Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications最新文献

{"title":"Lysine-polydopamine nanoparticles for ameliorating acidic microenvironment and neuroprotection in spinal cord injury repair","authors":"Yi Li ,&nbsp;Bing Ran ,&nbsp;Qihang Ye ,&nbsp;Huisheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Nayin Zhong ,&nbsp;Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Xinyu Fu ,&nbsp;Xinying Liu ,&nbsp;Guanghua Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Hu ,&nbsp;Junming Ye ,&nbsp;Qinwen Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is exacerbated by the formation of an acidic microenvironment and extensive neuronal loss, both of which contribute to poor functional recovery. To address this, we developed lysine-polydopamine nanoparticles (Lys-PDA) as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for SCI. Lysine, a naturally occurring amino acid, possesses weak alkalinity and neuroprotective properties, but suffers from poor <em>in vivo</em> stability and non-specific distribution. Polydopamine (PDA), a biocompatible polymer with inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities, was employed as a nanocarrier to enhance lysine delivery and local retention. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assessments confirmed that Lys-PDA exhibit excellent biocompatibility and enable sustained release of lysine for up to three days. Upon administration into SCI mice, Lys-PDA significantly neutralized the acidic lesion milieu, with pH values increasing by approximately 0.33 units—approaching levels observed in uninjured spinal tissue. After 28 days of treatment, Lys-PDA markedly reduced neuronal apoptosis, suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate accumulation, and significantly improved hindlimb motor function. Behavioral analyses demonstrated a substantial increase in Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores from 0.0 to 5.8, alongside a corresponding increase in hindlimb stride length from 2.0 cm to 4.3 cm. Collectively, these findings suggest that Lys-PDA not only modulate the hostile post-injury microenvironment but also promote neuroprotection and functional recovery, positioning them as a promising candidate for SCI repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting biocompatibility and minimizing inflammation in electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) cardiac patches through optimized low-pressure plasma treatment","authors":"G. Montalbano ,&nbsp;J. Barberi ,&nbsp;A. Benedetto Mas ,&nbsp;T. Tung ,&nbsp;P. Melo ,&nbsp;K. Dalgarno ,&nbsp;E.D. Silva ,&nbsp;R.N. Gomes ,&nbsp;D.S. Nascimento ,&nbsp;S. Fiorilli ,&nbsp;C. Vitale-Brovarone","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailoring surface characteristics is key to guiding scaffold interaction with the biological environment, promoting successful biointegration while minimizing immune responses and inflammation.</div><div>In cardiac tissue engineering, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a material of choice for its intrinsic piezoelectric properties, which can be enhanced through electrospinning, also enabling the fabrication of nanofibrous structures mimicking native tissue. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of PVDF can hinder its integration with biological tissues.</div><div>To overcome this limitation, electrospun PVDF patches were subjected to radio-frequency low-pressure O₂ plasma treatment to enhance surface hydrophilicity and overall biocompatibility. A systematic experimental study identified optimal parameters, revealing that higher gas content and prolonged exposure are preferable to high power levels, which deteriorate the patch's morphological and mechanical properties.</div><div>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of oxygen-containing surface groups, resulting in the patch's superhydrophilicity. Preservation of the fibrous nanostructure and electroactive phase content was verified using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy combined with differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The optimized plasma treatment maintained the patch's elasticity and demonstrated long-term stability for up to 3 months.</div><div><em>In vitro</em> biocompatibility was assessed through indirect and direct tests using AC16 human cardiomyocytes and neonatal human dermal fibroblasts, revealing good cell viability, adhesion, and spreading over 7-days. Finally, plasma-treated patches demonstrated strong adhesion to the myocardial tissue and exhibited markedly reduced inflammatory response compared to the untreated controls, as shown by decreased CD45⁺ immune cell infiltration around the patch implanted in infarcted mice, highlighting the surface treatment's effectiveness in enhancing <em>in vivo</em> biocompatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal bioprinting of pigmented skin with algorithm-tuned control","authors":"Rihui Kang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Rong Cheng ,&nbsp;Luxiao Sang ,&nbsp;Anguo Liu ,&nbsp;Hulin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengbo Sang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses critical technical challenges in fabricating functional pigmented skin models via 3D bioprinting through the synergistic integration of droplet-based deposition and precision motion control. A hybrid bioprinting strategy was developed to create multilayer biomimetic architectures: the dermal layer was fabricated through extrusion of gelatin methacryloyl-polyacrylamide (GelMA-PAM) composites, while the epidermal layer incorporated precisely patterned melanocyte-laden GelMA-PAM arrays deposited via microvalve technology, subsequently solidified and populated with keratinocytes. To enhance printing reliability, a fractional-order proportional-integral control system optimized through particle swarm optimization (PSO-FOPI) was implemented, significantly improving motor speed regulation and positioning accuracy. Furthermore, a novel perfusion culture platform featuring polycaprolactone (PCL)-printed hollow grid scaffolds connected to a peristaltic pump system was developed. This innovation enhanced nutrient transport efficiency while reducing culture medium consumption to 10 % of conventional requirements. Histological characterization demonstrated uniform pigment distribution in the engineered skin model, with functional assays confirming excellent biological performance. This study establishes a multimodal biomanufacturing strategy that provides a robust technical framework for constructing artificial organs with complex architectures and functionalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214487"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-shields: Exploring the role of antioxidant mimicking nanoparticles as regenerative therapy in spinal cord injury","authors":"Nidhi Singh ,&nbsp;Lahanya Guha ,&nbsp;Zarna Pathak ,&nbsp;Hemant Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury presents a significant clinical challenge. There are limited treatment options, and the results of regeneration are often disappointing. Secondary injury processes, including oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, worsen nerve damage and slow recovery. New nanomaterials, particularly antioxidant-mimicking nanoparticles known as nanozymes, offer a promising way to improve the injury microenvironment and aid nerve regeneration. These nanozymes mimic natural enzyme activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing inflammation. Materials like cerium oxide, gold, and platinum-based nanoparticles show strong catalytic and antioxidant abilities. Their effectiveness is influenced by factors like pH, redox state, and levels of hydrogen peroxide or glutathione. Their stability, adaptability, and ability to be produced on a large scale make them promising options in regenerative medicine and drug development. In this special issue, we offer an overview of the development, functions, and healing potential of nanozyme-based systems for spinal cord injury. We highlight their potential as next-generation materials for nerve repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collagen scaffold anisotropy and static tension maintain human tendon cell phenotype in culture","authors":"Ignacio Sallent ,&nbsp;Eugenia Pugliese ,&nbsp;Stephen Kearns ,&nbsp;Jack L. Kelly ,&nbsp;Yves Bayon ,&nbsp;Dimitrios I. Zeugolis","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biophysical in nature signals, due to their simplicity in implementation, are at the forefront of research and innovation to control tendon cell function in vitro. In this work, we first assessed the influence of substrate rigidity and surface topography on human tendon cells using differentially crosslinked planar and grooved collagen scaffolds. We identified the 0.5 mM 4-arm polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate concentration as the optimal one to maintain basic cell function. All crosslinked grooved substrates induced bidirectional cell and synthesised matrix orientation, without bringing about a noteworthy change in gene expression. We subsequently subjected the 0.5 mM 4-arm polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinked planar and grooved collagen scaffolds to no tension, static tension and cyclic tension. Basic cell function, protein synthesis and gene expression analyses experimentation identified the static tension to have beneficial effects in human tendon cell function. Collectively, this study advocates the use of combined biophysical cues to maintain physiological cell function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hydrogel/P(VDF-TrFE) system for enhanced bone regeneration with controllable self-sustained electrical cues","authors":"Qin Luo ,&nbsp;Kepeng Hu ,&nbsp;Haoqing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiyue Duan ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Long ,&nbsp;Weiming Lin ,&nbsp;Chengwei Wu ,&nbsp;Zhangfa Song ,&nbsp;Chengyun Ning ,&nbsp;Wenjian Weng ,&nbsp;Kui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited self-healing capacity of critical-sized bone defects presents significant challenges in healing. An effective approach is to regulate the physicochemical properties of biomaterials to mimic the natural bone regenerative microenvironment. In this work, we have prepared Chitosan-Gelatin (CS-Gel) based hydrogel/ Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) systems, which provide biomimetic and electric cues for bone regeneration. These hydrogel membranes are constructed on P(VDF-TrFE) layers, and the sustained electrical cues rely on the dipole orientation of P(VDF-TrFE). The bilayer structure decouples electrical stimulation and biocompatibility from chemical composition, allowing the generation of self-sustained electrical cues without altering the functional groups on the hydrogel surface. The results show that these hydrogel/P(VDF-TrFE) systems are more effective in polarizing macrophages toward the alternatively activated (M2) phenotype and promoting stem cell differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, the hydrogel/P(VDF-TrFE) system enhances the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and encourages new bone formation in vivo. This work presents a promising strategy to accelerate bone regeneration by combining electrical cues and biomimetic environments, offering a new preparation method for hydrogel/P(VDF-TrFE) systems with self-sustained electrical cues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214482"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosuvastatin-loaded injectable immunomodulatory hydrogel mitigates local immune response against transplanted stem cells and promotes heart repair in vivo","authors":"Weiang Yan ,&nbsp;Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy ,&nbsp;Abhay Srivastava ,&nbsp;Alireza Rafieerad ,&nbsp;Rakesh C. Arora ,&nbsp;Sanjiv Dhingra","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In clinical trials allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and healthy donors have shown promise to repair the heart following a heart attack. However, immune rejection of transplanted MSCs has prevented the clinical translation of stem cells-based therapies for cardiac patients. Therefore, strategies to improve survival of implanted stem cells in the heart would be of immense therapeutic value. This study presents the development of a novel immunomodulatory chitosan-rosuvastatin (CR) hydrogel loaded with MSCs for cardiac repair. The hydrogel showed excellent 3 dimensional (3D) structure and porosity, and was found to support the growth of MSCs. In an <em>in vivo</em> rat model of myocardial infarction (MI), the immunomodulatory CR hydrogel provided physical bulk, improved the retention of MSCs and cardiac function at 4 weeks after MI. The RNA sequencing data demonstrate that rosuvastatin improved the “stemness” of MSCs and reduced the activation of T-cells, downregulated T_H1 polarization in response to inflammatory stress in the infarcted heart. Therefore, the current study presents a new paradigm in improving clinical effectiveness of stem cell therapy for cardiac repair by modulating local immune response in the heart against transplanted stem cells using a novel immunomodulatory CR hydrogel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clay-based hemostatic agents: Fabrication, mechanisms, and evidence","authors":"Yanhuai Ding ,&nbsp;Dan Qian ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Liang ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Jianxiang Chen ,&nbsp;Yizhi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemorrhagic control remains a serious concern in emergency medicine and combat trauma management, where achieving rapid hemostasis significantly impacts patient survival outcomes. While conventional interventions including direct manual compression and tourniquet application demonstrate clinical efficacy in routine scenarios, their limitations become apparent when managing catastrophic hemorrhage or anatomically complex injuries. Mineral-based hemostatic agents, particularly clay-derived rapid hemostats, have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality that synergizes ancestral wound management practices with contemporary material engineering. These aluminosilicate compounds capitalize on inherent cation-exchange capacities and surface charge characteristics that potentiate physiological coagulation cascades. This comprehensive review systematically examines the fabrication methodologies, molecular hemostatic mechanisms, and clinical applications of modern clay-based hemostatic agents. Through critical analysis of their crystalline structures, physicochemical properties, and evidence-based hemostatic performance metrics, we establish a scientific framework for optimizing clay material deployment in emergency care. Furthermore, this work provides substantive references for materials scientists pursuing advanced composite hemostatic systems through nanoscale modifications and synergistic biomaterial integrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whitlockite nanoparticles: A multifaceted magnesium calcium phosphate ceramic","authors":"Arthi Chandramouli ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Rajendran ,&nbsp;Nathaniel S. Hwang ,&nbsp;Jayakumar Rangasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioceramics are widely used in tissue engineering due to their tremendous potential in tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Of all bioceramics, the “Whitlockite” is an ideal material with remarkable potential and distinctive properties. Over the past decade, Whitlockite (nWH), a magnesium-containing calcium phosphate, has gained intense attention in biomedical research. The synthesis of nWH was challenging due to its similarities with other Mg-containing Calcium phosphates. The synthesis of nWH requires attention to various parameters such as pH, temperature, precursor, and ageing time. It requires precise control over specific material properties such as size, crystal growth, Temperature, <em>etc.</em> These parameters help in enhancing its biological applications and result in pure nWH synthesis. Recently, various metal and lanthanide elements doped nWH were developed which enhances various additional properties such as antibacterial, hemostasis, anticancer therapy, tissue engineering, <em>etc.</em> nWH also play a vital role in tissue engineering due to its eccentric properties such as good stability, enhanced osteogenesis, neuro-angiogenesis, and many other potential properties making it a versatile bioceramic in this era. This review provides an overview of the identification and preparation of nWH and metal-doped nWH, along with their key characteristics, properties and applications in biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-triggered nucleic acid release from gold nanoparticles via Schiff base linkages: In vitro validation of endosomal escape and gene silencing","authors":"Ryosuke Hoshino ,&nbsp;Katsura Sugawara ,&nbsp;Kaori Terashita ,&nbsp;Hiroki Shimamura ,&nbsp;Jiro Toshima ,&nbsp;Gen-ichiro Arimura ,&nbsp;Yoshitsugu Akiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold nanoparticles with brush structures of nucleic acid drugs (Nuc–AuNPs) are prepared by mixing thiol-modified nucleic acid drugs and AuNPs due to the strong affinity of the Au–S bond. However, effectively regulating the intracellular kinetics of nucleic acids remains a challenge in achieving highly efficient nucleic-acid delivery. In this study, we designed new DNA-Schiff–AuNPs. The DNA release behaviors of these DNA-modified AuNPs were characterized under acidic conditions analogous to those in intracellular endosomes. Cy5-labeled DNA with an amine terminus (Cy5-DNA-NH₂) reacted with 4-mercaptobenzaldehyde in dimethyl sulfoxide to form a Schiff base. The resulting Cy5-DNA-Schiff-SH was added to the AuNP dispersion system to prepare Cy5-DNA-Schiff–AuNPs. These nanoconjugates were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy. In the appropriate buffer, the fluorescence intensity of AuNPs remained constant at pH 7.4, while exhibiting an approximately four-fold increase at pH 4.0 and 5.0. In addition, a drastic color change from red to blue was observed after 24 h, suggesting that DNA was released from AuNPs at a pH of 5.5. The DNA-Schiff–AuNPs were effectively incorporated into HeLa cells without any toxicity. Furthermore, siRNA–AuNPs incorporating Schiff base linkages demonstrated significantly enhanced suppression of <em>epidermal growth factor receptor</em> gene expression compared to conventional siRNA–AuNPs. These findings highlight the potential of Schiff base–linked Nuc–AuNPs as a promising platform for intracellular nucleic acid delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 214477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}