Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100518
Araceli Granja Alvear , Silvana Chiriboga , Sebastian Ojeda , Gottfried Suppan , Lola De Lima , Vivian Morera , Julio C. Chacón-Torres , Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez , Floralba López
{"title":"Tunable electrical properties of polysaccharide films from grafted-pectin nanocomposites","authors":"Araceli Granja Alvear , Silvana Chiriboga , Sebastian Ojeda , Gottfried Suppan , Lola De Lima , Vivian Morera , Julio C. Chacón-Torres , Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez , Floralba López","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin films of grafted pectin were prepared by incorporating thiourea into its structure, using epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker agent. In addition, silver nanoparticles were embedded in the polymer matrix. The changes in the chemical and structural properties of modified pectin were evidenced by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), while its morphological properties of silver nanoparticles were evaluated by STEM and DLS. Such structural and morphological characterization, along with the optical properties determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy, confirmed the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in the pectin films. The XRD study indicates that the grafting of thiourea onto pectin reinforces its structure, which is reflected in the alteration of the resulting polymer’s amorphousness by hindering the relaxation of its structure; this change is responsible for the decrease in conductivity observed by EIS. The ionic conductivity and band gap energy were estimated by Tauc plot using the UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance measurements. The remarkably different electrical behavior, diffuse reflectance, and electrochemical impedance (EIS) exhibited by the nanocomposite compared to pristine pectin are consistent with the observed structural changes. Due to a potential conductive network that facilitates ion movement, adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the pectin matrix improves ionic conductivity and influences the optical band gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100547
Pascal Puech , Damien Tristant , Shaorui Chen , Shae Wetzel , Yuxin Xiang , Tianzhao Hu , Lili Zhang , Marc Monthioux , Feng Li
{"title":"Charge transfer during sodium-ion intercalation in graphite-like anodes as determined by Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Pascal Puech , Damien Tristant , Shaorui Chen , Shae Wetzel , Yuxin Xiang , Tianzhao Hu , Lili Zhang , Marc Monthioux , Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium intercalation in graphite is known to be unstable, posing a challenge for energy storage applications based on this cation. This study combines Raman spectroscopy with first-principles calculations, including electron-phonon coupling, to investigate charge transfer mechanisms and stability in Na-intercalated graphite. Contrary to theoretical predictions on a pure Na graphite intercalated compound, Raman data show no evidence of so-called mechanical coupling between Na<sup>+</sup> ions and graphene layers. As we have selected a partially graphitized carbon with an intense 2D band for the anode, analyzing the Raman shifts of both the G and 2D bands is possible and allows us to discriminate between doping and lattice expansion treated as strain effects. The observed shifts are fully explained by a simple charge-transfer mechanism to each graphene layer. At stage one intercalation, a charge transfer value of -0.17±0.02 |e<sup>-</sup>| per carbon atom is determined. These findings highlight the ability of Raman spectroscopy to quantify charge transfer and differentiate intercalation behaviors between the various alkali metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact modeling of low-voltage Ti3C2Tx MXene-based TFTs for 1-bit ALU circuit implementation","authors":"Mukuljeet Singh Mehrolia , Ritesh Kumar Chourasia , Komal , Ankit Verma , Abhishek Kumar Singh , Nitesh K. Chourasia","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to realize a 1-Bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), this article provides an explanation of the fabrication process for a thin film transistor (TFT) that is based on MXene and operates at low voltage. The Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>−MXene/SnO<sub>2</sub> acts as an active layer of TFT, Li-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> possess high-k value is used as dielectric layer of this TFT. Aluminum serves as electrode for source and drain, for gate electrode silicon is employed. This fabricated device operated at low voltage ∼ 2 V and exhibits good performance parameters as threshold voltage of 1.2 V, subthreshold swing of 194 <span><math><mfrac><mi>mV</mi><mi>decade</mi></mfrac></math></span>, on-off ratio ∼ 10<sup>5</sup> and mobility 10.6 <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>c</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>sec</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span> . Additionally, using Silvaco-Techmodeler tool this fabricated device is compact modeled which is used ahead for the implementation of 1-Bit ALU circuit by the means of Silvaco-Gateway tool. This compact modelling obtaining by Silvaco-Techmodeler tool provides good accuracy ∼ 100% as small fraction of error is estimated between fabricated and modeled data (0.001% and 0.92%). Silvaco-Gateway tool helps for the implementation of 1-Bit ALU circuit in which all the outputs of logic circuits as AND, NOT, OR and XNOR and outputs that are governed by select lines are analyzed which confirms satisfactory transient characteristics for all cases. This fabricated, low-voltage and compact modeled device would be utilized ahead for the realization of microprocessors and memory circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nature-inspired three-dimensional foam-like porous carbon surface modified separator for high-performance Li-S batteries","authors":"Krishnan Vignesh , Tamilarasan Mathivanan , Mariappan Ganeshbabu , Nuthalapati Prasanna Naga Puneeth , Balasubramaniam Ramkumar , Yun Sung Lee , Ramakrishnan Kalai Selvan","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing growth of electric vehicles and portable electronics has led to a surplus energy demand in recent decades. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have garnered significant attention and are believed to be the most promising future for sustainable high energy supply. Despite their high theoretical capacity, polysulfide shuttling has been a thorny drawback for their experimental performance degradation. In this work, lichen (<em>Parmotrema stuppeum</em>), a unique species with a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with fungi and algae, was used as a biomass for carbon precursor to modify the glass fiber (GF) separator. The necessary 3-dimensional porous carbon structure and active surface functional groups are obtained without extra additives. The porous network associated with <span>l</span>-600 accompanies foam-like structures that are anticipated to filter up polysulfides and facilitate lithium ions transport in the electrode-electrolyte interface. Thereby, the porous architecture ensures physical sites and traps dissolved polysulfide intermediate compounds, holding them as potential active materials that can undergo catalytic reactions within the cathode side. The Li-S cell, accompanied by the modified separator (L-600), offered a high initial specific capacity of 1330 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.2 C. Further, the Li-S cell offered a prolonged reversible capacity of 725 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 200 cycles, with a capacity degradation rate of 0.22 % per cycle. Post-stability analysis of the Li-S separator confirms the effectiveness of the modified separator in mitigating polysulfide shuttling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100544
Dipoo Kumar , Anil Painuly , V Vinu Viswanath , P Sunil , Deepak Kumar Agarwal , Gomathi Nageswaran
{"title":"Impact of process parameter on the behaviors of microstructure of pyrocarbon deposited in chemical vapour infiltration process","authors":"Dipoo Kumar , Anil Painuly , V Vinu Viswanath , P Sunil , Deepak Kumar Agarwal , Gomathi Nageswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical Vapour Infiltration (CVI) is one of the most effective and widely used process techniques for the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix (CFRC) composites. However, the CVI process is time-intensive, highly sensitive to process parameters, and demands precise control to achieve the desired microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) matrix. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted by varying the CVI process parameter using a Taguchi orthogonal array design to systematically investigate the effects of key parameters on PyC deposition. The quality and microstructure of the deposited PyC were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of temperature, pressure, methane gas flow rate, and nitrogen gas flow rate on the texture and graphitic structure of PyC was evaluated. Additionally, the impact of the graphitization process on the microstructure of PyC was evaluated. The results indicate that low temperature, low pressure, high methane flow rate, and low nitrogen flow rate favors the formation of high-texture, ordered crystalline PyC deposition. Each process parameter was found to significantly affect the resulting microstructure and crystalline quality of the CVI-deposited PyC. Based on this study, process guidelines are proposed for the densification of carbon fiber preform to realize C/C composite products for commercial and strategic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100542
Yan-lin Li , Chong-pan Ma , Xiao-lei Sun , Qi-hang Lou , Yuan-jian Tong , Yu Wang
{"title":"The effect of in-situ electrochemical grafting of KH-792 onto carbon fibers on surface properties","authors":"Yan-lin Li , Chong-pan Ma , Xiao-lei Sun , Qi-hang Lou , Yuan-jian Tong , Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibers(CFs) have a carbon content as high as 90 % and exhibit chemical inertness on their surface. They must undergo surface activation treatment before being used as a reinforcing phases in composite materials. In this study, in-situ electrochemical grafting technology was employed to link the molecules of γ-aminoethyl aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-792), which had undergone hydrolysis condensation, onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based CFs. The effect of electrochemical grafting of KH-792 on the surface physical and chemical structure and properties of the CFs were investigated through testing methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, single-filament tensile, and dynamic contact angle (DCAT). The results indicated that after electrochemical grafting with a KH-792/NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> composite electrolyte, the number of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing groups on the fiber surface was significantly increased, resulting in improved surface wettability of carbon fibers. Electrochemical grafting and acid ion etching lead to a slight decrease in the degree of graphitization (R) of carbon fibers, but the mechanical properties remain stable After treatment with KH-792 under 3 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> current density conditions, KH-792 treatment resulted in a peak of active functional group content on the surface of carbon fibers. Consequently, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) value of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy based composites increased by 56 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100540
Devyesh Rana , Emma Egli , Lourdes Salamanca-Riba , Steven R. Lustig
{"title":"Carbon chemical speciation and polymerization in liquid metals","authors":"Devyesh Rana , Emma Egli , Lourdes Salamanca-Riba , Steven R. Lustig","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the chemical speciation and thermodynamics of metal-carbon polymerization in liquid metals such as aluminum, copper, and silver is critical to advancing carbon-based materials with unique properties. Metalocarbons, low molecular weight metal-carbon species, are identified using <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics (AIMD) by monitoring the long-time evolution of thermodynamically favored species within explicit metal atom solvent. Thermochemical analysis predicts that metalographene structures are thermodynamically more stable than smaller metalocarbon species, suggesting that metalocarbons can be polymerized into larger metalographenes in liquid aluminum, copper, and silver solutions. We identify the influence of charge and electric field on the metal solution reaction mechanism thermodynamics. Redox reactions greatly affect the step addition equilibrium constants. The COnductor-like State MOdel (COSMO) of solvation and AIMD predict aluminum-carbon vibrational spectra from inelastic neutron scattering (INS) within liquid metal and solid metal compositions. An experimental INS spectrum of an aluminum covetic with 3 wt% carbon matches specific aluminographenes. The findings highlight a novel methodology for synthesizing and characterizing carbon-metal hybrid materials, offering significant implications for graphene production, sustainable materials design, and advanced applications in energy storage, electronics, and environmental technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100541
Kazufumi Kobashi, Don N. Futaba, Shun Muroga, Takeo Yamada, Toshiya Okazaki, Kenji Hata
{"title":"Mapping aggregate transformations in dispersions with automated particle image analysis","authors":"Kazufumi Kobashi, Don N. Futaba, Shun Muroga, Takeo Yamada, Toshiya Okazaki, Kenji Hata","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregates in dispersions are widely utilized to produce the composites, fibers, and thick films, however, the relationship between the CNT aggregate morphology and the intrinsic CNT properties remains unclear. To elucidate this point, the morphology of thousands of CNT aggregates was characterized by particle image analysis from which we generated a map of aggregate size and shape distributions to describe and interpret the changing structures. Based on size and shape distributions, we classified the aggregate structures from aligned CNT forest into four groups: (1) macroclusters, (2) filaments, (3) mesh, and (4) fine particles. In this way, we demonstrated porous yet robust CNT films with high electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, elucidating correlations between the CNT aggregate structures in dispersions and the film properties. The CNT aggregate structures in different dispersion states were visualized using sizes and shapes for each of CNT aggregates. The structural transformations from as-grown aligned CNTs to mesh-like, isotropic aggregate structures could be accurately tracked. These findings can assist CNT users in identifying the most suitable CNT aggregate structures for their targeted applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100539
Xin Zheng , Igor L. Bolotin , Beria Tanriover , Kumuditha Rathnayake , Erik J. Askins , Jordi Cabana , Neal P. Mankad , Ksenija D. Glusac
{"title":"Chlorination and oxygenation of carbon electrodes for covalent attachment of thiol-terminated molecules","authors":"Xin Zheng , Igor L. Bolotin , Beria Tanriover , Kumuditha Rathnayake , Erik J. Askins , Jordi Cabana , Neal P. Mankad , Ksenija D. Glusac","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports covalent edge plane chlorination of carbon electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with thiol-containing redox-active molecules. Specifically, the reactivity of edge C-H groups on glassy carbon (GC) and carbon powder (CP) electrodes with chlorinating reagents, iodine monochloride and iron(III) chloride, was investigated under varying reaction conditions. The degree of chlorination was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Chlorination was observed under all tested conditions, with the C-H to C-Cl conversion strongly influenced by electrode pretreatment, reaction time, and type of carbon electrode used. We further investigated the reactivity of surface C-Cl groups in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with (6-mercaptohexyl)ferrocene, (Fc(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>SH). The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were compared with those of control samples prepared using anodized carbon and gold electrodes. XPS, infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry confirmed the successful thiol-ferrocene functionalization of the chlorinated electrodes, though higher surface coverages were achieved on anodized carbon electrodes. These results indicate that thiols react not only with C-Cl groups but also with oxygen-containing groups present on anodized carbon surfaces. We further explored this reactivity in the use of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiol as a bridging linker to anchor a molybdenum-based complex onto chlorinated and anodized carbon surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon TrendsPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100535
Thomas Leiner, David Holec
{"title":"Revealing trends in catalytic activity of adatoms for hydrogen adsorption on carbon: A case study of graphene and carbon nanotube","authors":"Thomas Leiner, David Holec","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions necessitates advancements in hydrogen storage technologies. This study investigates the hydrogen adsorption characteristics of graphene and an (8,0) carbon nanotube (CNT) decorated with adatoms of various elements. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the universal interatomic potential ’PreFerred Potential’ (PFP) implemented in the Matlantis framework, we explore the hydrogen storage capabilities of these doped carbon structures at 77<!--> <!-->K. We analyze the adsorption efficiency based on the position of adatoms (top, bridge, and hollow sites) and find that the group II elements, such as calcium and strontium, exhibit significant hydrogen uptake. Additionally, light elements like lithium and sodium demonstrate enhanced gravimetric hydrogen storage due to their low atomic mass. Our findings provide insights into the potential of doped graphene and CNTs for efficient hydrogen storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}