Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the sequential purification of biomass-derived carbon dots on their colloidal and optical properties","authors":"Andrea S. Gonzalez-Vera ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Pineda-Arellano ,&nbsp;Armando Ramírez-Monroy ,&nbsp;J. Matos ,&nbsp;Luis F. Chazaro-Ruiz ,&nbsp;J. Rene Rangel-Mendez ,&nbsp;Conchi O. Ania","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purification of photoluminescent carbon dots has a strong impact on their applications, making rigorous protocols necessary to isolate them. In this work, a sequential filtration process was implemented on photoluminescent carbon dots synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of an agricultural waste, achieving good effectiveness and higher yields compared to chromatographic purification approaches. Filtration membranes of different cut-offs were carefully selected considering the by-products from the biomass decomposition. The synthetic route allowed the preparation of carbon dots with average particle sizes of 3.5 nm, composed of a graphitic-like core decorated with oxygen and nitrogen moieties. Dynamic light scattering measurements of the suspensions revealed higher aggregation of the nanoparticles in the least purified samples. This also influences the photoluminescence emission properties due to self-absorbing and quenching effects. The thermal characterization of the solids recovered after each filtration step has shown (for the least purified samples) the presence of fragments assigned to molecules arising from an incomplete hydrothermal transformation of the precursor. The aqueous suspension of the carbon dots recovered after the most purified protocol displayed a notorious emission upon excitation at 375 nm, confirming that the carbon dots are responsible for the observed optical features. These results highlight the importance of an adequate purification process of carbon dots obtained from complex precursors (such as biomass), to avoid bias interpretation of their photoluminescence properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of folic acid conjugated curcumin-loaded functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for enhanced efficacy in ovarian cancer treatment","authors":"Aditi Chattaraj ,&nbsp;Yachana Mishra ,&nbsp;Alaa A.A. Aljabali ,&nbsp;Vijay Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present study was to enhance the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) by designing a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) based delivery system. In this study, we coupled MWCNT-COOH with folic acid (FA) to create a unique active targeting as well as a pH-responsive formulation for administering CUR to ovarian tumor locations. CUR was loaded onto MWCNT-COOH using the direct method, and then FA conjugation was performed. Using different techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Differential light scattering (DLS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹HNMR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), the curcumin-loaded MWCNTs (CUR-MWCNT-COOH) and the FA-bound formulation (CUR-MWCNT-COOH-FA) were analyzed. The pH-responsive release of CUR-MWCNT-COOH-FA nanocomplexes was observed in a neutral and acidic environment (pH 7.4; pH 4). When comparing pH 4 to pH 7.4, a noticeably higher cumulative percentage of drug release was observed. A dispersion study revealed the presence of functional groups on the outermost surface of both the functionalized MWCNT as well as formulations increased their resilience via converting the hydrophobic MWCNT surface to hydrophilic property. Both CUR-MWCNT-COOH as well as CUR-MWCNT-COOH-FA exhibited a dose-dependent correlation with CUR concentration when it came to in vitro cytotoxicity (measured by SRB assay). SK-OV-3 cell line was used to exhibit significant growth suppression activity against cancer cells at a CUR dose of 40 µg/mL. In conclusion, the addition of FA to CUR-MWCNT-COOH improved the drug's cytotoxicity and cellular absorption along with its bioavailability. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of CUR-MWCNT-COOH-FA as an effective drug-conjugated system for the delivery of CUR to treat ovarian cancer (OC). This study significantly enhances targeted drug delivery techniques for OC by demonstrating the possibility of a novel, pH-responsive, MWCNT-COOH-FA-directed delivery system. Our findings notably show that the addition of FA improves the cellular absorption and bioavailability of CUR-loaded MWCNT-COOH, leading to greater therapeutic efficacy against OC cells. The drawbacks of traditional chemotherapy, such as poor absorption along with non-specific toxicity, could be addressed by this tailored approach. Our research opens the door for the development of more individualized and effective alternative treatments for OC patients by more efficiently and specifically delivering curcumin to OC cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exfoliated graphite via ball-milling for enhanced microwave absorption and electrochemical energy storage application","authors":"Sushree Pattnaik ,&nbsp;Arya Das ,&nbsp;E.V. Bhavya ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Balamati Choudhury ,&nbsp;Mamata Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphite and its derivatives are one of the emerging materials in energy storage and microwave absorption application. In the present study, exfoliated graphite generated from a high-pure graphite precursor through a cost-effective and environmentally friendly planetary ball milling technique has been evaluated for its supercapacitive and microwave absorption properties. The exfoliated graphite exhibits a two-fold increase in surface area compared to the high-pure graphite. The O/C ratio increased to 16.69% due to the presence of oxygen groups after ball milling, enhancing the microwave absorption and electrochemical energy storage performance of exfoliated graphite. Remarkably, the exfoliated graphite shows an enhanced microwave absorption of ∼59.15% across 8.2-12.4 GHz. Further for the realisation of the practical application, simulation study has been incorporated showing a minimum reflection loss of -25.53 dB at 9.7 GHz combining with a ferrite material. It also exhibits an excellent specific capacitance value of 177 Fg^-1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag^-1 for three electrode system. When assembled as a symmetric two-electrode system the exfoliated graphite exhibits an energy density of 1.66 Whkg^-1 with a power density of 420 Wkg^-1. This study provides a detailed investigation of exfoliated graphite as a potential material for microwave absorption and electrochemical energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward carbon dots from citric acid and ethylenediamine, part 1: Structure, optical properties, main luminophore at different stages of synthesis","authors":"Alexey M. Vervald ,&nbsp;Kirill A. Laptinskiy ,&nbsp;Maria Yu. Khmeleva ,&nbsp;Tatiana A. Dolenko","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) synthesized under certain parameters of hydrothermal synthesis are reported to demonstrate ultra-bright luminescence in the blue-violet region with a quantum yield up to ∼100 %. However, the questions remain: is this luminescence really belong to the nanoparticles or to concomitant molecular luminophores; at what stage of the CDs’ synthesis such luminophores are formed and lost; how exactly structure of the reacted precursors changes when the synthesis parameters change? In this study, to answer these questions, the array of 392 samples of ethylenediamine and citric acid aqueous solutions undergone the process of hydrothermal method of synthesis, varying EDA:CA ratio in the range of 0–20:1, temperature in 80–200 °C, and reaction time in 0.5–6 h. For all samples the luminescence excitation-emission matrices, optical absorption and FTIR spectra were obtained, quantum yields and luminophores’ intensity of samples’ luminescence at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm were calculated. Based on the obtained data, the processes of CDs’ gradual synthesis – polymerization, dehydration and carbonization – were identified, the changes in the composition of the reaction products during different stages of synthesis were revealed. It was established that the formation of the main samples’ luminophores starts with the polymerization of precursors, accelerates with the initial carbonization of the samples, while the stage of graphitizing carbonization – formation of CDs cores – brings their partially destruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of graphene-based materials on anion-exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Aniket Raut ,&nbsp;Haoyan Fang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chung Lin ,&nbsp;Shi Fu ,&nbsp;Md Farabi Rahman ,&nbsp;David Sprouster ,&nbsp;Likun Wang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Fang ,&nbsp;Yifan Yin ,&nbsp;Devanshi Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Rebecca Isseroff ,&nbsp;Tai-De Li ,&nbsp;Michael Cuiffo ,&nbsp;John C. Douglin ,&nbsp;Jaana Lilloja ,&nbsp;Kaido Tammeveski ,&nbsp;Dario R. Dekel ,&nbsp;Miriam Rafailovich","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the challenges of power output and durability in anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells (AEMFCs) through the use of graphene-based materials. Graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) with varying degrees of reduction were synthesized and characterized via Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). AEMs were coated with the synthesized graphene materials and tested with Pt catalyst. The addition of GO and prGO with high degrees of reduction improved power output by 12 % and 5 %, respectively, and increased durability by 29 %. Optimal reduction degree of prGO showed significant improvements, enhancing power output by 53 % and doubling membrane life. When FeCo-N-C replaced Pt/C at the cathode, the power enhancement with intermediate prGO was reduced to 16 %, and durability increased by only 13 %, indicating a specific synergy with Pt. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis showed that graphene addition maintained membrane integrity and prevented Pt nucleation within the membrane. However, after 140 h, the membrane interface became rough, causing electrical shorts. It is hypothesized that the hexagonal carbon ring structure of graphene allows OH⁻ migration but blocks larger Pt ions, preventing degradation. Further investigation is needed to understand the significant power enhancement with minimal prGO addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterostructured crystalline and non-crystalline carbon coatings -A sustainable solution for corrosion inhibition in reinforced concrete","authors":"M. Ananthkumar ,&nbsp;Mini K M ,&nbsp;Saravanakumar Tamilarasan ,&nbsp;Murali Rangarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion is the major form of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures which leads to reduction in strength followed by complete failure. The current work focuses on the development of a heterostructured composite coating on Fe500 steel consisting of hard carbon and soft carbon possessing anticorrosive properties. The interaction between amorphous and crystalline carbon significantly enhances corrosion resistance in Fe500 steel, with specific ratios improving inhibition efficiency, verified by physicochemical characterizations and tests. In this study, carbon coated Fe500 strips were exposed to a simulated concrete pore solution containing 3.5 % NaCl, replicating corrosive conditions. Different combinations such as 100 % hard carbon (HC), 100 % soft carbon (SC), 25 % soft carbon + 75 % hard carbon (25SC/75HC), 50% soft carbon + 50 % hard carbon (50SC/50HC), and 75 % soft carbon + 25 % hard carbon (75SC/25HC) were assessed and tested. Tafel plots were generated to assess the corrosion rate. Among the different coatings tested, the 50 % soft carbon + 50 % hard carbon (50SC/50HC) composite exhibited the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency, with a corrosion rate of 0.0103 mmpy. After 5000 cycles, the material showed no crystalline or morphological changes, maintaining stability and excellent corrosion resistance for concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition between fragmentation and defragmentation of сarbon black nanoparticle agglomerates under a degenerate optical microcavitation mode","authors":"Alexandra Shamova ,&nbsp;Galina Shandybina ,&nbsp;Dmitry Polyakov ,&nbsp;Evgeny Kuzmin ,&nbsp;Valeria Domazhirova ,&nbsp;Andrey Belikov","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the nonlinear transformation process of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates in water under nanosecond near-infrared laser irradiation. An experimental and theoretical relationship between the sizes of a microbubble and a carbon microparticle has been obtained. A thermophysical calculation based on an analytical solution of the heat conduction equation for a homogeneous sphere and infinite medium possess different thermal properties, allowed analyzing the dynamics of a carbon microparticle cooling in the degenerate optical microcavitation modes (long-lived microbubbles) and tracing the trend of changes in the accumulated temperature depending on laser parameters. A region of parameters (pulse number, repetition rate) in which the transition from the fragmentation to defragmentation of the agglomerates occurs has been experimentally found. Differentiation of these processes contributed to the definition of the role of degenerate optical microcavitation in combination with accumulative effects and the detailing of their mechanisms. A fragmentation mechanism has been established that takes into account degenerate optical microcavitation. A mechanism for defragmentation of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates has been proposed based on the creation of prerequisites for water transition into the state of a supercritical fluid accompanied by partial agglomerate dissolution in laser-induced long-lived microbubbles at the cooling stage and on the decrease of agglomerate maximum heating temperature because of increased light scattering by long-lived microbubbles. The regularities studied are important for the development of laser technologies for destruction of carbon black nanoparticle agglomerates in liquid media, including biological ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method","authors":"José D. Pizha ,&nbsp;Diana G. Heredia ,&nbsp;Luis Corredor ,&nbsp;Carlos Reinoso ,&nbsp;Werner Bramer ,&nbsp;Jules Gardener ,&nbsp;Guillermo Solorzano ,&nbsp;Gema Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MagCNTs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties, robust adsorption capabilities, and unique thermal conductivity, making them valuable in fields such as drug delivery and environmental technology. However, their production and design face challenges due to complex methodologies and the exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, which hinders scalability and compromises their applications. Issues like rapid oxidation of iron-based NPs and potential toxicity of alternative metals like cobalt or nickel further limit their efficacy and utility. To address these challenges, encapsulating the metallic NPs can preserve their magnetic properties and enhance application options. In this study, we introduce a novel, <em>in-situ</em>, one-step synthesis method to encapsulate magnetic NPs, such as Fe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, Fe, and Fe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>C, within the structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The material was synthesized <em>via</em> Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using Fe<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> NPs as the catalyst. The composition and morphology were studied using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). These analysis revealed the effective confinement of magnetic NPs, with size approximately 10–20 nm, within the CNTs. Furthermore, VSM results confirmed the magnetic properties at room temperature, with a magnetic saturation value of 35.8 emu/g. This approach offers a refined production process and material design, expanding their applicability in various technological and biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the properties of graphene nanosheets during electrochemical exfoliation","authors":"Markus Ostermann ,&nbsp;Lukas Kalchgruber ,&nbsp;Jürgen Schodl ,&nbsp;Peter Lieberzeit ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Bilotto ,&nbsp;Markus Valtiner","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large-scale production of graphene remains a significant bottleneck in harnessing the potential of this material. Electrochemical exfoliation offers a green, sustainable production protocol that is suitable for industrial scale-up. However, the material produced often suffers from a low yield and limited functional groups, which restricts its use in advanced applications.</div><div>In this study, we introduce a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate influences of production parameters, such as temperature and potential, on the characteristics of the product. A comprehensive understanding of the exfoliation process is achieved through detailed insights provided by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and powder conductivity measurements. Design-of-Experiment and Pareto analysis are employed to determine the optimal production conditions. As a result, graphene nanosheets, tailored with specific physical and chemical properties (<em>e.g.</em>, functional groups, conductivity), can be produced.</div><div>Furthermore, we describe the significant influence of the cation during sulfate-based anodic exfoliation, which allows for efficiency and cost optimization. In general, the tailoring aspect of this work paves the way towards the industrial production of graphene nanosheets, tailored to the intended application. Simultaneously, the experimental design lays the foundation for a data-driven machine learning method for the optimal synthesis of sustainable two-dimensional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots (FGQDs): A review of their synthesis, properties, and emerging biomedical applications","authors":"Abida Jan ,&nbsp;Midhat Batool ,&nbsp;Samreen Akram ,&nbsp;Akhtar Hussain Malik ,&nbsp;Waheed Ahmad Khanday ,&nbsp;Waseem A. Wani ,&nbsp;Rayees Ahmad Sheikh ,&nbsp;Jahangir Ahmad Rather ,&nbsp;Palanisamy Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique electronic, optical, physical, and chemical properties. As nanoscale fragments of graphene rich in electrons, GQDs offer enhanced capabilities that elevate their potential across a wide range of applications. This review paper delves into the synthesis, characterization, and applications of functionalized graphene quantum dots (FGQDs), which exhibit exceptional photoelectronic properties resulting from quantum confinement and edge effects. These features position FGQDs as promising materials for optoelectronic technologies. The review also highlights various functionalization strategies, providing valuable insights for researchers seeking to optimize GQDs for specific applications. By understanding the correct functionalization techniques, researchers can tailor the properties of FGQDs to enhance their performance in a range of applications. This article offers an in-depth discussion of synthetic approaches for producing FGQDs with diverse chemical groups and functionalities, alongside a thorough overview of characterization techniques, ranging from morphological and crystallographic analysis to componential and absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the review explores the growing potential of FGQDs in biomedical applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics. It underscores the advances in research and development that are crucial for unlocking the full biomedical potential of FGQDs, while also addressing the challenges that remain to be tackled in the future. As the field continues to evolve, the insights presented in this review provide a solid foundation for future breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of FGQDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}