Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in ultra-low concentrations of pharmaceuticals

IF 3.1 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Nayeli Y. Gómez-Castillo , Nardy J. Sallo-Chabla , Daniela Pérez-Zárate , María Fernanda Bósquez-Cáceres , Julio C. Chacón-Torres
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Abstract

In this work, we provide a novel metrology method to detect the presence of ultra-low concentrations of ibuprofen and paracetamol dissolved in water by Raman spectroscopy. We have deposited a single microdrop of the contaminated water solution onto a graphene substrate. We found that low concentrations of pharmaceuticals trigger a Graphene Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy response allowing for the detection of pharmaceuticals in the low concentration limit of 100μg/mL. The enhancement factor observed for GERS in the G- and 2D lines reached up to 48 times derived from the molecular interaction of both molecules (graphene and the pharmaceutical), and 200 times for the D-line. Thus, we observed that the graphene monolayer enhances the pharmaceutical bands and quenches its fluorescence, allowing the identification of the pharmaceutical characteristic spectrum, which can be employed as a bio-marker of the pharmaceutical molecular presence. Finally, we performed a high-temperature treatment in vacuum conditions to study the recovery of graphene. After the thermal treatment, no contributions from ibuprofen were evident by Raman spectroscopy, but a high functionalization/oxidation stage. The conductivity of the graphene surface was also analyzed and it showed: (I) a decrease in the conductivity after the deposition of the pharmaceutical, and (II) a recovered conductance after the thermal treatment, which indicates a partial recovery of the substrate’s properties. This project brings an innovative tool for the detection of ultra-low concentrated pharmaceuticals when deposited on graphene. This discovery opens doors to a better understanding of the pollutant sources that will potentially contribute to the preservation of public sanity, pharmaceutical pollution research, and water quality monitoring in developing countries like Ecuador.

Abstract Image

石墨烯增强拉曼光谱在超低浓度药物中的应用
在这项工作中,我们提供了一种新的测量方法来检测超低浓度的布洛芬和扑热息痛溶解在水中。我们在石墨烯基板上沉积了一滴被污染的水溶液。我们发现,低浓度的药物可以触发石墨烯表面增强拉曼光谱响应,从而可以检测到低浓度限制为100μg/mL的药物。由于两种分子(石墨烯和药物)的相互作用,在G-线和2D线中观察到的GERS增强因子高达48倍,在d -线中达到200倍。因此,我们观察到石墨烯单层增强了药物带并熄灭了其荧光,从而可以识别药物特征光谱,这可以用作药物分子存在的生物标记。最后,我们在真空条件下进行了高温处理,以研究石墨烯的回收率。热处理后,拉曼光谱没有发现布洛芬的作用,但出现了高官能化/氧化阶段。对石墨烯表面的电导率进行了分析,结果表明:(1)药物沉积后电导率下降,(2)热处理后电导率恢复,表明基体性能部分恢复。该项目带来了一种创新的工具,用于检测沉积在石墨烯上的超低浓度药物。这一发现为更好地了解污染源打开了大门,这可能有助于保护公众理智、药物污染研究和厄瓜多尔等发展中国家的水质监测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Carbon Trends
Carbon Trends Materials Science-Materials Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
88
审稿时长
77 days
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