Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Reduced thermal conductivity of constricted graphene nanoribbons for thermoelectric applications","authors":"Wenusara Satheekshana ,&nbsp;Pasan Henadeera ,&nbsp;Chamara Somarathna ,&nbsp;Nalaka Samaraweera ,&nbsp;Galhenage Asha Sewvandi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold promise as thermoelectric (TE) materials due to their advantageous electronic properties compared to conventional candidates. However, a key challenge to enhancing the TE performance of GNRs lies in reducing the thermal conductivity while maintaining the electronic transport properties. To address this challenge - this study proposes a GNR-based structure featuring nanoscale constrictions named graphene nano constrictions (GNCs). This work systematically analyzes the thermal transport properties of these GNCs and compares them to conventional GNRs. Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulations were employed to evaluate the lattice thermal conductivity of the material, and a marked reduction of thermal conductivity exceeding 74 % was observed in the proposed structures. Furthermore, it is revealed that the thermal conductivity of these structures can be further tailored by manipulating their physical geometry, focusing on the length and the constriction dimensions. Additionally, superlattice counterparts of the GNCs composed of graphene and h-BN are explored in this study. Subsequently, an 88 % reduction of lattice thermal conductivity is observed in the superlattice counterparts of GNCs compared to GNRs. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of nanoscale constrictions in manipulating the thermal conductivity of GNR-based structures, creating a path for optimizing their TE performance and potential device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the soft bandgap in the density of the states: The measurement of a \"magnetogap\" effect in carbon-black samples","authors":"A. Aparecido-Ferreira ,&nbsp;E.S. Alves ,&nbsp;G.M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;J.F. Sampaio","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the magnetic field dependence on the variable range hopping electron conduction in carbon-black samples with different volumetric densities. By applying the concepts and equations of hopping regimes when the magnetic field is applied, we were able to establish a connection between the variation of the hopping temperatures, T_ES and T_M, with the localization radius of electron conduction in carbon-black, as well as with the density of states of this material. The volumetric density dependence of all these physical quantities is also discussed. Finally, based on the magnetic field effects on the hopping parameters, we introduced the idea of a \"<em>Magnetogap</em>\" effect, indicating how the Coulomb gap changes with the magnetic field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of graphitic carbon from crude oil vacuum residue","authors":"Ravi Dalsania ,&nbsp;Hasmukh Gajera ,&nbsp;Mahesh Savant","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preparation of graphitic carbon from low value refinery waste has captivated immense interest in past years owing to its low cost and abundant nature. Successful utilization of petroleum vacuum residue is a major challenge in the petroleum industry. In this study pyrolysis of vacuum residue fractions has been carried out for the preparation of graphitic carbon like material. The vacuum residue fractions were obtained from three different crude oils originated from Middle East, Canada and South America. The purity of the Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene (ARA) fractions were confirmed using TLC-FID which denoted complete separation. The chemical composition were determined using elemental analysis and it revealed ARA fractions to be carbon rich regardless of its origin. Further, sulphur content was found to be high in ARA fractions from Heavy Crude oil (HCO). The degree of polymerization and molecular weight measured using GPC specify that asphaltene has high accumulation with high molecular weight compared with aromatic and resins. ARA derived carbon and heat-treated materials were analysed by TGA, XRD and Raman spectroscopy to study microstructural changes in formation of graphite like material. Thermogravimetric analysis of all ARA samples revealed the different decomposition stages for pyrolyzed, calcined and graphitized samples. The results of XRD demonstrated that the distance between the planes (d-spacing) is above 3.35 Å for all high temperature treated ARA derived carbon materials irrespective of its origin, indicating formation of graphite like structure. In Raman analysis, the nature and intensity of G and D bands evolution during each step of pyrolysis is supporting XRD results for formation of highly ordered graphitic carbon material. Furthermore, understanding feed quality has direct influence on high efficiency, low costs and sustainability, the major issues for oil refinery business.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trifunctional electrocatalytic activity of hierarchically structured porous carbon derived from environmentally malignant Prosopis juliflora","authors":"Sathyanarayanan Shanmugapriya ,&nbsp;Mariappan Ganeshbabu ,&nbsp;Subramani Surendran ,&nbsp;Yun Sung Lee ,&nbsp;Ramakrishnan Kalai Selvan","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finding an efficient and affordable multifunctional electrocatalyst with long-term durability has received paramount interest in the recent scenario. The present work attempted to facilitate ecologically threatful invasive biomass – <em>P. juliflora</em>- derived porous carbon as an effectual Pt support for trifunctional electrocatalytic applications. The preparation of Pt decorated <em>P. juliflora</em> -derived porous carbon (Pt/J-600, Pt/J-700, and Pt/J-800) involves simple hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis at various temperatures of 600, 700 &amp; 800⁰C and polyol mediated reduction. The obtained XRD results reveal the turbostratic nature of the prepared porous carbon favoring to anchor the Pt NPs. Significantly, the estimated I_D/I_G ratios of Raman profile substantiates the highly defective structure of Pt/J-800. The TEM images disclose the agglomeration-free dispersion of Pt NPs in the Pt/J-800 electrocatalyst. The EIS analysis demonstrates the relatively low solution and charge transfer resistances (R_s = 0.646 Ω &amp; R_ct = 0.312 Ω). The desirable 4e- transfer with an improved limiting current density of -4.44 mA cm^-2 signpost better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of Pt/J-800 than the other prepared electrocatalysts. Additionally, the high electrochemical surface area (652.72 m² g^-1) and good mass activity (49.09 mA mg_pt^-1) prove the excellent methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity. Moreover, a minimal overpotential of 31 mV @ 10 mA/cm², and a lower Tafel slope of 32 mV/dec with 24 hr stable performance proved the efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of Pt/J-800. The remarkable electrochemical performance of Pt/J-800 is attributed to the enhanced surface area created by hierarchically porous carbon support and the uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles with optimum loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Kapok fiber-derived two-dimensional carbonized sheets as sustainable electrode material","authors":"Vinay Gangaraju ,&nbsp;Navya Rani M ,&nbsp;Kunal Roy ,&nbsp;Tathagata Sardar ,&nbsp;Manikanta P Narayanaswamy ,&nbsp;Murthy Muniyappa ,&nbsp;Prasanna D Shivaramu ,&nbsp;Dinesh Rangappa","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural biomass-derived carbon nanostructures have attracted research interest because of their unique surface and electrochemical properties. The present study embodied the carbonized micro-nano sheets derived from the low-cost natural source Kapok silk fiber. The material was obtained via a facile thermal pyrolysis process. Diffraction analysis showed a broad graphene structure-like peak, indicating the formation of graphene-like carbon nanosheets. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images confirmed the presence of fragmented carbon sheets, some of which were folded to form a tube-like structure. Raman study showed the presence of D and G band with the Id/Ig ratio of 0.96 which indicated the formation of few-layered carbon nanosheets. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance was evaluated for lithium-ion battery as well as supercapacitor. A specific capacity of 465 mAh.g^-1 at 0.1 C rate for Li-ion battery and a specific capacitance of 473.61 F.g^-1 for supercapacitor have been obtained with the capacitance retention of 95 %. This study provides insights into a strategy for the sustainable production and utilization of natural fiber-based carbon in energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deposition of nanocomposite carbon-based thin films doped with copper and fluorine","authors":"R. Pribyl,&nbsp;S. Kelarova,&nbsp;M. Karkus,&nbsp;V. Bursikova","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is focused on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of novel carbon-based thin films. Unique thin films were deposited from a mixture of methane, hydrogen, and a precursor containing fluorine and copper: (hfac)copperVTMS (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato and VTMS = vinyltrimethylsilane). Using the (hfac)copperVTMS precursor in PECVD deposition results in the advantageous chemical composition of carbon-based thin films while maintaining sufficient mechanical properties. Furthermore, with optimized plasma parameters, the films deposited on the substrate exhibit a nanocomposite structure. This nanostructured surface can increase the surface area, which is beneficial for various applications, including antibacterial and antiviral properties. The radiofrequency glow discharge at low pressure (<span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>70</mn><mi>Pa</mi></mrow></math></span>) and power <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn><mi>W</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>250</mn><mi>W</mi></mrow></math></span> was used for deposition. Deposited thin films were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy, and nanoindentation techniques. Despite the doping of carbon-based thin films with soft copper, the prepared films exhibited sufficient mechanical properties, which are crucial for the future implementation of this deposition process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance induced nonlinear absorption and optical limiting activity of gold decorated graphene/MoS2 hybrid","authors":"M. Abith,&nbsp;T.C. Sabari Girisun","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergistic supremacy of a hybrid nanocomposite made of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and gold nanoparticles (Au) for Q-switching and optical limiting applications is investigated. Hydrothermally synthesized Au-rGO-MoS₂ hybrid with varying concentrations of Au (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) was subjected to interact with Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond green laser pulses. The intensity dependent nonlinear absorption studies revealed a switch over in the nonlinear behaviour from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behaviour. SA occurs due to ground state bleaching at comparatively lower laser irradiances serving the need for Q-switching and optical communications. The RSA trait at higher laser irradiance is attributed to sequential two-photon absorption which serves as the platform for optical limiting behaviour prompting laser safety and effective photothermal therapy applications. The strong mid-visible and UV absorption promotes the availability of multiple energy bands for energy transitions of excited state absorption (ESA). Enhanced local fields due to localized surface plasmon resonance effect, structural defects, hierarchical morphology, increased absorption cross-section and plasmon induced energy transfer promotes robust ESA process. These tunable nonlinear optical properties make Au-rGO-MoS₂ hybrid promising futuristic candidates for applications in nonlinear photonic devices, ultrafast optical switches and all-optical signal processing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced storage performance of a low-cost hard carbon derived from biomass","authors":"Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Debasis Sen ,&nbsp;Vinod K. Aswal ,&nbsp;Lan Weiguang ,&nbsp;Palani Balaya","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard Carbon is the most widely used negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries today. Achieving high storage capacity and increasing the plateau capacity, as opposed to the sloping profile, are crucial for enhancing energy density of the full cells. While several publications address the synthesis of hard carbon, the economic viability for commercial scale-up hinges on the choice of precursors. In this study, we report the electrochemical properties of hard carbon derived from two biomass precursors, sugarcane waste (bagasse) and corn waste, and compare their performances with commercially available hard carbon. The hard carbon derived from bagasse delivers a capacity of 307 mAh/g at C/10 rate and retains approximately 234 mAh/g at 3C discharge rate. We integrate surface area, pore size distribution, Raman spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data to elucidate the sodium storage mechanism in these hard carbon samples. Correlated graphitic domains with hexagonal ordering along with fractal like agglomeration of the nanosheets are quantified. The high plateau capacity of the bagasse-derived hard carbon is attributed to the characteristic morphology and size distribution of the nanosheets and their nature of agglomeration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale friction and wear of graphite surface in ambient and underwater conditions","authors":"Jitendra Soni ,&nbsp;Zhijiang Ye ,&nbsp;Nitya Nand Gosvami","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological properties of graphite are extremely sensitive to surrounding environment, which affects its longevity and friction reduction performance. This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effects of a liquid environment on interactions at the sliding interface, thereby influencing the nanoscale tribological properties of graphite surfaces. By combining atomic force microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we conducted a comparative analysis of friction and wear behavior of graphite under two different environmental conditions: ambient (air) and underwater condition. Our investigations explored both the step edge and interior (step-free) graphite surfaces. The experimental results revealed a notable contrast in the frictional and wear behavior of graphite at nanoscale in these two environments. The interior surface exhibited a friction coefficient (COF) of approximately 0.003 and 0.006 against a diamond-coated surface in ambient and underwater conditions, respectively. Interestingly, the underwater environment not only increased friction but also significantly compromised the wear resistance of graphene layers near the graphite surface compared to the ambient environment, as evidenced in both step edge and interior step-free regions. The interior region sustained up to ∼7400 nN load in ambient condition but failed at ∼1500 nN under water. Similarly, the step edge failed at ∼375 and ∼187.5 nN in ambient and underwater conditions, respectively. Our simulations revealed that the increased friction in underwater condition is due to resistance of surrounding water molecules during tip sliding. The presence of water at tip-graphite contact interface generated substantial localized stress, leading to the initiation of wear and revealing the pronounced effect of water on the wear characteristics of graphite in underwater condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, electronic and dielectric properties of carbon nanotubes interacting with Co nanoclusters","authors":"Icare Morrot-Woisard ,&nbsp;Emile K. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nicolas Vukadinovic ,&nbsp;Mauro Boero","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new frontier in tuning the electromagnetic response of carbon-based materials, particularly carbon nanotubes, consists in adding metallic clusters or nanoparticles at their external surface. This allows to change optical, dielectric and magnetic properties with potential applications in electronics and telecommunications for aeronautics. By resorting to first principles dynamical simulations, we provide a microscopic picture of the interaction at finite temperature between a carbon nanotube and Co aggregates mimicking the experimental coverage. The electronic structure evolution provides the absorption spectrum and the dielectric function for comparison with experiments and guidelines for tuning these composite systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}