results</b>: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CRO/SBT (2:1 ratio) against <i>E. coli</i> NCTC 13353 was determined to be 32/16 μg/mL. The PLIEs were determined to be -1.26, -0.57, and 0.37 h at CRO/SBT concentrations ranging from 1/2 MIC to 2 MIC, respectively. The results of CRO concentration, β-lactamase activity, <i>bla_CTX-M-15</i> expression, and cell morphology collectively support that SBT exerts PLIEs and protects against the antibacterial activity of CRO. In the dynamic hollow-fiber infection model, CRO monotherapy showed no inhibitory effect on <i>E. coli</i>, whereas CRO/SBT combination therapy rapidly eliminated SBT, achieved comparable bactericidal effects, prolonged CRO exposure, and maintained low β-lactamase activity levels. <b>Conclusions</b>: In conclusion, CRO/SBT exerts an inhibitory effect on enzyme-producing strains by being able to produce PLIE to maintain the inhibition of β-lactamase.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients According to the Administration of Empirical Amikacin: A Two-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sophie Schürch, Sarah Dräger, Michèle Hoffmann, Severin Bausch, Nicolas Gürtler, Cédric Hirzel, Jakob Passweg, Stefano Bassetti, Thomas Pabst, Parham Sendi, Michael Osthoff","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090919","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The benefit of adjunctive aminoglycosides in the treatment of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) is controversial. We investigated the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with FN or suspected infection according to empirical amikacin treatment. <b>Methods</b>: This two-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University Hospitals of Basel (amikacin group) and Bern (non-amikacin group), Switzerland, between 2016 and 2022. Adult patients requiring antibiotic treatment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were included. All patients received empiric beta-lactam treatment combined with amikacin in the amikacin group (only University Hospital Basel). The primary endpoint was the incidence of AKI within seven days after the initiation of antibiotic treatment. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 250 patients were included. The majority was male (n = 163, 65.2%) and had a median age of 61 years (interquartile range (IQR) 55 to 67). The median baseline eGFR was similar in both groups (>90 mL/min/1.7 m²). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AKI (4/125 vs. 5/125, <i>p</i> = 1.0). The maximum decline in eGFR from baseline within 7 days was significantly higher in the amikacin group (-4 mL/min/1.7 m² (IQR 8 to -12) vs. -2 mL/min/1.7 m² (IQR -7 to -1), <i>p</i> = 0.001). Two patients suffered from an infection with an extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) pathogen. <b>Conclusions</b>: Amikacin treatment did not significantly impact the incidence of AKI in patients undergoing autologous HSCT. The short-term administration of amikacin in patients with normal to high baseline eGFR is safe regarding renal function. However, in a low-resistance setting, the omission of empirical amikacin treatment should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions for Managing Community Adult Acute Respiratory Infections: Qualitative Analysis from the OPTIMAS-GP Study Co-Design Phase.","authors":"Margaret Jordan, Mary Burns, Colin Cortie, Janette Radford, Christine Metusela, Judy Mullan, Simon Eckermann, Fiona Williams, Caitlin Keighley, Danielle Mazza, Indra Gajanayake, Stephen Barnett, Andrew Bonney","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090914","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions are critical to reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in primary care and mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While interventions are routinely employed in hospitals, implementation in general practice is nascent. This qualitative study, part of the OPTIMAS-GP project, explored determinants influencing the implementation of evidence-based AMS strategies in Australian general practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Experience-Based Co-Design, three rounds of online focus groups were conducted with ten healthcare professionals (GPs, pharmacists, microbiologist, practice staff) and ten adult patients who had experienced ARI management in primary care. Participants discussed the feasibility and acceptability of AMS interventions: shared decision-making (SDM) tools, delayed prescribing (DP) and point-of-care testing (PoCT) for C-reactive protein (CRP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis of focus group transcriptions identified four interrelated themes: 'Patient acceptance and engagement', 'Practising within a system', 'Prescribing stewardship', and 'Diagnostic stewardship'. Patient engagement was dependent upon expectations, trust, and personalised care, while systemic factors such as continuity of care, practice culture, and resource availability influenced implementation. DP was viewed as a pragmatic but potentially confusing strategy, requiring clear patient guidance and interprofessional collaboration. SDM tools were conceptually supported but challenged by time constraints and poor health literacy. PoCT-CRP was cautiously welcomed for selective use, with concerns expressed about workflow integration and overreliance on testing. Findings were mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify behavioural determinants and inform future implementation strategies. Recommendations include co-designing patient-centred AMS tools with clear instructions and red flags, enhancing GP-pharmacist collaboration, and addressing barriers to PoCT integration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These insights highlight the complexity of implementing AMS interventions in general practice and underscore the need for tailored, system-supported approaches to optimise antibiotic use and reduce AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Factors Contributing to Multidrug Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: Focus on Carbapenem Resistance.","authors":"Carina Alexandra Bandac, Constantin Ristescu, Pavel Onofrei, Ionela-Larisa Miftode, Rodica Radu, Vasile Lucian Boiculese, Ana-Maria Raluca Pauna, Theodor Florin Pantilimonescu, Andreea Luduşanu, Viorel Dragoș Radu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090918","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens are increasingly common and pose serious treatment challenges due to limited antibiotic options and high complication rates. Identifying patients at risk is essential for guiding empirical therapy and improving outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant (CR) UTIs by comparing them with carbapenem-susceptible (CS) UTIs. Secondary objectives included analyzing the types of microorganisms involved in both groups, their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and the presence of carbapenemase enzymes among CR UTI cases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study involving 127 hospitalized patients with UTIs caused by CR microorganisms and 91 patients with UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that retain susceptibility to carbapenems, admitted between 1 October 2023, and 31 March 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In univariate analysis, CR UTI patients had significantly higher rates of neoplasia, neurological disorders, urosepsis at admission, septic shock, the presence of urinary catheters at diagnosis, permanent nephrostomy catheters, hospitalizations within the past 180 days, previous antibiotic exposure including carbapenems, and recent urological procedures. Multivariate analysis revealed four independent risk factors for CR UTIs: neoplasia (OR = 2.152; 95% CI: 1.044-4.436; <i>p</i> = 0.038), neurological disorders (OR = 7.427; 95% CI: 2.804-19.674; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), antibiotic use in the previous 180 days (OR = 2.792; 95% CI: 1.487-5.396; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and prior carbapenem treatment OR = 10.313; 95% CI: 1.277-83.248; <i>p</i> = 0.029). Most of the isolated organisms belonged to the Enterobacterales genus, with <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> being the most common pathogens in CR UTIs, accounting for over 90% of cases. Among patients tested for carbapenemase production, all but one tested positive for at least one carbapenemase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoplasia, neurological disorders, recent antibiotic therapy, and prior carbapenem use were significantly associated with increased risk of developing CR UTIs. <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were the predominant causative organisms, with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC) being the most frequently identified resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporizin-1 Meets the Membranes: Probing Membrane Inser-Tion and Disruption Mechanisms.","authors":"Rosa Bellavita, Sara Palladino, Karyne Rangel, Guilherme Curty Lechuga, Lorenzo Emiliano Imbò, Lucia Falcigno, Gabriella D'Auria, Leonardo da Silva Lara, Mirian Cláudia de Souza Pereira, Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone, Stefania Galdiero, Annarita Falanga","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090913","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Temporizin-1, a hybrid antimicrobial peptide derived from the combination of Temporin A, Gramicidin peptide, and a poly-leu sequence, has strong trypanocide activity against <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> and moderate cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the mode of action of the peptide upon interaction with protozoan and eukaryotic membranes. <b>Methods:</b> To this end, we conducted a series of biophysical assays using liposomes as biomimetic models, along with fluorescence-based experiments such as lipid mixing, membrane leakage, and assays involving Thioflavin and Laurdan. <b>Results:</b> Temporizin-1 displayed potent membranolytic activity on protozoan and eukaryotic membranes, causing significant membrane fusion and leakage with consequent pore formation. In addition, we also performed structural studies on liposome interaction, where we observed a helical structure that is conserved during membrane interaction. The NMR study confirms all the data obtained, providing both the structure of free Temporizin-1 in solution and the way it interacts with micelles. Moreover, Temporizin-1 demonstrated high selectivity against intracellular forms of <i>T. cruzi</i> and exhibited an additive effect when combined with benznidazole, highlighting its promising therapeutic activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, elucidating the mechanism of action of Temporizin-1 is essential for optimizing its structure and improving target selectivity, and driving the rational design of next-generation antimicrobial peptides by applying chemical strategies and delivery system's conjugation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Differential Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Polyphenols Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.","authors":"Relja Suručić, Maja Travar, Tatjana Kundaković Vasović, Jelena Radović Selgrad, Ljiljana Suručić, Milan Momčilović, Miloš P Stojiljković, Ranko Škrbić","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090912","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) and its major polyphenolic constituents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, employing six clinical isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and five isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The study further aims to elucidate mechanisms of action through molecular docking and transport studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chemical composition was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method. Molecular docking was performed with the AutoDock Vina algorithm, and transport studies through porin channels were carried out using Caver software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PoPEx showed stronger activity against Gram-positive (MICs 15.62-500.00 μg/mL) than Gram-negative bacteria (MICs 125.00-500.00 μg/mL). Punicalagin was most active against <i>S. aureus</i>, while gallic acid was most effective against <i>E. coli</i>. Docking revealed high affinities of punicalagin and punicalin, whereas transport studies highlighted the advantage of smaller phenolics like gallic acid in crossing porins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Larger tannins exhibited strong target binding but limited porin permeability, reducing efficacy in Gram-negative bacteria. These findings provide insights into structure-activity relationships of pomegranate polyphenols and support their potential as natural antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Prescription Patterns in the Post-COVID-19 Era in Six European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Karel Kostev, Swati Upadhyaya, Oliver Utsch, Katarzyna Sosnowska, Marcel Konrad, Christian Tanislav","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090911","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>After the relaxation of acute containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, Europe experienced a substantial rebound of non-COVID infections surpassing pre-pandemic levels and causing significant clinical burden. The aim of our study is to analyze outpatient prescription data in Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the UK, and Poland in order to assess trends and disparities in the post-COVID landscape.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present cross-sectional study utilized data from six independently collected datasets containing details from longitudinal prescription (LRx) databases. We aimed to evaluate changes in the number of antibiotic prescriptions issued in 2022 (the first post-pandemic year) compared to 2021 (a pandemic year), as well as subsequent developments in 2023 and 2024. Analyses were stratified by age group and by sex. In addition, the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in each year and country were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All countries experienced a marked increase in antibiotic use in 2022 compared to 2021. The year-on-year growth in 2022 ranged from +12.0% in France to a substantial +39.3% in Belgium. Germany, Poland, and the UK also showed strong increases of over 25%, while Italy rose by 21.5%. Growth slowed in 2023 and stabilized or declined in 2024, particularly in Poland, Italy, and Belgium. Pediatric antibiotic use surged in 2022, especially among children under 10 (+75% in the UK), then leveled off and even declined in some cases in 2024, while the number of antibiotic prescriptions in older adults either decreased or increased only slightly. Germany and the UK showed continued pediatric antibiotic use increases through 2023. Amoxicillin dominated prescriptions in most countries, but drug choice patterns varied widely by country.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows a clear increase in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions issued across Europe after the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among children and teenagers. Although the overall trends are now starting to level out, some countries still show rising numbers. These findings underscore the importance of a renewed focus on antibiotic stewardship programs, particularly in outpatient and primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus borealis</i> Isolated from Pig Farms: High Prevalence of SCC<i>mec</i> Type V and Emergence of <i>cfr</i>-Positive Isolates.","authors":"Ji Hyun Lim, Ji Heon Park, Gi Yong Lee, Soo-Jin Yang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090910","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of livestock-associated antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, particularly non-<i>aureus</i> staphylococci, has become a major public health problem requiring immediate global attention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 92 <i>Staphylococcus borealis</i> isolates from 20 different pig farms in Korea were examined to determine the following: (1) antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) profiles of the isolates, (2) prevalence of methicillin resistance and staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin resistance gene (SCC<i>mec</i>) types, (3) occurrence of chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene (<i>cfr</i>)-mediated oxazolidinone resistance, and (4) genomic characteristics of <i>cfr</i>-positive methicillin-resistant <i>S. borealis</i> (MRSB) via whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall rate of <i>S. borealis</i> isolation was 9.1% (92 isolates/1009 swabs), and 34.8% (32/92) of the isolates were MRSB. Surprisingly, all 32 MRSB isolates carried SCC<i>mec</i> V for methicillin resistance, and 31/32 MRSB isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. Although 22 <i>cfr</i>-positive <i>S. borealis</i> isolates (20 MRSB and two methicillin-susceptible <i>S. borealis</i>) were identified, most of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid because they carried the 35-bp insertion sequence in the <i>cfr</i> promoter. Moreover, WGS analyses suggested horizontal transmission of SCC<i>mec</i> V and <i>cfr</i>-containing plasmids among different staphylococci species, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, and <i>S. borealis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the AMR characteristics of livestock-associated <i>S. borealis</i> isolates, particularly the high prevalence of SCC<i>mec</i> V and <i>cfr</i>. Collectively, these results suggest that <i>S. borealis</i> is a crucial reservoir of AMR genes on pig farms in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Analytical Methods for Antibiotic Detection in <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> Larvae: A Controlled Feeding Trial.","authors":"Tomke Asendorf, Christine Wind, Andreas Vilcinskas","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090909","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> As edible insects gain importance as sustainable protein sources, their integration into the food system requires that they meet the same safety standards as conventional animal products. This includes systematic testing for residues of pharmacologically active substances, such as antibiotics. To enable such monitoring, validated analytical methods for insect matrices are essential-but currently lacking. This study evaluates whether LC-MS/MS methods already validated for conventional animal products are suitable for detecting antibiotics in edible insects. <b>Methods:</b><i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae were fed wheat flour containing 10 mg of tiamulin or chloramphenicol and 31.3 mg erythromycin per 100 g flour. The antibiotics were mixed into the feed, and their homogeneity and stability were confirmed. After seven days of feeding and a 24-h fasting period, larval samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. <b>Results:</b> All three antibiotics were detected in the insects. After seven days, mealworms contained 6.8 ± 0.3 mg/kg tiamulin, 1.4 ± 0.2 mg/kg chloramphenicol, and 224.5 ± 111 mg/kg erythromycin. Following the 24-hour fasting period, concentrations declined markedly to 0.6 ± 0.03 mg/kg, 0.2 ± 0.002 mg/kg, and 130.5 ± 0.7 mg/kg, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The detection of all three antibiotics demonstrates that existing LC-MS/MS methods can be applied to insect matrices. Owing to the small number of replicates and the exploratory nature of the trial, these residue levels should be interpreted qualitatively as a proof of concept. The study provides a reproducible model for further feeding trials and underscores the need for more comprehensive validation. Potential drivers of antibiotic misuse in insect farming are discussed as a basis for developing and expanding testing methods to ensure the food safety of edible insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Culturing <i>Bacillus</i> Strains for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity.","authors":"Charlie Tran, Russell S Addison, Ian E Cock, Xiaojing Chen, Yunjiang Feng","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090908","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Bacillus</i> probiotic mixtures have been used as a novel source of antimicrobial production. However, there is a need to emphasize the potential of co-cultured <i>Bacillus</i> strains and to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in their combination formulation. <b>Methods</b>: <i>Bacillus</i> strains BPR-11, BPR-16, and BPR-17, were cultured either as mono or multi-cultures. The bacterial growth and density were evaluated by measuring their optical density. The chemical profiles of their bioactive extracts were analysed by LC-MS, and their antimicrobial activity were tested against selected pathogens. <b>Results</b>: Our results reveal that co-cultured strains significantly increased bacterial growth, with an optical density level of, 2.67 which was significantly higher than the monocultures of BPR-11 (2.24), BPR-16 (2.32), and BPR-17 (2.22). Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts from these bacterial cultures showed that the combined co-culture (F1) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 25 µg/mL against <i>C. perfringens</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>, and 50 µg/mL against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>S. enterica</i>. In contrast, the monocultures BPR-16 and BPR-17 showed moderate activity with MICs of 50 µg/mL against <i>C. perfringens</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>, and 100 µg/mL against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>S. enterica</i>. BPR-11 had the lowest antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 100 µg/mL against <i>C. perfringens</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>, and no activity against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>S. enterica</i>. Metabolite profiling showed that the extract from the co-culture had a marked increase in the production of antimicrobial metabolites, including C₁₃-C₁₆ surfactin C. Lastly, the metabolism study of surfactin C analogues suggested that they were highly stable (99%) when incubated with cytochromes P450 over 120 min. <b>Conclusions</b>: Together, these findings highlight the potential for multi-strain co-culturing to develop new antimicrobials and provide valuable insights into the synergistic effects for antimicrobial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}