Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Zn-doped carbon dots derived from calendula officinalis and glucose: Antibacterial and photoluminescence properties","authors":"Armin Amirsoleimani ,&nbsp;Zohreh Bahrami ,&nbsp;Hassan Abdoos ,&nbsp;Khatereh Kafshdouzan","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of carbon dots and Zn-doped carbon dots derived from glucose and <em>Calendula officinalis</em>. The synthesis method was hydrothermal, and the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, and mapping analyses. The Zn-doped carbon dots from <em>Calendula officinalis</em> exhibited superior photoluminescence properties, with higher emission intensity and Ion sensitivity studies demonstrated that Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions notably enhanced the photoluminescence intensity by approximately 15–17 %, whereas Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ induced significant quenching effects. Additionally, pH-dependent analysis revealed that the photoluminescence intensity peaked at pH 11, indicating optimal conditions for exciton recombination under mildly alkaline environments. The antibacterial activity was evaluated through colony counting, well diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration tests. Results showed that zinc doping significantly enhanced the antibacterial performance, with the Zn-doped carbon dots from glucose demonstrating the highest antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.3125 mg/mL and 0.625 mg/mL against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, respectively. The MTT assay revealed no cytotoxic effect on the L929 cell line. These findings highlight the potential of Zn-doped carbon dots in antibacterial and biocompatible applications, as well as in optical sensing and light-emitting devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate polishing and CO2 addition promote long growths of vertically aligned carbon nanotube carpets on aluminum foils by one-step CVD","authors":"Antoine Combrisson,&nbsp;Emeline Charon,&nbsp;Mathieu Pinault,&nbsp;Cécile Reynaud,&nbsp;Martine Mayne-L’Hermite","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The one-step catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) meets the requirements for large-scale production of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) to enable their numerous applications. Its main advantage at standard temperatures around 800 °C is the absence of growth saturation thanks to the renewal of catalytic particles through the continuous supply of a metal precursor. However, at lower temperature to grow VACNTs on substrates affording only medium range temperatures (eg. aluminum), some saturation occurs, especially as long syntheses duration are required due to the reduced growth rate. We show here how to overcome this limitation and produce tall and dense VACNT carpets at 615 °C on various grades of aluminum flexible foils. Adding CO₂ in the gas phase delays the saturation and avoid the degradation of the carpet for synthesis duration above 2 h. Results are consistently better on higher grade substrates, due to the impact of roughness on VACNT nucleation. The trade-off line between mass density and height often reported in the case of 2-steps CCVD does not affect the one-step process. On polished Al foils, VACNTs almost 1 mm-tall are obtained with densities greater than 100 mg/cm³. Growth rate and quality of VACNTs are at the state-of-the-art for syntheses at such moderate temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and ambient temperature flash O-functionalization of chlorocardium rodiei-based carbon for toxic metal adsorption","authors":"Hamant E. France,&nbsp;O.L.K. Strong,&nbsp;Andrew J. Vreugdenhil","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbons with their typically diverse array of heteroatom surface functionality are well-known adsorbent materials. Adsorbent functionalization by increasing oxygen heteroatom content is an important modification technique. Wet oxidation with concentrated nitric acid is among the most ubiquitous and productive strategies but current oxidation regimes utilize extended residence times and cause undesirable losses in specific surface area. Here, we fabricated activated carbons from <em>Chlorocardium rodiei</em> waste wood and evaluated the changes in physicochemical properties of this adsorbent when subjected to a little explored, ambient temperature, low-residence time oxidation procedure. We evaluated the types of oxygen speciation generated under various regimes and studied their impact on the removal efficiencies of Pb²⁺, Al³⁺ and Mn²⁺ in model solutions at pH 3. Flash oxidation with 10 M nitric acid for 60 min resulted in only a 12 % loss in specific surface area and increased the total carbon-bound oxygen content by 8 atomic %. This enhanced adsorption of Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺by 22 % and 5 % respectively. Al³⁺ and Pb²⁺removal efficiencies were strongly correlated with the presence of carbonyl and alcohol functional groups while Mn²⁺ was poorly adsorbed and had a negative correlation with acidic groups. The adsorption of each metal was therefore predominantly mediated by different oxygen moieties on the material surface. These results demonstrate that flash oxidation can yield strong increases in oxygen while preserving surface area and is a viable addition to existing oxygen heteroatom functionalization strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of carbon phases in ureilite meteorites using electron microscopy techniques","authors":"Alan G. Salek ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Tomkins ,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Wilson ,&nbsp;Colin M. MacRae ,&nbsp;Brock M. Nicholas ,&nbsp;Dougal G. McCulloch","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ureilites contain up to 7 % carbon, which is much higher than other meteorites, and most contain higher concentrations of diamond than rocks on Earth. Graphite, amorphous carbon and lonsdaleite have also been reported in ureilites, but the petrogenesis of carbon phases, their crystallinity and structural inter-relationships are strongly debated. Here, we employ advanced electron microscopy techniques to investigate the morphology and microstructure of carbon phases in ureilite meteorites. Diamonds are present as single crystals (up to 20 μm in size) containing nano-FeS crystals, and smaller defective diamonds surrounded by FeS/FeNiS crystals, suggesting that a catalytic effect may be assisting their formation. Two main types of graphite were observed: well-ordered euhedral graphite and nanocrystalline graphite. The nanocrystalline graphite coexists with diamond and lonsdaleite in all ureilites containing these phases, whereas coarse euhedral graphite is only present in ureilites lacking diamond and lonsdaleite, suggesting the former is associated with diamond/lonsdaleite formation. The lonsdaleite was frequently found to contain cubic stacking faults and exhibited an orientation dependence in which the [<span><math><mrow><mn>210</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> direction of lonsdaleite aligned with the [001] direction of adjacent nanocrystalline graphite. Therefore, given that the lonsdaleite-bearing regions contain folds and kink bands resembling the euhedral graphite, we suggest that lonsdaleite + nanocrystalline graphite formed by replacement of the well-ordered graphite following a catastrophic impact that disrupted the ureilite parent body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and physical characterization of carbon quantum dots from watermelon seed towards a biological application","authors":"Marlene Puchaicela ,&nbsp;David Lara ,&nbsp;Vinicio J. Cevallos ,&nbsp;Alexis Garzón ,&nbsp;Jules Gardener ,&nbsp;Guillermo Solorzano ,&nbsp;Lilian Spencer ,&nbsp;Johnny Chimborazo","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) incorporated into hydrogels are promising materials for drug delivery applications, especially wound dressings. Its green synthesis, using biomass such as watermelon seeds, offers important economic, environmental, and technological advantages. This aligns with the principles of the circular economy and supports their potential for biomedical use. In this work, the CQDs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method from watermelon seeds. Their physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrogels were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to assess CQDs’ antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, both in their pure form and integrated into the hydrogels. HRTEM analysis revealed that CQDs exhibited a quasi-spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 12–13 nm, as well as, AFM measurements confirmed a similar size of diameter distribution with an average height of 0.385 nm. Raman spectroscopy identified two dominant peaks at <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>1340</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>1590</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, corresponding to the disordered D-band and the crystalline G-band, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups, including hydroxyl, amine, <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> hybridized C<img>H bonds, carbonyl, alkene/alkyne, amide, ether, and C<img>O bonds. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen elements, while fluorescence microscopy revealed strong, sustained photoluminescence in the blue range. Lastly, biological tests showed that CQDs, in isolation, did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. However, cytotoxicity assessments demonstrated that CQDs in pure form were non-toxic at a concentration of 0.03 mg/ml. Conversely, when integrated into PVA and HPMC hydrogels, a toxic effect was observed at the same concentration. When combined with HPMC alone, a slight toxicity was observed. These findings suggest that CQDs’ high photoluminescence and minimal cytotoxicity make them excellent candidates for hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in wound care applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of silicon doping effects on the mechanical behavior of the defective graphene nanosheet","authors":"Mahdi Kazemi,&nbsp;Iman jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atomic doping, the process of introducing guest atoms into a material's crystal lattice, has been shown to have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of nanosheets. Recently, researchers have increasingly focused on understanding and harnessing the potential of atomic doping to affect the mechanical performance of the nanoscale materials. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) approach implemented to describe Si doping effects on the mechanical performance of defective graphene nanosheet. MD results predicted the Si atomic doping ratio don’t disturb equilibrium phase of pristine nanostrucutre and affected the mechanical respond of them, appreciably. Numerically, the ultimate strength (US) of defective nanosheets changes from 75.23 to 61.83 GPa, by doping ratio variation from 1 % to 5 %, respectively. Also, the Young’s modulus (YM) of these samples varies from 371.51 to 341.77 GPa. These computational outputs indicated the Si doping process can be supposed as effective mechanism to manipulation of the mechanical/structural strength of defective graphene nanosheet-based samples in actual cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoonions inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils from whey protein isolate","authors":"Lisha Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Kang ,&nbsp;Hu Shi ,&nbsp;Lizhen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of carbon nanomaterials on whey protein isolate (WPI), composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanonions (CNOs) with WPI were synthesized. The structures and interactions of these composites were characterized using techniques such as TEM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Upon combining CNTs and CNOs with WPI, it was observed that WPI did not form fibers but instead wrapped around the carbon nanomaterials, causing agglomeration. Compared with WPI/CNTs composites, WPI/CNOs exhibited higher stability. SEM images and XRD diffraction peaks both indicated that CNTs were completely wrapped by WPI, while CNOs were not fully wrapped, with some parts exposed on the protein surface. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) revealed that double-walled carbon nanoonions (C₆₀@C₂₄₀) reduced the β-sheet and α-helix content of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), while double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) increased the α-helical protein content. Both types of carbon nanomaterials inhibited the conformational changes of β-lg protein associated with the formation of amyloid fibrils. The fluctuations in the internal hydrogen bond interactions of β-lg protein in the three systems indicated that the secondary structure of β-lg protein had indeed changed after its interaction with carbon nanomaterials. CNOs formed stronger interactions with WPI, resulting in greater stability of the CNOs/WPI composite. This study elucidated the inhibitory effect of CNTs and CNOs on the fibril formation of WPI, which may hold significant implications for the application of nanocarbon and protein composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistivity of individual fibrous aggregates of carbon nanohorns","authors":"Mayumi Kosaka ,&nbsp;Ryota Yuge","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to evaluate the characteristics of individual fibrous aggregates of carbon nanohorns, also known as carbon nanobrush (CNB), CNBs were attached to a substrate in a monodisperse state, taking advantage of the strong adhesive force of CNB to surfaces. By preventing the CNBs from clumping together with the spherical aggregates of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) contained in the CNB product, we were able to successfully measure the resistance of individual CNB using SEM-based nanomanipulation. The results showed that the resistivity of CNBs was 0.02 Ωcm, which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of CNHs, indicating that CNBs are highly conductive. CNB has a structure in which CNTs are at the center and nanohorns are aggregated around them, and our findings revealed that the nanohorn portion is the main contributor to conductivity in CNB. Moreover, the central CNT plays an important role in maintaining the morphology of CNB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu and Co supported on Vulcan XC-72R nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and phenol degradation","authors":"Ivelina Tsacheva ,&nbsp;Mariela Dimitrova ,&nbsp;Adriana Gigova ,&nbsp;Ognian Dimitrov ,&nbsp;Dzhamal Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, we reported microwave-assisted synthesis of Cu- and Co-containing nanocomposites supported on Vulcan XC-72R. The nanocomposites were structurally characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS techniques. The results were confirmed that the propose synthesis method was suitable, efficient, and easy to use for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials. The nanocomposites were used as electrocatalysts in an electrochemical system of phenol degradation. Co-containing electrode material was reached 31 % phenol degradation. The electrolysis of phenol degradation was conducted at a constant current density of 10 mA/cm², an initial concentration of phenol of 0.158 mg/ml, a pH of 6.8, a processing time of two hours, and at a temperature of 20 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel optimized computational approach to investigate the motion of a single-walled carbon nanotube conveying fluid flow","authors":"J. Vahidi ,&nbsp;S.M. Golmaei ,&nbsp;Morteza Jamshidi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current investigation, the nonlinear vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube is analyzed both numerically and analytically. The nonlocal beam model and Pasternak foundation are employed to evaluate the nanotube's vibration behavior. The deflection equation, which serves as the primary variable in this study, effectively captures the nonlinear vibrational characteristics commonly observed in engineering applications. A novel meshless scheme—the optimized Akbari-Ganji method (OAGM)—has been developed and applied to solve the governing differential equation. The term <em>optimization</em> has been intentionally emphasized in this context to highlight a key innovation of the study: the refinement and enhancement of the original Akbari-Ganji method through systematic optimization techniques to improve convergence, accuracy, and computational efficiency. This advancement not only distinguishes the present research from prior approaches but also underscores its practical applicability in complex engineering problems. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through comparison with previous studies, revealing that the OAGM delivers a fast, reliable, and highly accurate analytical approximation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}