Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Fluorescent Chitosan-Europium hydroxyapatite beads for drug delivery","authors":"Joana Bahamonde-Duarte ,&nbsp;Sarah Briceño ,&nbsp;Karla Vizuete ,&nbsp;Alexis Debut ,&nbsp;Luis J. Borrero-González ,&nbsp;Gema González","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescent Chitosan-Europium-doped hydroxyapatite beads (HAp:xEu<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>/CS with 0 <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> x <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 0.2) were synthesized for the delivery of ciprofloxacin as a model drug. Europium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and thermally treated at 600 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup><mtext>C</mtext></mrow></math></span> for 2 h. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were combined with chitosan to form the beads. The beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Chitosan-Europium-doped hydroxyapatite beads reduce the initial burst release of ciprofloxacin and extend the release period, making the beads suitable for sustained potential drug delivery applications. The results reveal that the fluorescence and emission properties were enhanced by the interaction of ciprofloxacin with the beads. These beads offer a combination of optical properties and prolonged ciprofloxacin release with several advantages over conventional immediate-release formulations that could improve therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-density functionalized amorphous carbon nanofoam as binder-free Thin-film Supercapacitor electrode","authors":"Subrata Ghosh ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Righi ,&nbsp;Andrea Macrelli ,&nbsp;Francesco Goto ,&nbsp;Marco Agozzino ,&nbsp;Gianlorenzo Bussetti ,&nbsp;Valeria Russo ,&nbsp;Andrea Li Bassi ,&nbsp;Carlo S. Casari","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoporous carbon materials containing small domains of <em>sp</em>²-carbon with highly disordered structures are promising for supercapacitor applications. Herein, we synthesize amorphous carbon nanofoam with 98% volumetric void fraction and low mass density of around 30 mg/cm³ by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. With the unavoidable oxygen functional groups on the nanoporous surface, carbon nanofoam and nitrogen-functionalized carbon nanofoams are directly grown on the desired substrate under different background gases (Ar, N₂, N₂_<img>H₂)_, and employed as supercapacitor electrodes. Among the background gases used in synthesis, the use of nitrogen yields nanofoam with higher thickness and more N-content with higher graphitic-N. From the test of amorphous carbon nanofoam supercapacitor device, nitrogenated amorphous carbon electrode shows a higher areal capacitance of 4.1 mF/cm² at 20 mV/s in aqueous electrolyte, a better capacitance retention at higher current, and excellent cycle stability (98%) over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles are achieved compared to not-functionalized counterpart prepared under Ar background gas (2.7 mF/cm² and cycle stability of 88%).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-energy consumption rapid synthesis of high-fluorescence nitrogen-doped carbon dots at room temperature using a combusted shrimp shell combined solution and application to catechins detection","authors":"Yi Chen Huang,&nbsp;Jun Yi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shrimp shells are used as the carbon and nitrogen source to produce high-fluorescence nitrogen-carbon dots at room temperature by employing a cutting process based on NaCl crystals without added nitrogen-doped agents. The synthesis process is rapid (&lt;5 min) and easy. The synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) are characterized using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The synthesized NCDs exhibit high fluorescence and are effectively used in the instant and fast detection of tea freshness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented MR of half-metallic ferromagnetic CrO2 based thin films & spin-controlled device in SWCNT-FET architecture","authors":"Sudhanshu Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Somnath Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spin-controlled device in single-walled carbon nanotube-field effect transistor (<strong>SWCNT-FET)</strong> architecture are patterned by the combinatorial lithographic techniques that are made-up of the chromium oxides electrodes comprising of half-metal <strong>CrO₂</strong> that is ferromagnetic in nature. Chromium oxides thin films were deposited over isostructural rutile-type-tetragonal <strong>TiO₂</strong> layers on <strong>SiO₂/Si</strong> substrates. The as-deposited thin films consisted of the chromium-<em>di</em>-oxide (<strong>CrO₂</strong>) as the dominant phase along with the minor phase of antiferromagnetic <strong>Cr₂O₃</strong>. We report on the elaborate vibrational bands analysis of <strong>CrO₂</strong> in the <strong>2D</strong> thin film configuration based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (<strong>FTIR</strong>) characterization. In the <strong>X-ray</strong> photoelectron spectroscopy (<strong>XPS</strong>) studies, we mention surface bonding elements of chromium oxides thin films along with the comprehensive description of different states. Magnetic force microscopic (<strong>MFM</strong>) images revealed the magnetic grain size of ∼235 nm in the chromium oxides thin films. Electrical &amp; magnetoresistive studies confirmed the dominance of intergranular tunnelling mechanism along with an <strong>MR %</strong> = 40 % at <strong><em>T</em></strong> = 290 K. Spin-controlled device has been patterned by the electron beam lithography (<strong>EBL</strong>) by employing chemical etching technique in case of half-metal <strong>CrO₂</strong> for the first time. We demonstrate the gate-dependent <strong>MR %</strong> in these spin-controlled devices of +60 % and -79 % under out-of-pane geometry of <strong><em>H</em></strong> = 0.1 T &amp; <strong><em>H</em></strong> = 0.5 T at the temperature of <strong><em>T</em></strong> = 290 K, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of single graphyne layers based on a 2D biphenylene network","authors":"Mateus Silva Rêgo ,&nbsp;Mário Rocha dos Santos ,&nbsp;Marcelo Lopes Pereira Junior ,&nbsp;Eduardo Costa Girão ,&nbsp;Vincent Meunier ,&nbsp;Paloma Vieira Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene is a promising material for the development of applications in nanoelectronic devices, but the lack of a band gap necessitates the search for ways to tune its electronic properties. In addition to doping, defects, and nanoribbons, a more radical alternative is the development of 2D forms with structures that are in clear departure from the honeycomb lattice, such as graphynes, with the distinctive property of involving carbon atoms with both hybridizations <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The density and details of how the acetylenic links are distributed allow for a variety of electronic signatures. Here we propose a graphyne system based on the recently synthesized biphenylene monolayer. We demonstrate that this system features highly localized states with a spin-polarized semiconducting configuration. We study its stability and show that the system’s structural details directly influence its highly anisotropic electronic properties. Finally, we show that the symmetry of the frontier states can be further tuned by modulating the size of the acetylenic chains forming the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative characteristics of coal-based and graphite-based reduced graphene oxide materials","authors":"Sohan Bir Singh,&nbsp;Seyed A. Dastgheib","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pristine graphite-based graphene oxide (GO) sample and GO-like samples prepared from anthracite, bituminous, and subbituminous coals were subjected to thermal reduction in a wide temperature range of 170–2800 °C to perform a comparative investigation on the physicochemical characteristics of coal-based and graphite-based reduced graphene oxide (RGO) materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the surface composition of both graphite-based and coal-based RGO samples became more similar at 1000–2800 °C, in which the samples prepared at 1500 °C or above had &gt;97 % carbon. Graphite-based and coal-based RGO samples exhibited increasing trends in the percentages of <em>C<img>C</em> (for carbon-carbon groups) and C<img>O (for carbon-oxygen groups) when prepared at higher temperatures. The Fourier transform infrared profiles showed a declining trend in the surface oxygen functionalities for the samples prepared from 170 °C to 600 °C, and no oxygen groups at 1000 °C. Raman spectra showed similar D and G bands for all samples below 1000 °C, but more distinctive 2D bands were observed above 2000 °C, which were sharper for the graphite- and anthracite-based samples. Surface area of all RGO samples were maximized at 1000 °C, then the porosity collapsed by two orders of magnitude at higher temperatures. The X-ray diffraction profiles showed sharper graphitic peaks for the samples prepared at higher temperatures, in which anthracite- and graphite-based samples prepared at 2400–2800 °C had characteristics similar to those of the synthetic graphite. Scanning electron microscopy of different coal-based RGO samples showed similar structures for anthracite-based and graphite-based samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in ultra-low concentrations of pharmaceuticals","authors":"Nayeli Y. Gómez-Castillo ,&nbsp;Nardy J. Sallo-Chabla ,&nbsp;Daniela Pérez-Zárate ,&nbsp;María Fernanda Bósquez-Cáceres ,&nbsp;Julio C. Chacón-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we provide a novel metrology method to detect the presence of ultra-low concentrations of ibuprofen and paracetamol dissolved in water by Raman spectroscopy. We have deposited a single microdrop of the contaminated water solution onto a graphene substrate. We found that low concentrations of pharmaceuticals trigger a Graphene Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy response allowing for the detection of pharmaceuticals in the low concentration limit of <span><math><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>/mL. The enhancement factor observed for GERS in the G- and 2D lines reached up to 48 times derived from the molecular interaction of both molecules (graphene and the pharmaceutical), and 200 times for the D-line. Thus, we observed that the graphene monolayer enhances the pharmaceutical bands and quenches its fluorescence, allowing the identification of the pharmaceutical characteristic spectrum, which can be employed as a bio-marker of the pharmaceutical molecular presence. Finally, we performed a high-temperature treatment in vacuum conditions to study the recovery of graphene. After the thermal treatment, no contributions from ibuprofen were evident by Raman spectroscopy, but a high functionalization/oxidation stage. The conductivity of the graphene surface was also analyzed and it showed: (I) a decrease in the conductivity after the deposition of the pharmaceutical, and (II) a recovered conductance after the thermal treatment, which indicates a partial recovery of the substrate’s properties. This project brings an innovative tool for the detection of ultra-low concentrated pharmaceuticals when deposited on graphene. This discovery opens doors to a better understanding of the pollutant sources that will potentially contribute to the preservation of public sanity, pharmaceutical pollution research, and water quality monitoring in developing countries like Ecuador.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast dynamics of carrier relaxation determining the quasi-1D and non-1D electronic behaviors in carbon nanostructures","authors":"Godai Noyama ,&nbsp;Thomas Gauthier ,&nbsp;Yusuke Arashida ,&nbsp;Yui Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Riyo Nagao ,&nbsp;Yuri Saida ,&nbsp;Nicolas Godin ,&nbsp;Gaël Privault ,&nbsp;Hiroo Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Hayashi ,&nbsp;Shota Ono ,&nbsp;Roman Bertoni ,&nbsp;Masaki Hada","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers in bundled few-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of CNTs covered with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy from the near-infrared to the ultraviolet spectral range. The relaxation constant of the photoexcited carriers in bundled CNTs decreases with the photon energy of the probe, conversely, that in vdW heterostructures is almost constant with respect to the photon energy. The energy dependence of the relaxation constants for the probing photon energy determines whether the bundled CNT materials show one-dimensional (1D) or non-1D electronic behavior. The bundled CNTs show a non-1D electronic character, and the vdW heterostructures show a quasi-1D electronic one. It suggests that the bundled structure and intercalation of the insulating BNNT layer strongly influence their electronic dimensionality. These insights, offering a precise understanding of material properties, are beneficial for designing future optoelectronic devices based on nanostructured materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient caffeine-based PVA composite film for UV shielding","authors":"José I. Trujillo Galarza ,&nbsp;Luis G. Corredor González ,&nbsp;Christian Luciani ,&nbsp;Julio C. Chacón-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A transparent film based on a composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and caffeine was prepared for UV light absorption. The caffeine was extracted from ground coffee without further purification; in parallel, a 5.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> aqueous PVA solution was prepared and mixed at different concentrations from the extracted caffeine. Polymeric films were prepared by spin-coating the mixed solution of PVA/caffeine deposited onto a borosilicate glass substrate. UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to test the transparency and efficiency of UV absorption from the film. Our results revealed that the film prepared from the 1.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> precursor solution of extracted caffeine exhibited the best absorption at the UV-C region (200 – 275 nm). On the other hand, the film prepared at the highest concentration of 5.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> showed the best absorption in both UV-A and UV-B regions, although it was quite brittle compared to the rest. Our FTIR analysis showed a significant decrease in the OH band from PVA after adding 1.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> crude caffeine, implying that the hydroxide sites of PVA interact with the caffeine molecules, up to saturation. This result verifies the correct integration of crude caffeine filler within the polymeric matrix <em>via</em> hydrogen bonding. X-ray diffraction analysis suggests that the <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-phase of caffeine is crystallized in the composite film, however, the disappearance of the characteristic [11̄2] peak indicates the formation of caffeine clusters with preferred orientations along the [110] planes after saturation (1.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>). It is also confirmed that the most amorphous film was 1.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> caffeine, with a crystalline degree of approximately 14.82%. Our XPS analysis confirmed a caffeine concentration of about 0.94%, impurity level of 13.57%, and humidity level of 32.74% for the composite film prepared at 1.00 wt<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> PVA/caffeine solution. These results are of high importance in the field of polymer engineering research. Countries like Ecuador must develop coating materials that can effectively block or absorb harmful UV radiation in UV-shielding applications, which would enhance durability, performance, and protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Optimization of Electrospun Respiratory Face Masks Utilizing PVDF, Graphene Oxide, and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Efficiency and Antiviral Protection","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Alaeddin ,&nbsp;Abbas Honarbakhsh Raouf ,&nbsp;Zohreh Bahrami ,&nbsp;Reza Faridi Majidi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient respiratory face masks is crucial, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study fabricates an antiviral respiratory face mask electrospun technology and optimizes its parameters through response surface methodology (RSM). A three-component nanocomposite comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), graphene oxide (GO), and copper oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles was investigated. The effects of varying concentrations of PVDF, GO, and Cu₂O on the mask's properties, including efficiency and pressure drop were assessed. Box-Behnken design-based response surface models were employed to predict optimal conditions. Results indicated that concentrations of PVDF (16.09%), GO (2.40%), and Cu₂O (0.4414%) provided the best performance, achieving an efficiency of 99% and a pressure drop of 36.57 Pa under optimal conditions. The nanofibers exhibited positive morphological traits, and the addition of graphene oxide and copper oxide enhanced the beta phase in the nanocomposite. Additionally, the antibacterial and antiviral properties of the mask were evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness against microbial pathogens. Overall, the optimized nanocomposite mask presents a promising solution for enhanced respiratory protection during infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}