Development and Optimization of Electrospun Respiratory Face Masks Utilizing PVDF, Graphene Oxide, and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Efficiency and Antiviral Protection

Abstract

The development of efficient respiratory face masks is crucial, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study fabricates an antiviral respiratory face mask electrospun technology and optimizes its parameters through response surface methodology (RSM). A three-component nanocomposite comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), graphene oxide (GO), and copper oxide (Cu₂O) nanoparticles was investigated. The effects of varying concentrations of PVDF, GO, and Cu₂O on the mask's properties, including efficiency and pressure drop were assessed. Box-Behnken design-based response surface models were employed to predict optimal conditions. Results indicated that concentrations of PVDF (16.09%), GO (2.40%), and Cu₂O (0.4414%) provided the best performance, achieving an efficiency of 99% and a pressure drop of 36.57 Pa under optimal conditions. The nanofibers exhibited positive morphological traits, and the addition of graphene oxide and copper oxide enhanced the beta phase in the nanocomposite. Additionally, the antibacterial and antiviral properties of the mask were evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness against microbial pathogens. Overall, the optimized nanocomposite mask presents a promising solution for enhanced respiratory protection during infectious disease outbreaks.