Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic synthesis of iron-doped graphitic aerogels from poly(phloroglucinol-terephthalaldehyde – urethane) precursors","authors":"Stephen Yaw Owusu,&nbsp;Rushi U. Soni ,&nbsp;Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a new class of graphitic carbon aerogel precursors based on iron oxide-doped poly(phloroglucinol-terephthalaldehyde–urethane) (T-POL/PU-FeOx) networks. The hybrid polymeric network incorporates a rigid aromatic triisocyanate, tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, which reacts in situ with the hydroxyl groups of phloroglucinol to form a polyurethane-containing framework. Monolithic aerogels derived from this system undergo catalytic graphitization at significantly reduced temperatures (800–1500 °C) compared to conventional graphitization (2500–3300 °C). An oxidative ring fusion aromatization step (240 °C, air) prior to pyrolysis enhanced the degree of graphitization. The resulting graphitic aerogels were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, TEM, SEM, XPS, and N₂ sorption porosimetry. Compared to their purely phenolic analogs, graphitic carbons derived from the polyurethane-containing precursors exhibited enhanced porosity and higher surface areas. Optimal graphitization was achieved at 1500 °C, yielding aerogels primarily composed of 100 % (w/w) graphitic carbon. During pyrolysis, iron oxides facilitated carbothermal reduction to form Fe(0) nanoparticles embedded within the carbon matrix. These materials can find applications ranging from catalysis (e.g., oxygen reduction reaction - ORR) to biomedical applications (drug delivery). Additionally, none of the procedures for preparing these materials caused significant damage to the monoliths, making these materials useful for form-factor dependent applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing amoxicillin photodegradation with GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites via RSM, ANN, and ANFIS","authors":"Seyed Ghasem Rezvannasab ,&nbsp;Navid Safari ,&nbsp;Abdol Mohammad Ghaedi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visible-light photocatalysis has been reported to be one of the most effective means of wastewater treatment with high removal efficiency, process simplicity, and environmental friendliness. Photocatalytic degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX) was achieved successfully with GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared via the hydrothermal process. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and FTIR analysis. Three modeling approaches - adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN), and response surface methodology (RSM) - were employed to understand the relationships between input variables and photocatalytic degradation performance. R² values of 0.9876, 0.9159, and 0.7616 were obtained for RSM, ANN, and ANFIS, respectively, which indicates that the predictive capability of RSM and ANN models was better than ANFIS. The maximum degradation of amoxicillin of 91.01 % was realized within 105 min at 0.588 mg/mL GO/TiO₂ dosage, initial 36 mg/L AMX concentration, and pH 5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in coated carbon nanotube-reinforced metal matrix composites: Challenges, techniques, and performance enhancement","authors":"M.A. Mowazzem Hossain,&nbsp;Hamimul Islam Chowdhury,&nbsp;M.A. Shadab Siddiqui,&nbsp;Md. Sakib Hossain,&nbsp;M.S. Rabbi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable scholarly attention over the past few decades as reinforcement materials in metal matrix composites (MMCs). This increasing interest is mainly due to their unique structural characteristics and exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, weak interfacial bonding and agglomeration of CNTs significantly reduce their reinforcement efficiency. These issues can be solved by surface functionalization and coating techniques. The effectiveness of MMC applications is contingent upon successfully addressing and overcoming the associated challenges. This paper aims to explore the recent advances in coated CNT-reinforced MMCs to address these issues. The pros and cons of using various coating materials, including nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and metal oxides, for coated CNTs as reinforcement material are comprehensively reviewed in this article. Moreover, various coated CNT fabrication techniques such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and electroless deposition are illustrated along with their merits and demerits. Among these methods, electrodeposition has proven to be the most widely used coating technique. Research findings show that Ni-coated CNT/magnesium (Mg) composites and titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated CNT/aluminum (Al) composites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. On the contrary, silver-coated CNT/Cu composites exhibit superior electrical conductivity. The study emphasizes that selecting the appropriate coating metal depends primarily on the desired final properties of the composite. In addition, the paper highlights current challenges in the field and suggests potential future research avenues aimed at improving the performance of coated CNT-reinforced MMCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological characterisation of an innovative, shaped carbon from bagasse by comparison to two commercially available carbons","authors":"Katrin Markuske ,&nbsp;Katja Schaldach ,&nbsp;Thomas Storch ,&nbsp;Kabriil Khajryan ,&nbsp;Volker Herdegen ,&nbsp;Tobias Michael Fieback","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing adsorbents from renewable raw materials offers a sustainable alternative to reduce reliance on fossil resources for fluid stream purification in packed beds. This study focuses on a pelletised shaped carbon adsorbent derived from bagasse, an agricultural by-product of sugar production, as a promising raw material with high ecological and value-enhancing potential. Comprehensive physico-mechanical and adsorption-specific characterisations (e.g., specific surface area, pore size distribution, pore volume) were conducted. With regard to specific areas of application, the adsorption behaviour of the shaped carbon from bagasse for CO₂, N₂, and CH₄ at 293 K, as well as its cycle stability under pressure variations (0.1/3.0 MPa), were determined gravimetrically and compared to two commercial activated carbons (Norit® ROW and HOK® Activated Lignite). In addition, industrial performance is indicated using breakthrough behaviour and evaluating the suitability for aqueous separation applications by iodine and methylene blue number.</div><div>The shaped carbon from bagasse demonstrated promising properties, including a ball pan hardness of ∼ 99 % and a specific surface area of ∼ 390 m²/g. This study highlights the potential of bagasse-derived shaped carbon as a sustainable and efficient adsorbent. The findings provide a comprehensive classification of the material, enabling its targeted selection for gaseous and aqueous separation tasks based on material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multidiverse graphene oxide: How the fine structure affects structural analysis and performance in reverse osmosis membranes","authors":"Christian E. Halbig ,&nbsp;Rahul Zambare ,&nbsp;Bristy Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Slaven Garaj","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a comparative study, we obtained 27 different commercially available graphene oxide samples (GOs) from around the world and applied a wide range of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques commonly used for structural analysis of graphene-based materials. Surprisingly, we found that a correlation of the recorded data did not follow significantly strong trends. This suggests that the fine structure and stereochemistry of individual GO samples, together with other macroscopic material parameters, are mainly responsible for the lack of comparability of the data obtained. Ultimately, these factors have a huge impact on the thermal degradation processes and also on the performance of GO in its subsequent application, as exemplified here for ion-water separation by reverse osmosis using GO-based membranes. This shows once again that graphene oxide is not the name of a single and well-defined nanomaterial, but rather the general term for a class of heterogeneous graphene-based materials with abundant oxo-functional groups and a wide range of physicochemical properties. The results presented should help researchers around the world to be aware of the vast differences behind the term GO and its associated properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, morphology, and structural properties of graphene oxide (GO) and its composites with transition metal phosphates for application in water purification: A review","authors":"Lebohang Seromo ,&nbsp;Nagi Greesh ,&nbsp;Julia Puseletso Mofokeng","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO)-based nanocomposites have numerous applications in today's life, with water purification being the leading one. The recently studied GO-based nanocomposites include transition metal phosphates (TMPs) (zirconium phosphate (ZrP), cobalt phosphate (CoP), silver phosphate (AgP), nickel phosphate (NiP), and titanium phosphate (TiP). The modification of GO with transition metal phosphates increases its number of oxygen-containing functional groups, as compared to other GO-based nanocomposites. The TMPs improve the heavy metals adsorption efficiency of GO. Moreover, they generally improve its thermal stability and ion exchange properties, making it ideal for a large spectrum of applications. For water treatment applications, it is crucial to understand the structural and morphological properties of the prepared nanocomposites before studying their effectiveness in purifying water. Thereafter, it is necessary to table out the appropriate method and the relevant tests required to study the effectiveness of the prepared nanocomposite. The effect of pH, interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate, and contact time are some of the important parameters during the adsorption tests of toxic heavy metals. The most toxic heavy metals include mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As). This study is intended to review the GO, transition metal phosphates, and GO-based nanocomposite's morphology and structural properties, as well as their potential use as toxic heavy metal adsorbents in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of CO, CO2 and NO2 onto nanographenes (NGs), anchored systems as NG−(ZnO)n n = 1-6: An ab initio molecular dynamics calculations","authors":"A. C. Piñón Reyes ,&nbsp;M. Salazar Villanueva","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the chemical interaction between different gases and functionalized semiconductor clusters, DFT (Density functional theory) simulations were performed.</div><div>For this work the primary objective is to understand the behavior of nanographenes NGs →C (carbon atoms) functionalized with a cluster of zinc oxide (ZnO)_n of different sizes <em>n</em> = 1-6, to understand the effects of smallest clusters, hence it is important to stablish the adsorption tendency at first stages. This first step is the basis for evaluating the chemical interaction between CO, CO₂, and NO₂ with functionalized semiconductor clusters. The objective is to study changes in adsorption trends, considering different gases and clusters sizes.</div><div>The adsorption energy values for C-(ZnO)₂-CO, C-ZnO-CO₂ and C-ZnO-NO₂ are -0.195 eV, -0.543 eV and -3.042 eV respectively, which is related to the results of lower average length distance A.B.L. obtained between the atoms of the species studied (distance of Zn atom to CO, CO₂ and NO₂). Due to the active sites, there is presence of a chemisorption in C-ZnO-NO₂ system, but in C-(ZnO)₂-CO and C-ZnO-CO₂ present physisorption. The electron gap values do not vary significantly for <em>n</em> = 3-6 and the HOMO-LUMO isosurfaces are depicted for all systems. The electron transfer at the adsorption sites is directed from the chemical species toward the CO, CO₂, and NO₂ in all the systems analyzed. Based on these findings, C-(ZnO)₂-CO, C-ZnO-CO₂ and C-(ZnO)₁-NO₂ systems are potential options for CO, CO₂, and NO₂ gas storage, respectively. In addition, an analysis has been carried out on the behavior of larger GNs systems. These results may be useful to researchers in the potential design of a gas storage device for energy applications that are environmentally friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-in-one inks for one-step printing of solid-state graphene micro-supercapacitors on cellulose substrates","authors":"Jian Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Zhong ,&nbsp;Woo Jin Hyun","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Printable graphene inks, widely developed for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), facilitate the fabrication of microscale graphene electrodes with complex interdigitated structures. However, dense graphene flake packing in printed electrodes hinders electrolyte penetration, reducing the electrode/electrolyte interface for the electric double layer and thereby limiting the capacitance. Here, all-in-one inks are introduced to print electrodes and electrolytes simultaneously for graphene MSCs. The inks are prepared based on graphene flakes coated with polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and an ionic liquid (IL). Printing these inks through an appropriately designed stencil on cellulose substrates forms interdigitated graphene electrodes along with solid-state PPC/IL layers that enable ion transport between the electrodes. Furthermore, the IL deposited with graphene flakes in the printed electrodes enhances the electrode/electrolyte interface, promoting the formation of the electric double layer. The resulting graphene MSCs exhibit exceptional areal capacitance, exceeding 4 mF cm⁻². This one-step printing method also allows the fabrication of graphene MSCs in parallel or series connections, which extends operating time or voltage, offering a streamlined and scalable approach for the production of high-performance solid-state graphene MSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of thermal stabilization temperature and duration on the pore structure of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers","authors":"T. Fischer ,&nbsp;M. Pagel ,&nbsp;A. Kretzschmar ,&nbsp;V. Selmert ,&nbsp;S. Jovanovic ,&nbsp;R. Rameker ,&nbsp;H. Kungl ,&nbsp;H. Tempel ,&nbsp;R.-A. Eichel","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work analyzes the impact of temperature and duration during thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN-based) nanofibers on the pore formation of carbon nanofibers. Two sample series at different stabilization durations (0–15 h) and temperatures (200–300 °C) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and gas adsorption. A significant increase of the pore volume of the carbonized nanofibers from 0.039 cm³ <em>g</em>⁻¹ to 0.171 cm³ <em>g</em>⁻¹ was obtained for long stabilization durations (&gt; 4 h). Similar increases up to 0.166 cm³ <em>g</em>⁻¹ were obtained at high stabilization temperatures (&gt; 250 °C). This increased pore formation was assigned to the growth of larger stabilized ladder polymers and a high incorporation of oxygen during the thermal stabilization at these conditions. Both alter the structure of the final carbon nanofibers and strongly affect the formation of pore volume during carbonization. Especially, the formation of the ultramicropore volume was found to be highly dependent on these parameters. The results show the necessity of a careful consideration of the thermal stabilization conditions for tailoring of the pore structure of PAN-based carbon nanofibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of S-doped mesoporous carbon and its use in advanced supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Zha-Xi Wan-Me,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Hui-Zhan Wen,&nbsp;Xue-Ying Wan,&nbsp;Yu-Long Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational design of mesoporous carbon materials with controllable pore structures and higher specific surface areas has always been a daunting challenge in advanced energy materials. Here, we propose a simple hydrothermal synthesis strategy for the preparation of sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon (SMC), which exhibits hierarchical porosity and a significantly increased specific surface area (650.22 m² g^-1). This structure is constructed through the molecular assembly of phenolic resin precursors with bifunctional sodium sulfate (simultaneously achieving sulfur doping and pore modulation), mediated by Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer as a mesostructure directing agent. System characterization indicates that the optimized SMC-0.1 material possesses excellent electrochemical properties: (1) as a supercapacitor electrode, it provides an outstanding specific capacitance of 188.9 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1; (2) the fabricated symmetrical device (SMC-0.1//SMC-0.1) achieves an energy density of 5.12 Wh kg^-1 at a power density of 150.07 W kg^-1 in a 6 M KOH electrolyte; (3) when used as a sodium-ion battery anode, SMC-0.1 exhibits excellent rate capability and improved Na⁺ diffusion kinetics. This study proposes a general heteroatom doping method to design multifunctional carbon structures with broad applicability in advanced energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}