Carbon Trends最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and physical characterization of carbon quantum dots from watermelon seed towards a biological application","authors":"Marlene Puchaicela ,&nbsp;David Lara ,&nbsp;Vinicio J. Cevallos ,&nbsp;Alexis Garzón ,&nbsp;Jules Gardener ,&nbsp;Guillermo Solorzano ,&nbsp;Lilian Spencer ,&nbsp;Johnny Chimborazo","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) incorporated into hydrogels are promising materials for drug delivery applications, especially wound dressings. Its green synthesis, using biomass such as watermelon seeds, offers important economic, environmental, and technological advantages. This aligns with the principles of the circular economy and supports their potential for biomedical use. In this work, the CQDs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method from watermelon seeds. Their physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrogels were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to assess CQDs’ antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, both in their pure form and integrated into the hydrogels. HRTEM analysis revealed that CQDs exhibited a quasi-spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 12–13 nm, as well as, AFM measurements confirmed a similar size of diameter distribution with an average height of 0.385 nm. Raman spectroscopy identified two dominant peaks at <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>1340</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mn>1590</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, corresponding to the disordered D-band and the crystalline G-band, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups, including hydroxyl, amine, <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> hybridized C<img>H bonds, carbonyl, alkene/alkyne, amide, ether, and C<img>O bonds. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen elements, while fluorescence microscopy revealed strong, sustained photoluminescence in the blue range. Lastly, biological tests showed that CQDs, in isolation, did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. However, cytotoxicity assessments demonstrated that CQDs in pure form were non-toxic at a concentration of 0.03 mg/ml. Conversely, when integrated into PVA and HPMC hydrogels, a toxic effect was observed at the same concentration. When combined with HPMC alone, a slight toxicity was observed. These findings suggest that CQDs’ high photoluminescence and minimal cytotoxicity make them excellent candidates for hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in wound care applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of silicon doping effects on the mechanical behavior of the defective graphene nanosheet","authors":"Mahdi Kazemi,&nbsp;Iman jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atomic doping, the process of introducing guest atoms into a material's crystal lattice, has been shown to have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of nanosheets. Recently, researchers have increasingly focused on understanding and harnessing the potential of atomic doping to affect the mechanical performance of the nanoscale materials. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) approach implemented to describe Si doping effects on the mechanical performance of defective graphene nanosheet. MD results predicted the Si atomic doping ratio don’t disturb equilibrium phase of pristine nanostrucutre and affected the mechanical respond of them, appreciably. Numerically, the ultimate strength (US) of defective nanosheets changes from 75.23 to 61.83 GPa, by doping ratio variation from 1 % to 5 %, respectively. Also, the Young’s modulus (YM) of these samples varies from 371.51 to 341.77 GPa. These computational outputs indicated the Si doping process can be supposed as effective mechanism to manipulation of the mechanical/structural strength of defective graphene nanosheet-based samples in actual cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoonions inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils from whey protein isolate","authors":"Lisha Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Kang ,&nbsp;Hu Shi ,&nbsp;Lizhen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of carbon nanomaterials on whey protein isolate (WPI), composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanonions (CNOs) with WPI were synthesized. The structures and interactions of these composites were characterized using techniques such as TEM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Upon combining CNTs and CNOs with WPI, it was observed that WPI did not form fibers but instead wrapped around the carbon nanomaterials, causing agglomeration. Compared with WPI/CNTs composites, WPI/CNOs exhibited higher stability. SEM images and XRD diffraction peaks both indicated that CNTs were completely wrapped by WPI, while CNOs were not fully wrapped, with some parts exposed on the protein surface. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) revealed that double-walled carbon nanoonions (C₆₀@C₂₄₀) reduced the β-sheet and α-helix content of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), while double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) increased the α-helical protein content. Both types of carbon nanomaterials inhibited the conformational changes of β-lg protein associated with the formation of amyloid fibrils. The fluctuations in the internal hydrogen bond interactions of β-lg protein in the three systems indicated that the secondary structure of β-lg protein had indeed changed after its interaction with carbon nanomaterials. CNOs formed stronger interactions with WPI, resulting in greater stability of the CNOs/WPI composite. This study elucidated the inhibitory effect of CNTs and CNOs on the fibril formation of WPI, which may hold significant implications for the application of nanocarbon and protein composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistivity of individual fibrous aggregates of carbon nanohorns","authors":"Mayumi Kosaka ,&nbsp;Ryota Yuge","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to evaluate the characteristics of individual fibrous aggregates of carbon nanohorns, also known as carbon nanobrush (CNB), CNBs were attached to a substrate in a monodisperse state, taking advantage of the strong adhesive force of CNB to surfaces. By preventing the CNBs from clumping together with the spherical aggregates of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) contained in the CNB product, we were able to successfully measure the resistance of individual CNB using SEM-based nanomanipulation. The results showed that the resistivity of CNBs was 0.02 Ωcm, which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of CNHs, indicating that CNBs are highly conductive. CNB has a structure in which CNTs are at the center and nanohorns are aggregated around them, and our findings revealed that the nanohorn portion is the main contributor to conductivity in CNB. Moreover, the central CNT plays an important role in maintaining the morphology of CNB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu and Co supported on Vulcan XC-72R nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and phenol degradation","authors":"Ivelina Tsacheva ,&nbsp;Mariela Dimitrova ,&nbsp;Adriana Gigova ,&nbsp;Ognian Dimitrov ,&nbsp;Dzhamal Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, we reported microwave-assisted synthesis of Cu- and Co-containing nanocomposites supported on Vulcan XC-72R. The nanocomposites were structurally characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS techniques. The results were confirmed that the propose synthesis method was suitable, efficient, and easy to use for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials. The nanocomposites were used as electrocatalysts in an electrochemical system of phenol degradation. Co-containing electrode material was reached 31 % phenol degradation. The electrolysis of phenol degradation was conducted at a constant current density of 10 mA/cm², an initial concentration of phenol of 0.158 mg/ml, a pH of 6.8, a processing time of two hours, and at a temperature of 20 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel optimized computational approach to investigate the motion of a single-walled carbon nanotube conveying fluid flow","authors":"J. Vahidi ,&nbsp;S.M. Golmaei ,&nbsp;Morteza Jamshidi","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current investigation, the nonlinear vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube is analyzed both numerically and analytically. The nonlocal beam model and Pasternak foundation are employed to evaluate the nanotube's vibration behavior. The deflection equation, which serves as the primary variable in this study, effectively captures the nonlinear vibrational characteristics commonly observed in engineering applications. A novel meshless scheme—the optimized Akbari-Ganji method (OAGM)—has been developed and applied to solve the governing differential equation. The term <em>optimization</em> has been intentionally emphasized in this context to highlight a key innovation of the study: the refinement and enhancement of the original Akbari-Ganji method through systematic optimization techniques to improve convergence, accuracy, and computational efficiency. This advancement not only distinguishes the present research from prior approaches but also underscores its practical applicability in complex engineering problems. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through comparison with previous studies, revealing that the OAGM delivers a fast, reliable, and highly accurate analytical approximation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-phase suspension stabilization and exfoliation of end-of-life batteries high-quality graphite with a natural surfactant","authors":"Sukanya Sukanya ,&nbsp;Maria Argirusi ,&nbsp;René Wilhelm","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable recycling of end-of-life batteries is critical in addressing both environmental concerns and resource scarcity. This study presents the liquid-phase exfoliation of high-quality graphite derived from spent batteries, employing a natural anionic surfactant to achieve stable suspensions in an organic solvent. Moreover, metal impurities of the spent anode material were removed via extraction with water. The use of acid treatment was avoided. The exfoliation process involves ultrasonication in the presence of the surfactant, which facilitates partial delamination of the graphite material while preserving structural integrity of the spent graphite while maintaining structural integrity. The resulting graphite suspensions demonstrate excellent stability, attributed to the effective surfactant adsorption on the graphite surfaces, preventing re-stacking and aggregation. Characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, confirm the high quality and few-layer nature of the exfoliated graphite. Additionally, the environmental benefits and cost-effectiveness of using the surfactant are highlighted. This approach not only facilitates the reuse of valuable materials from waste batteries but also aligns with green chemistry principles, offering a promising route for sustainable material recovery and the production of high-performance graphite for various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-cluster (Be, Sc, Ti) decorated C24 nanocages and their hydrogen storage performance","authors":"K.B. Nerkar,&nbsp;Poonam Parkar,&nbsp;Ajay Chaudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single Be, Sc, Ti metal atom and their cluster (dimer and trimer) decorated C₂₄ nanocages are considered for hydrogen storage. A comparison of single metal atom, dimer, and trimer decorated C₂₄ nanocages and their hydrogen storage performance is carried out. Decoration of single Be atom on C₂₄ nanocage distorts the nanocage and it is not suitable for hydrogen storage. Be₂, Be₃, Sc, Sc₂, Sc₃, Ti, Ti₂, and Ti₃ metal atom/cluster decoration do not distort the C₂₄ nanocage geometry before H₂ adsorption. After H₂ adsorption Sc₂, Sc₃ and Ti₃ clusters get broken into their constituent atoms and do not remain in cluster form. Among the metal cluster decorated C₂₄ structures considered, C₂₄Ti and C₂₄Ti₂ show thermodynamically favorable H₂ adsorption at ambient conditions without distorting the metal cluster after H₂ adsorption and thus they are more suitable for hydrogen storage at ambient conditions than the other structures considered. Though the Sc₃ and Ti₃ cluster decorated C₂₄ nanocages show the highest and second highest H₂ uptake capacity among all the structures considered and also thermodynamically favorable H₂ adsorption at ambient conditions, the Sc₃ and Ti₃ clusters get broken after maximum H₂ molecules adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut shell biochar for plastic electrodes: Green E-sensors for sensitive heavy metal detection","authors":"Monica Mosquera-Ortega ,&nbsp;Federico Figueredo ,&nbsp;Florencia Fernandez ,&nbsp;Pablo Arnal ,&nbsp;Eduardo Cortón ,&nbsp;Sabina Susmel","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upcycling of agricultural waste into high-value functional materials is a key aspect of sustainable material development and the circular bioeconomy. This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of biochar-based electrodes (E-sensors) derived from peanut shells, an abundant agro-industrial by-product with emerging potential for valorization. To enhance electrochemical performance, biochar (Bc) was modified with chitosan CS under to alkaline treatment, improving hydrophilicity, porosity, and charge transfer properties. Structural and surface analyses, including FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and XPS, confirmed the successful introduction of functional groups while preserving the hierarchical pore structure of Bc. Electrochemical evaluation, using cyclic voltammetry and square-wave stripping anodic voltammetry, revealed satisfactory results for Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺detection in buffer and real sea water samples. Additionally, to improve the analytical performance bismuth was successfully electrodeposited at the unconventional plastic electrodes surface. This contributed to enhance the Pb and Cd limits of detection in sea water (14.27 ng/mL, RSD 10 % and 20.74 ng/mL, RSD 7 % respectively), with results well below WHO and EPA regulatory thresholds. These findings demonstrate the potential of biochar-based electrodes as sustainable, cost-effective alternatives for heavy metal detection, underscoring the role of Bc in advancing green sensor technologies and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-stage oxidation model of soot based on analysis of physical and mechanical properties","authors":"Zhiyuan Shi ,&nbsp;Xu Lyu ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Daigeng Wu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Yang ,&nbsp;Xingyu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cartre.2025.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the impact of ash on the oxidation process of particulates is fundamental to understanding Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration and improving its efficiency. This study employs Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Raman spectrometer, and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to investigate the effects of, two archetypal metallic ash constituents, CuSO₄ and CaSO₄, on the physicochemical and mechanical properties during the particulate oxidation process. Finally, based on the experimental results, the classical four-stage oxidation model of particulates is revised to propose a more specific oxidation process. These investigative outcomes bestow profound comprehension into the oxidative behavior of particulates and proffer beneficial theoretical direction for the forthcoming management and mitigation of engine carbon particulates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52629,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Trends","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}