Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Distribution Patterns of Pathogens Causing Respiratory Infections in Lung Retransplant Recipients.","authors":"Min Han, Jae Hoon Kim, Ala Woo, Song Yee Kim, Young Ho Yang, Ha Eun Kim, Jin Gu Lee, Moo Suk Park, Su Jin Jeong","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090927","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: With advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapies, lung retransplantation has become a viable option for patients experiencing graft failure. However, retransplantation is associated with inferior clinical outcomes, and infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in lung retransplant recipients. <i>Objectives</i>: This study examined clinical characteristics, outcomes, and microbial spectra of respiratory infections in lung retransplant recipients. <i>Methods</i>: This retrospective case-control study, conducted at two tertiary care centers, included 10 lung retransplant patients and 20 matched primary lung transplant patients. Respiratory pathogens identified using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were compared between two groups over a two-year post-transplantation period. <i>Results</i>: Pulmonary hypertension was more prevalent in the retransplant group (<i>p</i> = 0.030). Five-year mortality and infection-related mortality were higher in the retransplant group (both <i>p</i> = 0.015), along with longer hospital and intensive care unit stays (<i>p</i> = 0.035 and 0.017, respectively). BAL cultures revealed distinct temporal patterns: <i>Elizabethkingia</i> predominated early (31.6% within 1 month) in the retransplant group, with <i>Pseudomonas</i> increasing gradually. The primary transplant group demonstrated a more heterogeneous distribution, with <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i> detected early. <i>Conclusions</i>: Retransplant recipients exhibited worse clinical outcomes and a distinct temporal distribution of respiratory pathogens. Particularly, the high incidence of <i>Elizabethkingia</i> in lung retransplant recipients highlights the need for center-specific infection surveillance and tailored preventive strategies to improve retransplantation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in Penicillin Non-Susceptibility in Group B Streptococci Alongside Rising Isolation Rates-Based on 24 Years of Clinical Data from a Single University Hospital.","authors":"Sunghwan Shin, Dong Hee Whang, Tae-Hyun Um, Chong Rae Cho, Jeonghyun Chang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090928","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (Group B Streptococci, GBS) is Gram-positive, beta-hemolytic coccus known to be transmitted by vertical transmission in neonates during birth with neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. In adults, particularly the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus, GBS can also cause pneumonia and sepsis. Penicillin is the drug of choice, and GBS is generally susceptible to this antibiotic. This study investigates trends in GBS isolation rates and penicillin non-susceptibility over time at a university hospital. <b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed 24 years (2000-2023) of microbiological data from Ilsan Paik Hospital to investigate trends in GBS isolation and penicillin susceptibility. Isolates were identified and tested using the Vitek 2 system, following CLSI guidelines. WHONET 2023 was used for data aggregation and analysis. Trends were analyzed by dividing the study period into three intervals: Period 1 (2000-2009), Period 2 (2010-2019), and Period 3 (2020-2023). Antimicrobial susceptibility rates for total GBS and PCN-NS GBS (penicillin non-susceptible group B Streptococcus) were compared using chi-square tests. <b>Results</b>: Among 257,884 total isolates, 3003 (1.16%) were GBS, and 29 (0.97%) were PCN-NS. GBS and PCN-NS isolation rates increased significantly across the three periods (<i>p</i> = 0.0001 and <i>p</i> = 0.009, respectively). PCN-NS GBS showed reduced susceptibility to all tested antimicrobials, with no drug showing higher susceptibility compared to total GBS. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study demonstrates a statistically significant rise in both GBS isolation rate and penicillin non-susceptibility over time. Given the emergence of multidrug-resistant GBS strains, susceptibility testing and interdisciplinary collaboration between microbiologists and clinicians are critical to guiding effective antimicrobial therapy and preventing neonatal and adult GBS infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Prolonged Antibiotic Administration in Culture-Negative Evaluations of Early-Onset Neonatal Meningitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Rowan Mesilhy, Ibrahim Safra, Shaikha Alnaimi, Ala Ali, Rayan Terkawi, Mohammed Gaffari, Talal Alhendawi, Anvar P Vellamgot, Ashraf Gad","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090925","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Early-onset neonatal meningitis (EONM) is a rare but serious condition where antibiotics are often given for extended periods, even without a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. The reasons for this prolonged treatment are unknown. <b>Methodology:</b> This study, conducted at the Women's Wellness and Research Center, Doha, retrospectively analyzed the determinants of prolonged antibiotic therapy among neonates with sterile CSF cultures during the first week of life, born during 2015 to 2018. <b>Results:</b> Of 315 neonates without confirmed meningitis, 96 (30.5%) received prolonged antibiotic therapy. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (2790 g vs. 3170 g) and gestational ages (36.7 weeks vs. 38.5 weeks). They were more likely to require respiratory support, appear ill, and have laboratory abnormalities, including neutropenia, positive blood cultures (36.5% vs. 0.9%), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and higher CSF protein. Multivariable analysis identified low Apgar scores (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 2.82), positive blood cultures (aOR, 118.48), traumatic lumbar puncture (LP) (aOR, 2.14), CRP levels ≥ 50 mg/L (aOR, 2.60), delayed LP (OR, 8.28), and elevated cerebrospinal fluid white cell counts (aOR, 5.47) as independent predictors of prolonged antibiotic use. <b>Conclusions:</b> Prolonged antibiotic use in neonates with sterile CSF cultures and suspected EONS is common and may be driven by certain clinical and laboratory indicators of illness severity and inflammation. Identifying these predictors can support risk-stratified treatment decisions, promoting safer antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Profiling Reveals Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from Hong Kong Wet Markets.","authors":"Wing Yui Ngan, Subramanya Rao, Aster Hei Yiu Fung, Olivier Habimana","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090922","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a highly dangerous microorganism that presents significant challenges to effectively eliminate in food production facilities, making it a serious and urgent public health concern. The wet markets of Hong Kong represent a considerable yet insufficiently explored source for the spread of microorganisms. <b>Methods:</b> This investigation employed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics to assess the genomic variation and adaptive traits of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> extracted from wooden cutting boards in these marketplaces. We examined four wet market isolates in conjunction with 39 publicly accessible genomes from diverse origins. <b>Results:</b> Pan-genome analysis revealed a diverse and open genetic structure significantly shaped by horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic reconstruction did not categorize the wet market isolates into a singular clade, indicating varied contamination sources; nonetheless, certain market isolates exhibited close phylogenetic affiliations with high-risk clinical clones, implying possible spillover events. These isolates exhibited a concerning variety of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), chiefly encoding efflux pumps (acrAB, oqxAB), which confer resistance to numerous drug categories. Moreover, the evaluation for pathogenicity attributes uncovered genes associated with robust biofilm development (fim and mrk operons) and efficient iron procurement strategies. <b>Conclusions:</b> The existence of these genetically adaptable isolates, possessing multidrug resistance and virulence factors, renders wet markets potential amplifiers and reservoirs for the spread of resistant pathogens. These findings present the initial genomic evidence of such risks in Hong Kong's wet markets and emphasize the immediate necessity for improved hygiene protocols and comprehensive One Health surveillance to reduce transmission at the human-animal-environment interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Quazi et al. The Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Through the Application of Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions. <i>Antibiotics</i> 2023, <i>12</i>, 849.","authors":"Sameer Quazi, Maliha Tabassum Rashid, Javid Ahmad Malik, Shreelaxmi Gavas","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090921","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Antibiotics</i> Editorial Office retracts the paper \"The Discovery of Novel Antimicrobial Agents through the Application of Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, and Gentamicin Against <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> Strains: An In Vitro Checkerboard Analysis and In Vivo Interaction with Bioactive Glass Using <i>Galleria mellonella</i>.","authors":"Mariana Neri Lucas Kurihara, Isabelle Frois Brasil, Mayara Muniz de Andrade Silva, Mauro Jose Salles","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090923","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> is increasingly recognized as a relevant pathogen in orthopaedic implant-associated infections, yet treatment strategies remain largely empirical. With rising antimicrobial resistance and scarce data on drug interactions, optimizing targeted therapies is essential. This preclinical study investigated the efficacy and synergism of vancomycin (VA), gentamicin (GEN), and ceftriaxone (CTX) against two clinical phylotype IB strains from orthopaedic infections and the reference strain <i>C. acnes</i> ATCC 6919, using both in vitro and in vivo models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using broth microdilution following BrCAST guidelines. Synergistic activity was assessed using the checkerboard assay and interpreted via fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs). The in vivo efficacy of antibiotic combinations with bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG) was evaluated in the <i>Galleria mellonella</i> infection model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All <i>C. acnes</i> strains exhibited uniformly low MICs. Synergistic activity was observed for CTX combined with GEN in strain 2 (FICI range 0.25-0.37), while partial synergy was detected for CTX with GEN in strain 1 (FICI ≈ 0.56-0.63), and for CTX combined with VA in the ATCC strain (FICI = 0.66). All other combinations demonstrated indifferent interactions. In the <i>G. mellonella</i> model, a high bacterial inoculum (OD₆₀₀ of 3.0) was needed to establish an infection. For all strains tested, the use of antibiotics in combination with BAG improved larval survival. For the clinical strains, the combination of CTX + GEN + BAG and BAG alone demonstrated greater efficacy in promoting larval survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acombination of a cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside, particularly when incorporated into a biomaterial matrix, enhances antimicrobial activity against both clinical and reference strains of <i>C. acnes</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Antimicrobial Peptides from Marine Invertebrates: A Comprehensive Review of Antimicrobial Discovery.","authors":"Md Abu Kawsar, Chengqing Zhao, Fan Mao, Ziniu Yu, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090924","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unlike other animals, marine invertebrates lack an adaptive immune system and instead rely on innate immunity as their first line of defense. A key component of this innate response is the production of biologically active molecules, particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which offer promising solutions to the escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review comprehensively examines the sources, structural diversity, mechanisms of action, biological functions, and therapeutic potential of AMPs derived from a wide range of marine invertebrate phyla. These evolutionarily conserved peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, and even anticancer activities. The review also summarizes strategies for AMP isolation and production, ranging from natural extraction to recombinant expression and chemical synthesis, and outlines their potential biotechnological applications. Furthermore, we highlight the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in accelerating AMP discovery, design, and production, including predictive modeling, de novo peptide generation, and optimization workflows. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in large-scale production, pharmacokinetic characterization, and functional validation. Addressing these gaps through integrative omics, structural biology, and AI-driven innovation will be crucial for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of marine invertebrate AMPs in combating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Earth-One Health to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance Having a Dual Mutation Pattern, Based on the Robust Self-Regulation and Perpetual Reconstruction of Ecosystems.","authors":"Ganjun Yuan, Jianing Hu, Meifang Zhang, Xingguyue Chen, Yumei Luo","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090920","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a grave threat to human health, and a One Earth-One Health (OE-OH) concept was proposed for addressing this challenge in 2024. Here, this concept was systematically defined, clarified, and refined, for better understanding, interpreting related results, and taking some measures to combat the crisis. <b>Methods</b>: Using logical reasoning and deductive methods, a dual mutation pattern was put forward for microbial resistance, adhering to the principle of parsimony and integrating Lamarckian, Darwinian, and Niche construction theories, and the evolutionary origins of current AMR were schematically presented. Subsequently, its theoretical foundation, together with a fundamental mathematical model, was defined and clarified based on the robust self-regulation and perpetual reconstruction of ecosystems, and then the generation, dissemination, and elimination of AMR and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were sorted out and elucidated from abiotic and biotic factors. Finally, learning from the approach of problem management, some crucial measures are suggested for the research and development, application, and management of antibiotics, emphasizing the key role of simulating and utilizing the self-regulation of ecosystems. <b>Results</b>: A dual mutation pattern of microbial resistance and the evolutionary origins of current AMR was put forward. The theoretical foundation of the OE-OH concept, together with a fundamental mathematical model, was presented. Some unique perspectives, such as the emergence of AMR and ARGs 3.5 billion years ago and their ubiquity across the globe prior to antibiotic use, were clarified. Moreover, some crucial measures are proposed for addressing AMR. <b>Conclusions</b>: It is essential to implement the OH Joint Plan of Action from the OE-OH perspective, strongly emphasizing the key role of simulating and utilizing the self-regulation of ecosystems on addressing AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on the Epidemiology of Carbapenem Resistance.","authors":"Aikaterini Sakagianni, Christina Koufopoulou, Petros Koufopoulos, Georgios Feretzakis, Vasiliki Koumaki","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090916","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems, inadvertently influencing the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Among the most critical AMR threats are carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), which include carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. This review explores the pandemic's impact on carbapenem resistance patterns worldwide. <b>Objectives</b>: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on carbapenem resistance trends, identify key drivers, and discuss implications for clinical practice and public health policy. <b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, national surveillance reports, and WHO/ECDC data from 2019 to 2025 was conducted, with emphasis on hospital-acquired infections, antimicrobial use, and infection control practices during the pandemic. <b>Results</b>: The pandemic has led to increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, including carbapenems, often in the absence of confirmed bacterial co-infections. Overwhelmed healthcare systems and disruptions in infection prevention and control (IPC) measures have facilitated the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms, particularly in intensive care settings. Surveillance data from multiple countries show a measurable increase in CRO prevalence during the pandemic period, with regional variations depending on healthcare capacity and stewardship infrastructure. <b>Conclusions</b>: COVID-19 has accelerated the emergence and dissemination of carbapenem resistance, underscoring the need for resilient antimicrobial stewardship and IPC programs even during public health emergencies. Integrating pandemic preparedness with AMR mitigation strategies is critical for preventing further escalation of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Powered Embedded System for Rapid Detection of Veterinary Antibiotic Residues in Food-Producing Animals.","authors":"Ximing Li, Lanqi Chen, Qianchao Wang, Mengting Zhou, Jingheng Long, Xi Chen, Jiangsan Zhao, Junjun Yu, Yubin Guo","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics14090917","DOIUrl":"10.3390/antibiotics14090917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Veterinary antibiotics are widely used in food-producing animals, raising public health concerns due to drug residues and the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Rapid and reliable detection systems are critical to ensure food safety and regulatory compliance. Colloidal gold immunoassay (CGIA)-based antigen-antibody test cards are widely used in food safety for the rapid screening of veterinary antibiotic residues. However, manual interpretation of test cards remains inefficient and inconsistent. <b>Methods:</b> To address this, we propose a complete AI-based detection system for veterinary antibiotic residues. The system is built on the Rockchip RK3568 platform and integrates a five-megapixel OV5640 autofocus USB camera (60° field of view) with a COB LED strip (6000 K, rated 5 W/m). It enables high-throughput, automated interpretation of colloidal gold test cards and can generate structured detection reports for regulatory documentation and quality control. The core challenge lies in achieving accurate and fast inference on resource-constrained embedded devices, where traditional detection networks often struggle to balance model size and performance. To this end, we propose VetStar, a lightweight detection algorithm specifically optimized for this task. VetStar integrates StarBlock, a shallow feature extractor, and Depthwise Separable-Reparameterization Detection Head (DR-head), a compact, partially decoupled detection head that accelerates inference while preserving accuracy. <b>Results:</b> Despite its compact size, with only 0.04 M parameters and 0.3 GFLOPs, VetStar maintains strong performance after distillation with the Bridging Cross-task Protocol Inconsistency Knowledge Distillation (BCKD) method. For our custom Veterinary Drug Residue Rapid Test Card (VDR-RTC) dataset, it achieves an mAP50 of 97.4 and anmAP50-95of 89.5. When deployed on the RK3568 device, it delivers results in just 5.4 s-substantially faster than comparable models. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results highlight the system's strong potential for high-throughput, cost-effective, and rapid veterinary antibiotic residue screening, supporting food safety surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}