Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Role of different drying techniques on the morphology of carbon aerogel: A combinatorial analysis using gas adsorption and small-angle scattering","authors":"Ashish Singh ,&nbsp;Indranil Bhaumik ,&nbsp;S.K. Mandal ,&nbsp;Sushmita Bhartiya ,&nbsp;Rashmi Singh ,&nbsp;D.K. Kohli ,&nbsp;Sunil Verma ,&nbsp;Debasis Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The choice of drying process plays a crucial role on the morphology, vis-a-vis the physicochemical properties, of carbon aerogel (CA). In this article the effect of four common drying processes, namely, open-air drying (OAD), modified open-air drying with solvent exchange (MOAD), freeze-drying (FD) and critical-point drying (CPD), on the morphological characteristics of carbon aerogel has been studied using a combination of gas adsorption measurements and small angle (neutron and X-ray) scattering. The investigations reveal a wide diversity in the pore-size distribution in the samples. OAD and MOAD results CA having predominantly micropores with the lowest specific surface area and mesopore area as a consequence of collapse of pores during the drying process. On the other hand, the FD leads to blending of micro-to-meso-porous structures and CPD results a meso-to-macro-porous material. The scattering analysis reveals that the average size of primary particles as well as the agglomerates is the largest for CPD with high polydispersity, due to the fusion of the gel particles at the applied high pressure while drying, and the lowest fractal dimension signifying more open and less dense structure. The Porod analysis confirms the higher surface area for CPD as well. The relative low number density, bigger sizes and small packing fraction for CPD-CA and FD-CA complement the trend as observed in the gas adsorption. Finally, inline with the observed morphological diversity, the electrochemical measurement showed that the CPD-CA and FD-CA maintained desirable capacitive behavior with specific capacitance of 89 and 91 F/g, respectively .</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in carbon ink formulation and strategies for fabrication of flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Mohammad Saquib ,&nbsp;Shilpa Shetty ,&nbsp;Lakshmikanth M ,&nbsp;Akshatha Rathod ,&nbsp;Kavya Naik ,&nbsp;Ramakrishna Nayak ,&nbsp;M. Selvakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for flexible electronics has highlighted the significance of carbon-based conductive inks due to their cost-effectiveness, processability, conductivity, biocompatibility, and flexibility. This review investigates advanced materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and activated carbon, which are pivotal for ink formulation. It examines transformative printing technologies, including screen printing, inkjet printing, spray printing, direct ink writing, flexo-printing, and 3D printing. Advancements in ink formulations are discussed with a focus on the roles of binders, resins, and solvents, alongside challenges like optimizing rheological properties, particle sizes, and substrate adhesion. Each printing method's advantages and limitations are analysed concerning ink parameters like viscosity, stability, and compatibility with flexible substrates. By addressing the challenges and potential of carbon-based ink formulation, this review seeks to drive innovation in printed flexible electronics and energy storage devices for modern portable technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly durability carbon fabric strain sensor: Monitoring environmental changes and tracking human motion","authors":"Tae Won Ha ,&nbsp;Chil-Hyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Dae Yun Lim ,&nbsp;Young Baek Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunjin Cho ,&nbsp;Jin Hyeok Kim ,&nbsp;Dong-Su Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, e-textile-based strain sensors have been extensively researched for monitoring human motion across various environments. For practical use, fabric sensors must be both comfortable and durable when worn on the skin or integrated into clothing. This study fabricated a strain sensor using a versatile three-dimensional porous carbon fabric. Its performance was evaluated through tests measuring resistance changes under strain and relaxation, moisture absorption stability, tensile strength, temperature sensitivity, and durability over 1,000 repetitive tensile cycles. The sensor demonstrated the capability to detect small changes in ΔR/R₀ of &lt;0.05 % and maintained excellent conductivity, remaining below 20 Ω sq⁻¹, even in water. It also exhibited high elasticity and flexibility, achieving up to 50 % elongation and remaining stable over 1,000 repeated measurements. To classify complex finger movements, sensors were attached to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, allowing simultaneous detection of each finger's motion. Designed as a garment, the carbon fabric strain sensor shows potential for detecting human motion underwater or in extreme environments, with fast response times and high sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Pb(II) adsorption by amine group enriched chitosan encapsulated iron oxides doped biochar for soil remediation","authors":"Hong-Hue Thi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Yong-Ho Choi ,&nbsp;Eun-Bi Kim ,&nbsp;Yong-Hoon Jeong ,&nbsp;Jae-Wook Lee ,&nbsp;Kyung-Hee Park ,&nbsp;Young-Jun Woo ,&nbsp;Sadia Ameen ,&nbsp;Dong-Heui Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose the possibility of using chitosan-modified magnetic biochar (CMBC) as a potential green material for treating heavy metals (HMs) that exist and persist in the environment. Different functional groups present on CMBC have been studied by surface analyses such as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Herein, Fe serves not only as a contributor to magnetism but also as a facilitator in the formation of bonds with Pb(II). The adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) by CMBC (1 % w/v) reached to ∼97.6 % in 60 min. With 200 ppm at initial Pb(II) concentration, CMBC showed an adsorption capacity of ∼88.75 mg·g⁻¹. The adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) by CMBC was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R² = 0.9997. During the adsorption of Pb(II) by CMBC, Langmuir isotherms delivered R² = 0.9993 which was larger than the R² = 0.9882 of Freundlich isotherm, indicating that Pb(II) adsorption mainly occurred on the surface of CMBC with the interaction between Pb(II) and functional groups. The adsorption efficiency of soluble Pb (Pb in soil) by CMBC reached ∼24.6 % after 5 days and ∼27 % after 7 days. This finding underscores that CMBC is capable of effectively removing HMs, such as Pb, in both aqueous and soil environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring electrochemical performance of Zanthoxylum armatum seed-derived activated carbon using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for sustainable energy storage applications","authors":"Deval Prasad Bhattarai ,&nbsp;Sabin Aryal ,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Timila Shrestha ,&nbsp;Puspa Lal Homagai ,&nbsp;Hari Bhakta Oli ,&nbsp;Ram Lal (Swagat) Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating environmental concerns stemming from fossil fuel exploitation coupled with global energy demand and technological advancements underscore the urgent need for developing innovative energy storage solutions like supercapacitor. This study aims to address the critical need for advancing energy storage technologies to meet current requirements by utilizing bio-waste materials. In this research work, activated carbon for supercapacitor, as negative electrode materials were synthesized from <em>Zanthoxylum armatum</em> seeds through a multi-step carbonization process at an elevated temperature of 900 °C, utilizing H₃PO₄ as the activating agent (HZAC-900). The crystallinity of the material was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, functional groups were identified via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphology was analyzed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The HZAC-900 sample exhibited a higher surface area of 887.256 m² g⁻¹ as revealed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis. Furthermore, the chemical state of each element was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Comprehensive electrochemical evaluations, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) tests, were conducted to assess the material's electrochemical performance. The activated carbon prepared at a carbonization temperature of 900 °C demonstrated a specific capacitance of 132.90 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹, emphasizing its exceptional suitability for supercapacitor applications. These findings highlight the potential of <em>Zanthoxylum armatum</em> seed-derived activated carbon as an effective material for advanced energy storage systems, offering a promising avenue for the development of sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a density functional theory model of glassy carbon via carbon defect induction and relaxation","authors":"K. Meerholz ,&nbsp;A. Falch ,&nbsp;C.G.C.E. van Sittert","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glassy Carbon (GC) is a non-graphitising carbon known for its thermal stability, conductivity, and resistance to chemical attack, making it valuable in industrial and scientific applications, especially as an electrode substrate in catalysis research. Despite its widespread use, GC's precise structural characteristics is unclear due to synthesis variability. This study developed and validated a computational model to simulate GC's structure. Starting from the R3-carbon allotrope, density functional theory calculations were used to construct a representative GC model, incorporating induced defects to mimic its structural imperfections. Multiple GC slab models were created for comparative analysis. Validation involved comparing theoretical X-ray diffraction data with published data, confirming the model's accuracy in representing the GC's structure. The model showed high correlation with existing models, particularly those by Jurkiewicz et al., emphasizing the effect of formation temperature on GC's structural evolution. These findings enhance the understanding of GC's structural complexities, providing a solid foundation for future research and applications in material science, especially for robust and conductive substrates used in electrocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Production of Carbon Foam from Carbon Ore","authors":"Caleb Gula ,&nbsp;Kody Wolfe ,&nbsp;Jason Trembly ,&nbsp;John Staser ,&nbsp;Rudolph Olson III ,&nbsp;Eric Shereda ,&nbsp;Yahya Al-Majali","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the discovery of coal-derived carbon foam materials, there has been a significant increase in the adoption of these materials in high-value applications, particularly within the aerospace industry. Coal-derived carbon foam materials offer exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, positioning them as an optimal choice for high-volume applications such as building and construction. Yet, their broader adoption in such applications is hindered by the limitations of the current batch or semi-continuous processing techniques. This research introduces an innovative method for continuous production of carbon foam materials using a direct extrusion process. Bituminous coals (Pittsburgh No 8 and White Forest) were continuously extruded at varying feed rates, temperatures, and extrusion speeds to produce a carbon foam material. The resultant green foams were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultimate/proximate analysis, and optical microscopy. This study not only successfully demonstrated the extrudability of plasticized coal using a commercial bench-scale extrusion system but also revealed that their performance is expected to be comparable to that of batch-processed coal-derived carbon foam materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing zinc-air battery performance through ph-tuned biopolymeric hydrogels in near-neutral electrolytes","authors":"Sara Vaca-Chacón ,&nbsp;Vivian Morera Córdova ,&nbsp;José Béjar ,&nbsp;Lorena Álvarez-Contreras ,&nbsp;Juan P. Tafur","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the escalating global energy demands and the critical pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, this research delves into the electrolytic behavior of biopolymeric hydrogels derived from chitosan and starch in near-neutral ionic solutions within a ZnCl₂ + NH₄Cl system, evaluated at different pH values to enhance zinc-air battery (ZAB) performance. The study evaluates the impact of ionic solution pH on the structural, morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the hydrogels in primary ZAB prototypes. Remarkably, at a near-neutral pH of 7, the polymer gel electrolyte demonstrated superior ionic conductivity (0.11 S·cm⁻¹), specific capacity (675 mAh·g⁻¹), lower volume resistances and higher specific capacitances. Thermal analysis revealed increased stability of the polymer gel systems at elevated pH levels. This finding was corroborated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which evidenced the presence of uniform and cohesive microstructures attributed to the formation of stable zinc-amine complexes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated pH-dependent variations in the vibrational bands of functional groups, influencing zinc ion interactions and electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the absence of solid precipitates at pH 7, which enhances ionic mobility and conductivity. Consequently, the findings suggest that maintaining near neutral pH conditions substantially enhances the physical and electrochemical properties of ZAB. Hence, the proposed system constitutes a promising avenue for sustainable energy storage solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning Waste into Watt: Usage of natural biomass activated carbon-based anode and septic tank wastewater for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) based electricity generation","authors":"Nithya Rathinavel ,&nbsp;Ananthi Veleeswaran ,&nbsp;Yuvakkumar Rathinam ,&nbsp;Arun Alagarsamy","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbons (ACs) are a highly desirable and challenging porous material. They are usually produced from biomass waste, which makes them a promising material for improved electrochemical capacitive efficiency. In the present study, we synthesized ACs from three various kinds of natural biomass wastes: orange peel (OP), loofah sponge (LS), and sugarcane bagasse (SB), using KOH treatment and the pyrolysis process. Various characterization studies, such as XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM with EDAX, BET, FTIR, and XPS, revealed the morphological and structural character of the developed ACs. The electrochemical studies appraised for ACs coated with copper (C) and aluminium (A) showed that orange peel activated carbon coated with copper foil (OPACC) has high surface area and lower internal resistance (Rs 18.13 Ω and Rct 28.68 Ω). We employed all produced electrodes as anode and septic tank wastewater (STWW) as anolyte in MFC application. Here we attained highest power density (163.84±0.5mW/m²), current density (372±2.3 mA/m²) and coulombic efficiency (49.33±1.01%) for OPACC electrode based MFC. The present study provides the first insight into comparing activated carbons produced from different biomass wastes and their performance as anodes in MFC for electricity production. These findings could benefit the future development of relevant renewable energy producers, potentially creating socially and morally acceptable biomass waste-based AC electrodes for MFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step synthesis of lignin-derived carbon nanofibers without the need for stabilization: Characterization and applications","authors":"Karishma Jain ,&nbsp;Mandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Kushagra Yadav ,&nbsp;Ashish Gupta ,&nbsp;Suraj Loomba ,&nbsp;Nasir Mahmood ,&nbsp;S.R. Dhakate","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal oxidative stabilization is a crucial parameter in carbon nanofiber (CNF) synthesis which which is important for the retention of fiber geometry during the rigorous carbonization process. However, its conventional implementation is burdened by significant time and energy expenditures. This study explores the feasibility of circumventing the stabilization step and its repercussions on the properties of lignin-PVA-derived electrospun CNF mats. Electrospun mats were subjected to carbonization after thermal stabilization (St-CNF) and without thermal stabilization (NSt-CNF). The morphological analysis revealed that despite the exclusion of stabilization, the fibrous structure remains intact without fusion. However, its noticeable impact on carbon yield, graphitic content, and defect density of CNF has been observed. In comparison to NSt-CNF, the St-CNF has higher carbon yield and mass loss fraction, suggesting additional cross-linking and thermal stability. Additionally, a higher specific surface area (381.5 m²/g) and pore volume (0.40 cc/g) were also observed in St-CNF compared to NSt-CNF (162.9 m²/g, 0.15 cc/g), enhancing the electrochemical properties such as specific capacitance (191.5 F/g), energy and power density (26.6 Wh/kg at 520.5 W/kg) of St-CNF. This study provides valuable insight into the properties of lignin-based CNFs, prepared by including or excluding the stabilization step, and explores their potential effect in energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}