Neural Plasticity最新文献_第10页

Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review. 磁发作治疗单极和双相抑郁症:系统综述。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/521398

Eric Cretaz, André R Brunoni, Beny Lafer

{"title":"Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Eric Cretaz, André R Brunoni, Beny Lafer","doi":"10.1155/2015/521398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/521398","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: Objective. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel, experimental therapeutic intervention, which combines therapeutic aspects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation, in order to achieve the efficacy of the former with the safety of the latter. MST might prove to be a valuable tool in the treatment of mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Our aim is to review current literature on MST. Methods. OVID and MEDLINE databases were used to systematically search for clinical studies on MST. The terms \"magnetic seizure therapy,\" \"depression,\" and \"bipolar\" were employed. Results. Out of 74 studies, 8 met eligibility criteria. There was considerable variability in the methods employed and samples sizes were small, limiting the generalization of the results. All studies focused on depressive episodes, but few included patients with bipolar disorder. The studies found reported significant antidepressant effects, with remission rates ranging from 30% to 40%. No significant cognitive side effects related to MST were found, with a better cognitive profile when compared to ECT.Conclusion: MST was effective in reducing depressive symptoms in mood disorders, with generally less side effects than ECT. No study focused on comparing MST to ECT on bipolar depression specifically.","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"521398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/521398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34202833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Social Experience-Dependent Myelination: An Implication for Psychiatric Disorders. 社会经验依赖髓鞘形成:对精神疾病的影响。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-19 DOI: 10.1155/2015/465345

Michihiro Toritsuka, Manabu Makinodan, Toshifumi Kishimoto

引用次数: 21

Cortical Excitability Measured with nTMS and MEG during Stroke Recovery. 脑卒中恢复期脑皮层兴奋性的nTMS和MEG测量。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-27 DOI: 10.1155/2015/309546

Jyrki P Mäkelä, Pantelis Lioumis, Kristina Laaksonen, Nina Forss, Turgut Tatlisumak, Markku Kaste, Satu Mustanoja

{"title":"Cortical Excitability Measured with nTMS and MEG during Stroke Recovery.","authors":"Jyrki P Mäkelä, Pantelis Lioumis, Kristina Laaksonen, Nina Forss, Turgut Tatlisumak, Markku Kaste, Satu Mustanoja","doi":"10.1155/2015/309546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/309546","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Stroke alters cortical excitability both in the lesioned and in the nonlesioned hemisphere. Stroke recovery has been studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Spontaneous brain oscillations and somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) are modified in stroke patients during recovery.Methods: We recorded SEFs and spontaneous MEG activity and motor threshold (MT) short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) with navigated TMS (nTMS) at one and three months after first-ever hemispheric ischemic strokes. Changes of MEG and nTMS parameters attributed to gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamate transmission were compared.Results: ICF correlated with the strength and extent of SEF source areas depicted by MEG at three months. The nTMS MT and event-related desynchronization (ERD) of beta-band MEG activity and SICI and the beta-band MEG event-related synchronization (ERS) were correlated, but less strongly.Conclusions: This first report using sequential nTMS and MEG in stroke recovery found intra- and interhemispheric correlations of nTMS and MEG estimates of cortical excitability. ICF and SEF parameters, MT and the ERD of the lesioned hemisphere, and SICI and ERS of the nonlesioned hemisphere were correlated. Covarying excitability in the lesioned and nonlesioned hemispheres emphasizes the importance of the hemispheric balance of the excitability of the sensorimotor system.","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"309546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/309546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34279606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Correlation between Peripheral Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Hippocampal Volume in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder. 儿童和青少年双相情感障碍患者外周脑源性神经营养因子水平与海马体积的相关性

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/324825

Tatiana Lauxen Peruzzolo, Mauricio Anes, Andre de Moura Kohmann, Ana Claudia Mércio Loredo Souza, Ramiro Borges Rodrigues, Juliana Basso Brun, Roberta Peters, Bianca Wollenhaupt de Aguiar, Flavio Kapczinski, Silzá Tramontina, Luis Augusto Paim Rohde, Cristian Patrick Zeni

{"title":"Correlation between Peripheral Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Hippocampal Volume in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder.","authors":"Tatiana Lauxen Peruzzolo, Mauricio Anes, Andre de Moura Kohmann, Ana Claudia Mércio Loredo Souza, Ramiro Borges Rodrigues, Juliana Basso Brun, Roberta Peters, Bianca Wollenhaupt de Aguiar, Flavio Kapczinski, Silzá Tramontina, Luis Augusto Paim Rohde, Cristian Patrick Zeni","doi":"10.1155/2015/324825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/324825","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the development and emotional growth of affected patients. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is recognized as one of the possible markers of the framework and its evolution. Abnormalities in BDNF signaling in the hippocampus could explain the cognitive decline seen in patients with TB. Our aim with this study was to evaluate possible changes in hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with BD and associate them to serum BDNF. Subjects included 30 patients aged seven to seventeen years from the ProCAB (Program for Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder). We observed mean right and left hippocampal volumes of 41910.55 and 41747.96 mm(3), respectively. No statistically significant correlations between peripheral BDNF levels and hippocampal volumes were found. We believe that the lack of correlation observed in this study is due to the short time of evolution of BD in children and adolescents. Besides studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the present findings and longitudinal assessments, addressing brain development versus a control group and including drug-naive patients in different mood states may help clarify the role of BDNF in the brain changes consequent upon BD. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"324825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/324825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34202830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Use of Cannabis as a Predictor of Early Onset of Bipolar Disorder and Suicide Attempts. 使用大麻作为早发双相情感障碍和自杀企图的预测因子。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434127

Rafaela Torres Portugal Leite, Sarah de Oliveira Nogueira, João Paulo Rodrigues do Nascimento, Laisa Soares de Lima, Taís Bastos da Nóbrega, Mariana da Silva Virgínio, Lucas Monte da Costa Moreno, Bruno Henrique Barbosa Sampaio, Fábio Gomes de Matos E Souza

{"title":"The Use of Cannabis as a Predictor of Early Onset of Bipolar Disorder and Suicide Attempts.","authors":"Rafaela Torres Portugal Leite, Sarah de Oliveira Nogueira, João Paulo Rodrigues do Nascimento, Laisa Soares de Lima, Taís Bastos da Nóbrega, Mariana da Silva Virgínio, Lucas Monte da Costa Moreno, Bruno Henrique Barbosa Sampaio, Fábio Gomes de Matos E Souza","doi":"10.1155/2015/434127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/434127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Bipolar disorder (BD) implies risk of suicide. The age at onset (AAO) of BD carries prognostic significance. Substance abuse may precede the onset of BD and cannabis is the most common illicit drug used. The main goal of this study is to review the association of cannabis use as a risk factor for early onset of BD and for suicide attempts. Materials and Methods. PubMed database was searched for articles using key words \"bipolar disorder,\" \"suicide attempts,\" \"cannabis,\" \"marijuana,\" \"early age at onset,\" and \"early onset.\" Results. The following percentages in bipolar patients were found: suicide attempts 3.6-42%; suicide attempts and substance use 5-60%; suicide attempts and cannabis use 15-42%. An early AAO was associated with cannabis misuse. The mean age of the first manic episode in individuals with and without BD and cannabis use disorder (CUD) was 19.5 and 25.1 years, respectively. The first depressive episode was at 18.5 and 24.4 years, respectively. Individuals misusing cannabis showed increased risk of suicide. Discussion. Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of suicide attempts and with early AAO. However, the effect of cannabis at the AAO and suicide attempts is not clear. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"434127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/434127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34225824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Plasticity of GABAA Receptors during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period: From Gene to Function. GABAA受体在孕期和产后的可塑性:从基因到功能。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-08-30 DOI: 10.1155/2015/170435

Valentina Licheri, Giuseppe Talani, Ashish A Gorule, Maria Cristina Mostallino, Giovanni Biggio, Enrico Sanna

{"title":"Plasticity of GABAA Receptors during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period: From Gene to Function.","authors":"Valentina Licheri, Giuseppe Talani, Ashish A Gorule, Maria Cristina Mostallino, Giovanni Biggio, Enrico Sanna","doi":"10.1155/2015/170435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/170435","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy needs complex pathways that together play a role in proper growth and protection of the fetus preventing its premature loss. Changes during pregnancy and postpartum period include the manifold machinery of neuroactive steroids that plays a crucial role in neuronal excitability by local modulation of specific inhibitory receptors: the GABAA receptors. Marked fluctuations in both blood and brain concentration of neuroactive steroids strongly contribute to GABAA receptor function and plasticity. In this review, we listed several interesting results regarding the regulation and plasticity of GABAA receptor function during pregnancy and postpartum period in rats. The increase in brain levels of neuroactive steroids during pregnancy and their sudden decrease immediately before delivery are causally related to changes in the expression/function of specific GABAA receptor subunits in the hippocampus. These data suggest that alterations in GABAA receptor expression and function may be related to neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with crucial periods in women. These findings could help to provide potential new treatments for these women's disabling syndromes. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"170435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/170435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34109249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

PKA Inhibitor H89 (N-[2-p-bromocinnamylamino-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) Attenuates Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death following Ischemic Injury. PKA抑制剂H89 (N-[2-对溴肉桂胺-乙基]-5-异喹啉磺酰胺)减轻缺血性损伤后突触功能障碍和神经元细胞死亡。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/374520

Juhyun Song, So Yeong Cheon, Won Taek Lee, Kyung Ah Park, Jong Eun Lee

{"title":"PKA Inhibitor H89 (N-[2-p-bromocinnamylamino-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) Attenuates Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death following Ischemic Injury.","authors":"Juhyun Song, So Yeong Cheon, Won Taek Lee, Kyung Ah Park, Jong Eun Lee","doi":"10.1155/2015/374520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/374520","url":null,"abstract":"The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which activates prosurvival signaling proteins, has been implicated in the expression of long-term potentiation and hippocampal long-term memory. It has come to light that H89 commonly known as the PKA inhibitor have diverse roles in the nervous system that are unrelated to its role as a PKA inhibitor. We have investigated the role of H89 in ischemic and reperfusion injury. First, we examined the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and synaptophysin in mouse brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion injury. Next, we examined the role of H89 pretreatment on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), PSD95, MAP2, and the apoptosis regulators Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 in cultured neuroblastoma cells exposed to hypoxia and reperfusion injury. In addition, we investigated the alteration of AKT activation in H89 pretreated neuroblastoma cells under hypoxia and reperfusion injury. The data suggest that H89 may contribute to brain recovery after ischemic stroke by regulating neuronal death and proteins related to synaptic plasticity. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"374520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/374520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34138898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Neural Plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: The Functional and Molecular Background. 多发性硬化症的神经可塑性:功能和分子背景。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-02 DOI: 10.1155/2015/307175

Dominika Justyna Ksiazek-Winiarek, Piotr Szpakowski, Andrzej Glabinski

{"title":"Neural Plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: The Functional and Molecular Background.","authors":"Dominika Justyna Ksiazek-Winiarek, Piotr Szpakowski, Andrzej Glabinski","doi":"10.1155/2015/307175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/307175","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder resulting in motor dysfunction and cognitive decline. The inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes seen in the brains of MS patients lead to progressive disability and increasing brain atrophy. The most common type of MS is characterized by episodes of clinical exacerbations and remissions. This suggests the presence of compensating mechanisms for accumulating damage. Apart from the widely known repair mechanisms like remyelination, another important phenomenon is neuronal plasticity. Initially, neuroplasticity was connected with the developmental stages of life; however, there is now growing evidence confirming that structural and functional reorganization occurs throughout our lifetime. Several functional studies, utilizing such techniques as fMRI, TBS, or MRS, have provided valuable data about the presence of neuronal plasticity in MS patients. CNS ability to compensate for neuronal damage is most evident in RR-MS; however it has been shown that brain plasticity is also preserved in patients with substantial brain damage. Regardless of the numerous studies, the molecular background of neuronal plasticity in MS is still not well understood. Several factors, like IL-1β, BDNF, PDGF, or CB1Rs, have been implicated in functional recovery from the acute phase of MS and are thus considered as potential therapeutic targets. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"307175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/307175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33884579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Neural Plasticity of Mild Tinnitus: An fMRI Investigation Comparing Those Recently Diagnosed with Tinnitus to Those That Had Tinnitus for a Long Period of Time. 轻度耳鸣的神经可塑性:比较新近诊断为耳鸣与长期耳鸣患者的fMRI研究。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-07-13 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161478

Jake R Carpenter-Thompson, Sara A Schmidt, Fatima T Husain

{"title":"Neural Plasticity of Mild Tinnitus: An fMRI Investigation Comparing Those Recently Diagnosed with Tinnitus to Those That Had Tinnitus for a Long Period of Time.","authors":"Jake R Carpenter-Thompson, Sara A Schmidt, Fatima T Husain","doi":"10.1155/2015/161478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/161478","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare differences in neural correlates of tinnitus in adults with recent onset and others who had the disorder for longer than a year. Design. A total of 25 individuals with tinnitus were divided into groups based on the amount of time for which they had experienced tinnitus: <1 year (RTIN) or >1 year (LTIN). Subjects underwent an fMRI scan while listening to affective sounds from the International Affective Digital Sounds database. Resting state functional connectivity data were also collected. Results. The RTIN group recruited the posterior cingulate and insula to a greater extent than the LTIN group when processing affective sounds. In addition, we found that the LTIN group engaged more frontal regions when listening to the stimuli compared to the RTIN group. Lastly, we found increased correlations between the default mode network and the precuneus in RTIN patients compared to LTIN at rest. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the posterior cingulate and insula may be associated with an early emotional reaction to tinnitus in both task and resting states. Over time, tinnitus patients may recruit more frontal regions to better control their emotional response and exhibit altered connectivity in the default mode network. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"161478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/161478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33899946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Poststroke Cell Therapy of the Aged Brain. 老年脑卒中后细胞治疗。

IF 3.1 4区医学

Neural Plasticity Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-08-11 DOI: 10.1155/2015/839638

Aurel Popa-Wagner, Madalina Filfan, Adriana Uzoni, Pouya Pourgolafshan, Ana-Maria Buga

{"title":"Poststroke Cell Therapy of the Aged Brain.","authors":"Aurel Popa-Wagner, Madalina Filfan, Adriana Uzoni, Pouya Pourgolafshan, Ana-Maria Buga","doi":"10.1155/2015/839638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/839638","url":null,"abstract":"During aging, many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with reduced neurogenesis and a decline in the proliferation of stem/progenitor cells. The development of the stem cell (SC), the regenerative therapy field, gained tremendous expectations in the diseases that suffer from the lack of treatment options. Stem cell based therapy is a promising approach to promote neuroregeneration after brain injury and can be potentiated when combined with supportive pharmacological drug treatment, especially in the aged. However, the mechanism of action for a particular grafted cell type, the optimal delivery route, doses, or time window of administration after lesion is still under debate. Today, it is proved that these protections are most likely due to modulatory mechanisms rather than the expected cell replacement. Our group proved that important differences appear in the aged brain compared with young one, that is, the accelerated progression of ischemic area, or the delayed initiation of neurological recovery. In this light, these age-related aspects should be carefully evaluated in the clinical translation of neurorestorative therapies. This review is focused on the current perspectives and suitable sources of stem cells (SCs), mechanisms of action, and the most efficient delivery routes in neurorestoration therapies in the poststroke aged environment. ","PeriodicalId":51299,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2015 ","pages":"839638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/839638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33985551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17