Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Impact on Antibiotic Use in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: A Comparative Point Prevalence Survey.","authors":"Steward Mudenda, Kenneth Kapolowe, Uchizi Chirwa, Melvin Chanda, Raphael Chanda, Rodney Kalaba, Sombo Fwoloshi, Christabel Phiri, Mukuka Mwamba, Robert Kajaba Chirwa, Kotey Nikoi, Linda Musonda, Kaunda Yamba, Josepsh Yamweka Chizimu, Chitalu Chanda, Tamica Mubanga, Chisha Simutowe, John Kasanga, Mulope Mukanwa, Katongo Hope Mutengo, Philip Matthew, Fabian Maza Arnedo, Jyoti Joshi, Jonathan Mayito, Ruth Nakazwe, Maisa Kasanga, Duncan Chanda","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030284","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) can improve the rational use of antibiotics in hospitals. This study assessed the impact of a multifaceted AMS intervention on antibiotic use and prescribing patterns at three tertiary hospitals in Zambia. <b>Methods:</b> Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) were conducted in three tertiary hospitals in August 2022 and in October 2023. It was part of a 3-year AMS demonstration project that aimed to optimize the use of antibiotics in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bloodstream infections (BSIs) in various health sector settings in Zambia. Up to 170 medical records in 2022 and 265 in 2023 were included in the assessment. <b>Results:</b> Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic use in this PPS was 75%. Eighty-one percent (81%) and 71% of patients assessed were on at least one antibiotic in 2022 and 2023, respectively, indicating a decrease of 10%. Similarly, prescribing ceftriaxone, the most prescribed antibiotic, declined from an average of 48% in 2022 to 38% in 2023. Adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) slightly increased from 42% in 2022 to 45% in 2023. Additionally, antibiotic prescribing was reduced from 1.38 to 1.21. <b>Conclusions:</b> Antimicrobial stewardship had an early positive impact on antibiotic use and adherence to Standard Treatment Guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Megaplasmid-Like pESI Structures Contributing to the Spread of <i>Salmonella</i> Schwarzengrund in Japan.","authors":"Kanako Ishihara, Suzuka Someno, Kaoru Matsui, Chisato Nakazawa, Takahiro Abe, Hayato Harima, Tsutomu Omatsu, Manao Ozawa, Eriko Iwabuchi, Tetsuo Asai","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030288","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance by foodborne pathogens is a serious human health concern. In Japan, combinations of antimicrobial resistance genes in <i>Salmonella</i> from chicken meat were common among several serovars. Therefore, we hypothesized that different <i>S. enterica</i> serovars share a common antimicrobial resistance plasmid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance transfer was tested in <i>S</i>. Infantis and <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund, the major serovars used as donors. The plasmid structure was determined by subjecting <i>S</i>. Infantis Sal_238 and <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund Sal_249 to short- and long-read sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high homology between pSal_249Sch and pSal_238Inf suggests they have a common ancestor. Because the sequences of pSal_238Inf and pSal_249Sch were highly homologous to pESI (a plasmid for emerging <i>S.</i> Infantis), pSal_238Inf and pSal_249Sch were identified as pESI-like plasmids. <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund is the third <i>Salmonella</i> serovar to expand its distribution related to pESI-like plasmid acquisition. Core-genome multilocus sequence-type analysis revealed that <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund isolates with pESI-like plasmids from Japan (core-genome sequence-type [cgST] 167363 and cgST287831), the UK (cgST167363), and the USA (cgST167363, cgST196045, and cgST287831) were closely related; they are also suggested to share a common ancestor. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance was observed in combinations of both serovars. Specifically, the tentative plasmid sequence obtained via short-read sequencing, PCR, and conjugation experiments identified deletions of antimicrobial resistance genes (<i>aadA</i>, <i>sul1</i>, and <i>tetA</i>), class 1 integron, mercury resistance operon, and/or plasmid transfer region in the pESI-like plasmid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data on the structural diversity of pESI-like plasmids suggest that some time has passed since <i>S</i>. Schwarzengrund acquired them.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Hydralazine, an Antihypertensive Drug: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.","authors":"Antônio Mateus Gomes Pereira, Benise Ferreira da Silva, Ingrid Maria Frota Araujo, Francisco Kauê Carvalho Aguiar, Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho, Renata Albuquerque Costa, Marcia Machado Marinho, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, João Victor Serra Nunes, Victor Alves Carneiro, Hélcio Silva Dos Santos","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030286","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a significant challenge to global public health, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, the repurposing of existing drugs has emerged as a promising strategy. In this study, hydralazine (HDZ), a vasodilator used as an antihypertensive since 1952, demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, the antibacterial activity of the antihypertensive hydralazine (HDZ) was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth curve with MIC and sub-MIC doses, combinatorial effect with gentamicin, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), molecular docking, and antibiofilm activity. <b>Results:</b> The MIC and MBC values ranged from 39.5 to 1.250 μg/mL, respectively. A change in the growth kinetics of the strains was observed when exposed to MIC and 1/2 MIC values, with a delay in the phases of up to 12 h. The combinatorial effect with gentamicin demonstrated an additive and indifferent potential when combined with HDZ. <b>Conclusions:</b> Furthermore, hydralazine showed antibiofilm activity against the tested strains, including MRSA. Electron microscopy analysis revealed significant changes in bacterial morphology when exposed to the MIC dose of HDZ for 4 h. The overall results of the study indicate hydralazine as a potential agent in the fight against bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tool for Monitoring of Antimicrobial Use, Animal Disease and Treatment Outcome in Low-Income Countries.","authors":"Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin, Joshua Orungo Onono, Sofia Boqvist, Lawrence Mugisha, Wangoru Kihara, Linnea Lindfors, Kajsa Strandell, Florence Mutua","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030285","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use (AMU) is needed to understand risks and implement policies. Collecting AMU data in the context of disease prevalence and therapeutic outcomes has been suggested for improving AMU. We describe the process of developing an information and communication technology (ICT) system to monitor AMU, diseases and treatment outcomes in poultry in East Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prototype system to register drug sales in veterinary pharmacies, a mobile application for farmers to report their AMU, and a database for monitoring was developed. Contact information for participating veterinarians was included as well as information about poultry diseases, husbandry, AMR and prudent use of antibiotics. The system was pilot-tested for a 6-month period in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15,725 records were submitted by the 14 participating pharmacies and 91 records were entered by the 15 participating farmers. Overall, the participants were positive about the system and were able to use it. The information available was appreciated by the farmers. The pharmacy representatives appreciated getting an overview of their sales and stated that it had given them new insights.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite some challenges, the concept of the developed ICT system could be useful for future monitoring of animal health and the use of pharmaceuticals in animals, and connecting farmers with veterinarians to improve animal health management. Our results underline the importance of close collaboration with stakeholders so that developed tools can be transferred to national ownership after the finalization of externally funded projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Change in Microbial Diversity: Bile Microbiota and Antibiotics Resistance in Patients with Bilio-Pancreatic Tumors: A Retrospective Monocentric Study (2010-2020).","authors":"Paola Di Carlo, Nicola Serra, Consolato Maria Sergi, Francesca Toia, Emanuele Battaglia, Teresa Maria Assunta Fasciana, Vito Rodolico, Anna Giammanco, Giuseppe Salamone, Adriana Cordova, Angela Capuano, Giovanni Francesco Spatola, Ginevra Malta, Antonio Cascio","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030283","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Bilio-pancreatic tumors are a severe form of cancer with a high rate of associated mortality. These patients showed the presence of bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. in the bile-pancreatic tract. Therefore, efficient antibiotic therapy is essential to reduce bacterial resistance and adverse events in cancer patients. Recent studies on the seasonality of infectious diseases may aid in developing effective preventive measures. This study examines the seasonal impact on the bile microbiota composition and the antibiotic resistance of its microorganisms in patients with hepato-pancreatic-biliary cancer. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively evaluated the effect of the seasonally from 149 strains isolated by 90 Italian patients with a positive culture of bile samples collected through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between 2010 and 2020. <b>Results:</b> Across all seasons, the most frequently found bacteria were <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Regarding antibiotic resistance, bacteria showed the highest resistance to 3GC, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam in the summer and the lowest resistance in the spring, except for carbapenems and colistin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Antibiotic resistance has negative effects in cancer patients who rely on antibiotics to prevent and treat infections. Knowing whether bacterial and fungal resistance changes with the seasons is key information to define adequate and more effective antibiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef Cattle Farmers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward On-Farm Biosecurity, Antimicrobial Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Illinois, United States of America.","authors":"Rima Shrestha, Mohammad Nasim Sohail, Csaba Varga","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030282","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Understanding beef cattle farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices on infectious disease prevention, antimicrobial use, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important to developing stewardship programs. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional stratified mail or phone survey of beef cattle producers in Illinois was conducted between June and August 2022. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed the impact of having a biosecurity plan on beef cattle farmers' familiarity with cattle diseases. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between antimicrobial treatment practices and the type of cattle operations. <b>Results</b>: A total of 514 producers responded to all or some of the questions. Only 45% of producers were familiar with AMR, and 11% were concerned about cattle infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Producers agreed or strongly agreed (64%) that inappropriate AMU contributes to the development of AMR. Most producers (70%) thought that antimicrobials were as effective in treating infectious diseases as 5 years ago. Only 50% of farms were visited by a veterinarian in the previous year and 35% had their biosecurity evaluated. Producers were more familiar with infectious diseases if their farm biosecurity was assessed. Treating respiratory infections was the most common reason for antimicrobial use. Compared to cow-calf farmers, whole-cycle farmers had a higher probability of having their farm's biosecurity evaluated (OR = 1.66) and having a veterinarian visit in the previous year (OR = 2.16). Whole-cycle (OR = 3.92) and stocker/backgrounder (OR = 2.18) farmers had a higher probability of treating their cattle with antibiotics than cow-calf farmers. <b>Conclusions</b>: Antimicrobial stewardship and farm biosecurity programs are needed to raise awareness of disease prevention, AMU, and AMR among Illinois beef cattle producers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Analysis of 6222 Bacterial Isolates from Livestock and Food Environments in Spain to Decipher the Antibiotic Resistome.","authors":"Marta Hernández, Álvaro Falcó-Prieto, Maria Ugarte-Ruiz, Pedro Miguela-Villoldo, Alain Ocampo-Sosa, David Abad, Marta Pérez-Sancho, Julio Álvarez, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Mariana Alves Elois, Gislaine Fongaro, Alberto Quesada, Bruno González-Zorn, Lucas Domínguez, José M Eiros, David Rodríguez-Lázaro","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030281","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health and the economy, with projected costs ranging from $300 billion to $1 trillion annually and an estimated 10 million deaths per year by 2050. The food chain, from primary production to retail, represents a critical entry point for antimicrobial resistant bacteria into communities. This underscores the need for a coordinated \"One Health\" approach, integrating efforts in animal production, environmental health, and human healthcare to address this global concern. This study aimed to characterize the global resistome in Spanish primary production by sequencing 6222 bacterial genomes from animal origin. <b>Methods and Results:</b> Whole genome sequencing was performed on bacterial isolates collected from various farms and analyzed using a validated bioinformatic pipeline. The analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species, with <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> being the most prevalent family. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most common species, followed by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. This study identified 1072 antimicrobial resistance genes coding for 43 different classes of resistance, potentially conferring resistance to 81 antimicrobials. Additionally, 79 different plasmid types were detected, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer. <b>Conclusions:</b> The resistome analysis revealed genes conferring resistance to various antibiotic classes, as well as antiseptics, disinfectants, and efflux pump-mediated resistance. This comprehensive characterization of AMR genes circulating in bacteria from primary production provides crucial insights into the ecology of AMR in Spanish livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Early Administration of Clarithromycin or Azithromycin on Symptoms of Pertussis in Infants.","authors":"Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Ileana Croci, Francesco Gesualdo, Carlo Federico Perno, Giulia Linardos, Alberto Villani, Luisa Russo, Ilaria Campagna, Diana Ferro, Elisabetta Pandolfi","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030279","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> A resurgence of pertussis has been observed in several geographic areas in the post-COVID-19 era. Macrolides are the first-choice antibiotics for the treatment of pertussis. Limited data exist on the impact of the early administration of clarithromycin or azithromycin on infants' pertussis symptoms. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study analyzed infants enrolled in an enhanced surveillance program for pertussis at a single Italian clinical reference center between 2015 and 2020. All cases were laboratory-confirmed. This study compared outcomes based on the timing of macrolide antibiotic treatment: early administration (within 7 days of cough onset) versus late administration (8 days or later). Key outcomes included cough duration, symptom frequency, and complication rates. <b>Results</b>: We studied 148 infants with confirmed pertussis. The median duration of coughing was 14 days in infants with early administration and 24 days in those with late administration. The occurrence of symptoms differed for apnea (62.6% for early administration; 84.6% for late administration). In a multivariable Cox model, the duration of the cough was lower in infants receiving antibiotics within 7 days from the beginning of the cough compared with those starting later (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.25-0.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Clarithromycin was associated with a shorter duration of coughing (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.030) independently from other factors. Regarding the occurrence of symptoms, children receiving antibiotics later were three times more likely to experience apnea compared to those treated early (<i>p</i> = 0.008). <b>Conclusions:</b> Early treatment with clarithromycin or azithromycin for infants with pertussis improves clinical symptoms. Clarithromycin may be more effective than azithromycin in shortening coughing. The early administration of antibiotics may also help prevent the spread of disease during the resurgence of pertussis and should be considered regardless of the laboratory confirmation, while taking into account the potential side effects of an unnecessary therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic Compounds from <i>Pyrus communis</i> Residues: Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action and Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Jessica Ribeiro, Vanessa Silva, Gilberto Igrejas, Lillian Barros, Sandrina A Heleno, Filipa S Reis, Patrícia Poeta","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030280","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The food industry produces substantial amounts of fruit byproducts, which are often discarded despite their high content of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. <i>Pyrus communis</i> (pear) residues, which are particularly rich in phenolic compounds, represent a valuable yet underutilized resource. These byproducts have demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties, suggesting their potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenolic profile of <i>P. communis</i> byproducts, emphasizing their antioxidant and antibacterial mechanisms and their prospective use in combating oxidative stress and antibacterial resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of the key phenolic compounds from <i>P. communis</i> residues was conducted using ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases (from 2014 to 2024). Studies assessing antioxidant and antibacterial activities were reviewed, with a focus on their mechanisms of action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A minimum of 14 distinct phenolic compounds were identified among <i>P. communis</i> residues. However, chlorogenic acid and catechin were identified as the primary contributors to the antioxidant activity of <i>P. communis</i> residues. Hydroquinone and chlorogenic acid exhibited strong antibacterial effects through membrane disruption, enzyme inhibition, and metabolic interference. Despite this potential, hydroquinone's cytotoxicity and regulatory concerns limit its direct pharmaceutical application.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While <i>P. communis</i> phenolics show promise as natural antibacterial agents, future research should address bioavailability, extraction standardization, and safe formulation strategies. Investigating their synergy with conventional antibiotics and improving stability for cosmetic applications are key steps toward their practical use. In vivo and clinical studies are crucial to validating their therapeutic potential and ensuring regulatory approval.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Educational Films on Antiviral Prescription for COVID-19: Insights from Web-Based Survey in Japan.","authors":"Kosaku Komiya, Akihiko Hagiwara, Yuichiro Shindo, Kazufumi Takamatsu, Naoki Nishimura, Yukako Takechi, Eiki Ichihara, Takahiro Takazono, Shinyu Izumi, Shimpei Gotoh, Seiichiro Sakao, Takehiro Izumo, Kazuko Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yatera, Hiroshi Kakeya, Yoko Shibata, Keisuke Tomii, Hironori Sagara, Yuka Sasaki, Toyohiro Hirai, Akihito Yokoyama, Hiroshi Mukae, Takashi Ogura","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14030276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14030276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Prescribing antiviral agents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires careful consideration based on the patient's risk factors for severe disease progression and their vaccination status. However, effective interventions ensuring the appropriate use of antiviral agents by physicians have yet to be fully established. Thus, this study evaluated the impact of an educational film on antiviral prescription rates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). <b>Methods:</b> This prospective, nationwide, web-based survey enrolled 1500 physicians. They were instructed to view a short educational film and assess the necessity of prescribing antiviral agents in 16 fictitious scenarios featuring adult patients with COVID-19 with varying risk factors for severe disease and vaccination statuses. We compared the antiviral prescription rates before and after viewing the educational film. <b>Results:</b> There was a significant increase in the antiviral prescription rates after viewing the educational film, particularly nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescribed in cases involving immunocompromised patients (from 31.3% to 49.4%) and those with obesity (from 15.1% to 33.7%) who were unvaccinated and had no risk of drug interactions. However, viewing the educational film made little to no impact on the prescription rates for the patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia or those with no underlying conditions. <b>Conclusions:</b> Short educational films may promote the appropriate use of antiviral agents for COVID-19. However, their impact on altering prescription behavior appears limited and varies according to the clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}