Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health.","authors":"Onyinye Victoria Ifedinezi, Nnabueze Darlington Nnaji, Christian Kosisochukwu Anumudu, Chiemerie Theresa Ekwueme, Chijioke Christopher Uhegwu, Francis Chukwuebuka Ihenetu, Promiselynda Obioha, Blessing Oteta Simon, Precious Somtochukwu Ezechukwu, Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health issue, aggravated by antibiotic overuse and misuse in human medicine, animal care, and agriculture. This study looks at the different mechanisms that drive AMR, such as environmental contamination, horizontal gene transfer, and selective pressure, as well as the severe implications of AMR for human and animal health. This study demonstrates the need for concerted efforts across the scientific, healthcare, agricultural, and policy sectors to control the emergence of AMR. Some crucial strategies discussed include developing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs, encouraging targeted narrow-spectrum antibiotic use, and emphasizing the significance of strict regulatory frameworks and surveillance systems, like the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) and the Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. This study also emphasizes the need for national and international action plans in combating AMR and promotes the One Health strategy, which unifies environmental, animal, and human health. This study concludes that preventing the spread of AMR and maintaining the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and internationally coordinated strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Infection of Four New Bacteriophages Infecting a <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Strain.","authors":"João Duarte, David Trindade, Vanessa Oliveira, Newton C M Gomes, Ricardo Calado, Carla Pereira, Adelaide Almeida","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria from genus Vibrio continue to be one of the most common threats to aquaculture sustainability. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. have been associated with infectious outbreaks in fish, shrimp, bivalves and even algae farms worldwide. Moreover, several <i>Vibrio</i> spp. are also pathogens that impact human health and are a threat to public health when transferred to consumers through contaminated seafood products. The use of bacteriophages is an evolving technology that could be applied in the treatment of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. either to protect aquaculture farms or to decontaminate seafood, namely bivalves during their depuration. In the present study, bacteriophages vB_VpS_LMAVpS1 (S1) vB_VpS_LMAVpVPP (VPP), vB_VpS_LMAVpSH (SH) and vB_VpS_LMAVpH (H) infecting <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were isolated and characterized. All phages presented fast adsorption rates and were able to control <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> at all multiplicity of infections (MOIs) tested (MOI of 1, 10 and 100), with reductions of more than 4 log CFU/mL being recorded, but only in the presence of divalent cation calcium. The rate of emergence of phage-resistant mutants was very low (1.8 × 10^-6 to 3.1 × 10^-6). Bacterial phage resistance was not permanent and led to a loss of bacterial fitness. All four phages presented with lysins encoded in their genomes. The results presented provide valuable insights for future studies in the application of these bacteriophages in different scenarios to control, decontaminate or treat bacterial infections or contaminations of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Urban Pollution on Plasmid-Mediated Resistance Acquisition in Enterobacteria from a Tropical River.","authors":"Bradd Mendoza-Guido, Kenia Barrantes, César Rodríguez, Keilor Rojas-Jimenez, Maria Arias-Andres","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The exposure of environmental bacteria to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems accelerates the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we sampled three locations along a contamination gradient of a polluted river, focusing on isolating Enterobacteria from the surface waters to investigate the relationship between urban pollution and antibiotic resistance. The genomes of 15 isolates (5 per site) were sequenced to identify plasmid-borne ARGs and their association with resistance phenotypes. <b>Results:</b> Isolates from the site with the highest contamination (Site 3) showeda larger number of ARGs, plasmids, and resistance phenotypes. Notably, one of the isolates analyzed, <i>E. coli</i> A231-12, exhibited phenotypic resistance to seven antibiotics, presumably conferred by a single plasmid carrying 12 ARGs. Comparative analysis of this plasmid revealed its close evolutionary relationship with another IncH plasmid hosted by <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, underscoring its high ARG burden in the aquatic environment. Other plasmids identified in our isolates carried <i>sul</i> and <i>dfrA</i> genes, conferring resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, a commonly prescribed antibiotic combination in clinical settings. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results highlight the critical need to expand research on the link between pollution and plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in aquatic ecosystems, which can act as reservoirs of ARGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Copper Ion Treatment on Bacteria and Antibiotic Residues Contained in Bovine Waste Milk.","authors":"Fernando Ulloa, Martina Penati, Constanza Naegel, Carlos Tejeda, Miguel Hernández-Agudelo, Pamela Steuer, Miguel Salgado","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Waste milk harbors many bacteria and antibiotic residues. Calves fed with untreated waste milk have a higher incidence of scours and an increased risk of developing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with copper ions on bacteria and antibiotics contained in bovine waste milk. <b>Methods</b>: Waste milk samples were collected from a dairy farm for seven weeks and were subjected to treatment with copper ions. Total bacterial counts, coliforms, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> were assessed before and after treatment. Additionally, metagenomic analysis was performed to determine microbial diversity. <b>Results</b>: Before treatment, the total bacterial count average was 4.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL, 1.7 × 10⁴ CFU/mL for coliforms, 2.6 × 10⁶ CFU/mL for <i>Streptococcus</i>, and 5.4 × 10² CFU/mL for <i>Staphylococcus</i> Copper treatment significantly reduced bacterial counts within 15 min. Total bacteria decreased from 4.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL to 1.1 × 10² CFU/mL after 30 min; meanwhile, other groups were not detected. The most abundant groups were <i>Lactococcus</i> (29.94%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> (28.89%), and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (21.19%). Beta-lactams were detected in five-sevenths samples, and in one sample they were detected before and at 15 min of treatment but not after 30 min. <b>Conclusions</b>: The effect of treatment with copper ions on the different bacterial groups was significantly effective but showed limited effect on the detection of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and Synergy Assessment of Antimicrobial Combinations.","authors":"Aurora Luna-De-Alba, Samantha Flores-Treviño, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz, Juan Francisco Contreras-Cordero, Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>A. baumannii</i> is a prominent nosocomial pathogen due to its drug-resistant phenotype, representing a public health problem. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of different antimicrobial combinations against selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensive drug-resistant (XDR) isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i>. <b>Methods</b>: MDR or XDR <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were characterized by assessing genes associated with drug resistance, efflux pumps, porin expression, and biofilm formation. The activities of antimicrobial combinations including tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, meropenem, levofloxacin, and colistin were evaluated using checkerboard and time-to-kill assays on isolates with different susceptibility profiles and genetic characteristics. <b>Results</b>: Genetic characterization of MDR/XDR strains (<i>n</i> = 100) included analysis of OXA-24/40 gene carbapenemase (98%), genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (44%), and <i>parC</i> gene mutations (10%). AdeIJK, AdeABC, and AdeFGH efflux pumps were overexpressed in 17-34% of isolates. Omp33-36, OmpA, and CarO membrane porins were under-expressed in 50-76% of isolates; CarO was overexpressed in 22% of isolates. Isolates showed low biofilm production (11%). Synergistic activity was observed with levofloxacin-ampicillin/sulbactam and meropenem-colistin, which were able to inhibit bacterial growth. <b>Conclusions</b>: Genetic characteristics of <i>A. baumannii</i> were highly variable among the strains. Synergistic activity was observed with meropenem-colistin and levofloxacin-ampicillin/sulbactam combinations in the checkerboard method, but not in the time-to-kill assays. These discrepancies among both methods indicate that further studies are needed to determine the best therapeutic combination for treating infections by <i>A. baumannii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Care Bundle on the Rate of Blood Culture Contamination in a General Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Fani Veini, Michael Samarkos, Pantazis-Michael Voutsinas, Anastasia Kotanidou","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/objectives</b>: Blood culture (BC) contamination is a frequent problem which leads to increased laboratory workload, inappropriate use of antibiotics and the associated adverse events, and increased healthcare costs. This study prospectively examined the effect of a care bundle on BC contamination rates in a high workload ICU. <b>Results:</b> During the study, in total, 4236 BC vials were collected. After the intervention, the BC contamination rate decreased significantly from 6.2% to 1.3%. The incidence rate of contaminated BC sets was significantly lower following the intervention: 0.461 vs. 0.154 BC sets per 100 ICU bed-days. Overall compliance with the BC care bundle increased dramatically from 3.4% to 96.9%. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a before-after study in a general ICU from January 2018 to May 2019, with the intervention starting on November 2018. Blood culture sets were classified as positive, contaminated, indeterminate, and negative. We used bivariate and interrupted time series analysis to assess the effect of the intervention on BC contamination rates and other BC quality indicators. <b>Conclusions:</b> The BC care bundle was effective in reducing BC contamination rates and improving several quality indicators in our setting. The indeterminate BC rate is an important but understudied problem, and we suggest that it should be included in BC quality indicators as well. A significant limitation of the study was that the long-term effect of the intervention was not assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Antibacterial Efficacy: Combining Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Efflux Pump Inhibitors and Other Agents Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.","authors":"Maša Zorman, Maja Kokot, Irena Zdovc, Lidija Senerovic, Mina Mandic, Nace Zidar, Andrej Emanuel Cotman, Martina Durcik, Lucija Peterlin Mašič, Nikola Minovski, Marko Anderluh, Martina Hrast Rambaher","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) developed in our laboratory show potent on-target enzyme inhibition but suffer from low activity against Gram-negative bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With the aim of improving the antibacterial activity of our compounds against Gram-negative bacteria, we tested them in combination with different efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), a strategy that showed promise in several other classes of antimicrobials. We also investigated the combined effect of NBTIs with ATP-competitive inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases (ACIs), as well as the antibiofilm properties of our compounds and the combination with EPIs against early and mature <i>Acietobacter baumannii</i> biofilm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrate that combinations of NBTIs with EPI Phenylalanine-arginyl-β-naphthylamide significantly reduce the corresponding NBTIs' minimal inhibitory concentration values and show potentiation of <i>A. baumannii</i> biofilm inhibition as compared to NBTIs alone. Although combinations of NBITs and ACIs did not show synergistic effects, the FIC index value calculations revealed additive effects for all the combinations of a selected NBTI in combination with three ACIs in all the assayed Gram-negative bacteria from the ESKAPE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results show for the first time that combinations of NBTIs with either EPIs or a different class of the topoisomerase inhibitors may be a beneficial strategy to combat difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of 2,4-Di-<i>tert</i>-Butylphenol as an Antimicrobial Agent Against <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> Bacteria from Rwandan Propolis.","authors":"Florent Rouvier, Lydia Abou, Emmanuel Wafo, Perrine Andre, Julien Cheyrol, Mohamed-Mohsen Khacef, Claude Nappez, Hubert Lepidi, Jean Michel Brunel","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Acne is the most prevalent dermatological condition among humans, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents during puberty. To date, numerous compounds have been used for acne treatment, including erythromycin ointments and antiseptics, with varying degrees of success. The emergence of erythromycin-resistant <i>C. acnes</i> strains has spurred the search for new antimicrobial agents, particularly from natural sources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Propolis collected in Rwanda was extracted and fractionated by flash chromatography and tested against <i>C. acnes</i> growth by using NCLSI recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our research, we identified a molecule, 2,4-Di-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) which inhivbited the <i>C. acnes</i> growth at a concentration of 16 µg/mL. Based on these results, we formulated an ointment (1%) using OFAP18 and petroleum jelly for the potential treatment of acne using a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that 2,4-DTBP has anti-inflammatory properties and could effectively manage the overgrowth of <i>C. acnes</i> as well as serve as a potent alternative for the formulation of an active propolis ointment for acne treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of a Novel <i>Escherichia</i> Bacteriophage with Potential to Control Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Biofilms.","authors":"Phitchayapak Wintachai, Fahsai Thaion, Martha R J Clokie, Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) infection is a significant problem for the global chicken industry, as it decreases animal welfare and is associated with substantial economic losses. Traditionally, APEC infections have been controlled through the use of antibiotics, which has led to an increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>E. coli</i>. Therefore, developing alternative treatments for APEC infection is crucial. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, an <i>Escherichia</i> phage specific to multidrug-resistant (MDR) APEC, designated as phage vB_EcoP_PW8 (phage vECPW8), was isolated. The morphology, phage adsorption to host cells, one-step growth curve, thermal stability, pH stability, whole-genome sequencing, antibacterial ability, and antibiofilm efficacy of phage vECPW8 were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results demonstrated that phage vECPW8 has a <i>Podoviridae</i> morphology and is effective at lysing bacteria. Phage vECPW8 exhibited a high absorption rate to bacterial cells (more than 85% within 10 min) and had a latent period of 20 min, with a burst size of 143 plaque-forming units per cell. Additionally, phage vECPW8 showed good temperature and pH stability. The phage displayed strong antibacterial activity in vitro, and its efficacy in controlling bacteria was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the phage has a linear genome with 69,579 base pairs. The genome analysis supported the safety of the phage, as no toxin, virulence, or resistance-related genes were detected. Phage vECPW8 was identified as a novel lytic phage in the <i>Gamaleyavirus</i> genus and <i>Schitoviridae</i> family. The phage also demonstrated antibiofilm efficacy by reducing and preventing biofilm formation, as evidenced by biofilm biomass and bacterial cell viability measurements. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results indicate that phage vECPW8 is a promising candidate for the effective treatment of MDR APEC infections in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Mechanism of Action of AMPs from Amphibians to Identify Bacterial Protein Targets for Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Carolina Canè, Lidia Tammaro, Angela Duilio, Angela Di Somma","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13111076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from amphibians represent a promising source of novel antibacterial agents due to their potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which positions them as valid alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms through which amphibian-derived AMPs exert their effects against bacterial pathogens. We focus on the identification of bacterial protein targets implicated in the action of these peptides and on biological processes altered by the effect of AMPs. By examining recent advances in countering multidrug-resistant bacteria through multi-omics approaches, we elucidate how AMPs interact with bacterial membranes, enter bacterial cells, and target a specific protein. We discuss the implications of these interactions in developing targeted therapies and overcoming antibiotic resistance (ABR). This review aims to integrate the current knowledge on AMPs' mechanisms, identify gaps in our understanding, and propose future directions for research to harness amphibian AMPs in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}