Neural Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"The Benefits of Residual Hair Cell Function for Speech and Music Perception in Pediatric Bimodal Cochlear Implant Listeners.","authors":"Xiaoting Cheng,&nbsp;Yangwenyi Liu,&nbsp;Bing Wang,&nbsp;Yasheng Yuan,&nbsp;John J Galvin,&nbsp;Qian-Jie Fu,&nbsp;Yilai Shu,&nbsp;Bing Chen","doi":"10.1155/2018/4610592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4610592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of residual hair cell function for speech and music perception in bimodal pediatric Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant (CI) listeners.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Speech and music performance was measured in 35 Mandarin-speaking pediatric CI users for unilateral (CI-only) and bimodal listening. Mandarin speech perception was measured for vowels, consonants, lexical tones, and sentences in quiet. Music perception was measured for melodic contour identification (MCI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combined electric and acoustic hearing significantly improved MCI and Mandarin tone recognition performance, relative to CI-only performance. For MCI, performance was significantly better with bimodal listening for all semitone spacing conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.05 in all cases). For tone recognition, bimodal performance was significantly better only for tone 2 (rising; <i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no significant differences between CI-only and CI + HA for vowel, consonant, or sentence recognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that combined electric and acoustic hearing can significantly improve perception of music and Mandarin tones in pediatric Mandarin-speaking CI patients. Music and lexical tone perception depends strongly on pitch perception, and the contralateral acoustic hearing coming from residual hair cell function provided pitch cues that are generally not well preserved in electric hearing.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4610592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4610592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Brain Stimulations for Unilateral Spatial Neglect after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Flávio Taira Kashiwagi,&nbsp;Regina El Dib,&nbsp;Huda Gomaa,&nbsp;Nermeen Gawish,&nbsp;Erica Aranha Suzumura,&nbsp;Taís Regina da Silva,&nbsp;Fernanda Cristina Winckler,&nbsp;Juli Thomaz de Souza,&nbsp;Adriana Bastos Conforto,&nbsp;Gustavo José Luvizutto,&nbsp;Rodrigo Bazan","doi":"10.1155/2018/1638763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1638763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is the most frequent perceptual disorder after stroke. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool that has been used in the rehabilitation process to modify cortical excitability and improve perception and functional capacity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of NIBS on USN after stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive search was conducted up to July 2016. Studies were selected if they were controlled and noncontrolled trials examining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and theta burst stimulation (TBS) in USN after stroke, with outcomes measured by standardized USN and functional tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve RCTs (273 participants) and 4 non-RCTs (94 participants) proved eligible. We observed a benefit in overall USN measured by the line bisection test with NIBS in comparison to sham (SMD -2.35, 95% CI -3.72, -0.98; <i>p</i> = 0.0001); the rTMS yielded results that were consistent with the overall meta-analysis (SMD -2.82, 95% CI -3.66, -1.98; <i>p</i> = 0.09). The rTMS compared with sham also suggested a benefit in overall USN measured by Motor-Free Visual Perception Test at both 1 Hz (SMD 1.46, 95% CI 0.73, 2.20; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 10 Hz (SMD 1.19, 95% CI 0.48, 1.89; <i>p</i> = 0.54). There was also a benefit in overall USN measured by Albert's test and the line crossing test with 1 Hz rTMS compared to sham (SMD 2.04, 95% CI 1.14, 2.95; <i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest a benefit of NIBS on overall USN, and we conclude that rTMS is more efficacious compared to sham for USN after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1638763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1638763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10270308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Exercise and Neurocognitive Development in Preadolescents and Young Adults: An ERP Study.","authors":"Chien-Heng Chu,&nbsp;Arthur F Kramer,&nbsp;Tai-Fen Song,&nbsp;Chih-Han Wu,&nbsp;Tsung-Min Hung,&nbsp;Yu-Kai Chang","doi":"10.1155/2017/2631909","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2017/2631909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single bout of exercise on neurocognitive function in preadolescent children and young adults by determining the modulatory role of age and the neuroelectrical mechanism(s) underlying the association between acute exercise and executive function. Twenty preadolescents and 20 young adults completed the Stroop test, and neuroelectrical activity was recorded during two treatment sessions performed in a counterbalanced order. Exercise treatments involved moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 20 min as the main exercise and two 5 min periods of warm-up and cool-down. The control treatment participants read for a similar duration of time. Acute exercise improved participant reaction times on the Stroop test, regardless of Stroop congruency, and greater beneficial effects were observed in young adults compared to those in preadolescents. The P3 amplitudes increased after acute exercise in preadolescents and young adults, but acute exercise induced lower conflict sustained potential (conflict SP) amplitudes in preadolescent children. Based on these findings, age influences the beneficial effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance in general. Furthermore, the event-related brain potential differences attributed to acute exercise provide a potential clue to the mechanisms that differentiate the effects of acute exercise on individuals from preadolescence to young adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2017 ","pages":"2631909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2631909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10341637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenovirus Vectors Target Several Cell Subtypes of Mammalian Inner Ear <i>In Vivo</i>.","authors":"Yilai Shu,&nbsp;Yong Tao,&nbsp;Wenyan Li,&nbsp;Jun Shen,&nbsp;Zhengmin Wang,&nbsp;Zheng-Yi Chen","doi":"10.1155/2016/9409846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9409846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mammalian inner ear harbors diverse cell types that are essential for hearing and balance. Adenovirus is one of the major vectors to deliver genes into the inner ear for functional studies and hair cell regeneration. To identify adenovirus vectors that target specific cell subtypes in the inner ear, we studied three adenovirus vectors, carrying a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein <i>(GFP)</i> from two vendors or with a genome editing gene Cre recombinase <i>(Cre)</i>, by injection into postnatal days 0 (P0) and 4 (P4) mouse cochlea through scala media by cochleostomy <i>in vivo</i>. We found three adenovirus vectors transduced mouse inner ear cells with different specificities and expression levels, depending on the type of adenoviral vectors and the age of mice. The most frequently targeted region was the cochlear sensory epithelium, including auditory hair cells and supporting cells. Adenovirus with <i>GFP</i> transduced utricular supporting cells as well. This study shows that adenovirus vectors are capable of efficiently and specifically transducing different cell types in the mammalian inner ear and provides useful tools to study inner ear gene function and to evaluate gene therapy to treat hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2016 ","pages":"9409846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/9409846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Dendritic Spine Development and Plasticity.","authors":"Kwok-On Lai,&nbsp;Bryen A Jordan,&nbsp;Xin-Ming Ma,&nbsp;Deepak P Srivastava,&nbsp;Kimberly F Tolias","doi":"10.1155/2016/2078121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2078121","url":null,"abstract":"Dendritic spines were first described by Santiago Ramon y Cajal more than one hundred years ago when he examined Golgi-stained cerebellar Purkinje cells of birds. Since then, considerable effort has been put towards understanding how these structures are formed and what their functions in the central nervous system are. It is now well established that dendritic spines represent specialized subcellular compartments on the postsynaptic neuron where the majority of excitatory synapses are located. Therefore, the density of dendritic spines is a rough indication of how much excitatory input a particular neuron receives. One notable feature of these structures is the large heterogeneity of their dimensions and shapes. They can exist as short stubby spines, long thin spines, and mushroom-shaped spines. Moreover, they are highly dynamic, such that ongoing spine growth, turnover, and morphological changes occur in both developing and adult brains. Although excitatory synapses can form and function outside of dendritic spines, their location on spine heads likely confers additional properties. For example, the presence of the spine neck is thought to create an isolated biochemical compartment on the spine head, where individual synapses of the postsynaptic neuron can function and be regulated independently of each other. Changes in the dimension and shape of individual spines also allow modulation of synaptic efficacy between specific neuronal partners and therefore contribute to synaptic plasticity and provide the cellular basis of learning and memory. Indeed, many molecular players that regulate dendritic spine morphogenesis also turn out to be essential for learning-related synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In this special issue, reviews and original research papers have been collected to address various questions on dendritic spine biology. These include the process of spine development, the functional differentiation of large and small spines, the relationships between spine changes and learning, the signaling pathways that control spine morphogenesis, and the link between spine abnormalities and brain disorders.","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2016 ","pages":"2078121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/2078121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9358310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversed Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation following Motor Training That Vary as a Function of Training-Induced Changes in Corticospinal Excitability.","authors":"Tino Stöckel,&nbsp;Jeffery J Summers,&nbsp;Mark R Hinder","doi":"10.1155/2015/578620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/578620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has the potential to enhance corticospinal excitability (CSE) and subsequent motor learning. However, the effects of iTBS following motor learning are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of iTBS on CSE and performance following motor learning. Therefore twenty-four healthy participants practiced a ballistic motor task for a total of 150 movements. iTBS was subsequently applied to the trained motor cortex (STIM group) or the vertex (SHAM group). Performance and CSE were assessed before motor learning and before and after iTBS. Training significantly increased performance and CSE in both groups. In STIM group participants, subsequent iTBS significantly reduced motor performance with smaller reductions in CSE. CSE changes as a result of motor learning were negatively correlated with both the CSE changes and performance changes as a result of iTBS. No significant effects of iTBS were found for SHAM group participants. We conclude that iTBS has the potential to degrade prior motor learning as a function of training-induced CSE changes. That means the expected LTP-like effects of iTBS are reversed following motor learning. </p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"578620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/578620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34282470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrosplenial Cortex and Long-Term Memory: Molecules to Behavior.","authors":"Travis P Todd, David J Bucci","doi":"10.1155/2015/414173","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2015/414173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus and various parahippocampal cortical regions, suggesting that RSC is well-positioned to contribute to hippocampal-dependent memory. Consistent with this, substantial behavioral evidence indicates that RSC is essential for consolidating and/or retrieving contextual and spatial memories. In addition, there is growing evidence that RSC neurons undergo activity-dependent plastic changes during memory formation and retrieval. In this paper we review both the behavioral and cellular/molecular data and posit that the RSC has a particularly important role in the storage and retrieval of spatial and contextual memories perhaps due its involvement in binding together multiple cues in the environment. We identify remaining questions and avenues for future research that take advantage of emerging methods to selectively manipulate RSC neurons both spatially and temporally and to image the RSC in awake, behaving animals. </p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"414173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4562169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34011224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coincidence Anticipation Timing Performance during an Acute Bout of Brisk Walking in Older Adults: Effect of Stimulus Speed.","authors":"Michael J Duncan,&nbsp;Michelle Stanley,&nbsp;Mike Smith,&nbsp;Michael J Price,&nbsp;Sheila Leddington Wright","doi":"10.1155/2015/210213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/210213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) performance at slow and fast stimulus speeds before, during, and after an acute bout of walking in adults aged 60-76 years. Results from a series of repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant rest versus exercise × stimulus speed × time interactions for absolute and variable errors (both P = 0.0001) whereby absolute and variable error scores, when stimulus speed was slow, improved as the duration of exercise increased. When stimulus speed was fast there were significantly greater absolute and variable errors at 18 minutes of the walking bout. There was also greater error at 18 minutes during walking compared to rest. These results suggest that, in a task involving walking and CAT, stimulus speeds plays an important role; specifically walking (exercise) enhances CAT performance at slow stimulus speeds but reduces CAT performance at fast stimulus speeds. The implications are that in everyday situations, where events require dual-task responses to be made at different speeds, for example, walking on the pavement whilst avoiding a crowd, compared to crossing a busy road, an understanding of how different stimulus speeds influence dual-task performance is extremely important, particularly in the older adult population. </p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"210213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/210213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34113222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in Short-Interval Intracortical Facilitation of the Motor Cortex after Low-Frequency Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation of the Unaffected Hemisphere in the Subacute Phase after Stroke.","authors":"Eduardo Arruda Mello,&nbsp;Leonardo G Cohen,&nbsp;Sarah Monteiro Dos Anjos,&nbsp;Juliana Conti,&nbsp;Karina Nocelo F Andrade,&nbsp;Fernanda Tovar Moll,&nbsp;Theo Marins,&nbsp;Corina A Fernandes,&nbsp;Waldyr Rodrigues,&nbsp;Adriana Bastos Conforto","doi":"10.1155/2015/407320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/407320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere (UH-LF-rTMS) in patients with stroke can decrease interhemispheric inhibition from the unaffected to the affected hemisphere and improve hand dexterity and strength of the paretic hand. The objective of this proof-of-principle study was to explore, for the first time, effects of UH-LF-rTMS as add-on therapy to motor rehabilitation on short-term intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) of the motor cortex of the unaffected hemisphere (M1UH) in patients with ischemic stroke. Eighteen patients were randomized to receive, immediately before rehabilitation treatment, either active or sham UH-LF-rTMS, during two weeks. Resting motor threshold (rMT), SICI, and ICF were measured in M1UH before the first session and after the last session of treatment. There was a significant increase in ICF in the active group compared to the sham group after treatment, and there was no significant differences in changes in rMT or SICI. ICF is a measure of intracortical synaptic excitability, with a relative contribution of spinal mechanisms. ICF is typically upregulated by glutamatergic agonists and downregulated by gabaergic antagonists. The observed increase in ICF in the active group, in this hypothesis-generating study, may be related to M1UH reorganization induced by UH-LF-rTMS. </p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"407320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/407320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34193616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRMP4 and CRMP2 Interact to Coordinate Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Regulating Growth Cone Development and Axon Elongation.","authors":"Minghui Tan,&nbsp;Caihui Cha,&nbsp;Yongheng Ye,&nbsp;Jifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Sumei Li,&nbsp;Fengming Wu,&nbsp;Sitang Gong,&nbsp;Guoqing Guo","doi":"10.1155/2015/947423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/947423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytoskeleton dynamics are critical phenomena that underpin many fundamental cellular processes. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are highly expressed in the developing nervous system, mediating growth cone guidance, neuronal polarity, and axonal elongation. However, whether and how CRMPs associate with microtubules and actin coordinated cytoskeletal dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that CRMP2 and CRMP4 interacted with tubulin and actin in vitro and colocalized with the cytoskeleton in the transition-zone in developing growth cones. CRMP2 and CRMP4 also interacted with one another coordinately to promote growth cone development and axonal elongation. Genetic silencing of CRMP2 enhanced, whereas overexpression of CRMP2 suppressed, the inhibitory effects of CRMP4 knockdown on axonal development. In addition, knockdown of CRMP2 or overexpression of truncated CRMP2 reversed the promoting effect of CRMP4. With the overexpression of truncated CRMP2 or CRMP4 lacking the cytoskeleton interaction domain, the promoting effect of CRMP was suppressed. These data suggest a model in which CRMP2 and CRMP4 form complexes to bridge microtubules and actin and thus work cooperatively to regulate growth cone development and axonal elongation. </p>","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"947423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/947423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34197202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}