Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications最新文献

{"title":"An injectable conductive multifunctional hydrogel dressing with synergistic antimicrobial, ROS scavenging, and electroactive effects for the combined treatment of chronic diabetic wounds","authors":"Shuting Peng ,&nbsp;Lantao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengfeng Lu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Yang ,&nbsp;Yanxin Lu ,&nbsp;Zhengxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingxin Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hypoxic, hyperglycemic, ischemic and inflammatory at the chronic diabetic wound microenvironment often leads to persistent oxidative stress and dysfunctional immune responses, as evidenced by hindrance of angiogenesis, neuropathy and impaired macrophage M2-type transition. In addition, bacterial infections lead to further exacerbation of chronic inflammatory responses, which severely impedes wound healing. In this study, hydroxypropyl chitosan (HCS) and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (TBA) hydrogel was prepared via a one-step method, while Fe³⁺ was used to initiate the in-situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the hydrogel network, that conferred the HCS-TBA@Py hydrogel with excellent electrical conductivity. The outstanding physicochemical properties of the hydrogel, including swelling ability, injectability and electrosensitivity, confirmed its potential for applications in rapid filling of irregular wounds and strain sensors. Meanwhile, HCS-TBA@Py hydrogel can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and inhibit bacterial growth. More importantly, the combination of HCS-TBA@Py with electrical stimulation (ES) can effectively enhance the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, promote axonal growth of nerve cells, rapid angiogenesis and accomplish the phagocytosis of M1 macrophages while realizing the M2 polarization of macrophages, comprehensively and systematically ameliorating the healing of diabetic wounds. This advanced study opens a meaningful way for chronic diabetic wound repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for enhancing biocompatibility, bioactivity, and resistance to biodegradation in dental resin composites: A narrative review","authors":"Binbin Gong ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Siwei Li ,&nbsp;Yunhe Lin ,&nbsp;Shuaimei Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Jia ,&nbsp;Yu Lu ,&nbsp;Zhongjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dental resin composites (DRCs), while indispensable in restorative dentistry for addressing tooth defects, are constrained by several inherent limitations. Conventional DRCs not only have cytotoxic potential but also undergo accelerated biodegradation mediated by host-derived enzymes and oral microbiota. Additionally, conventional DRCs are inherently bioinert—lacking the bioactivity required to inhibit the initiation and progression of secondary caries. Existing studies have found that degradation byproducts of DRCs may enhance the virulence of cariogenic pathogens. Concurrently, microleakage at resin-dentin interfaces causes salivary permeation and biofilm colonization, collectively establishing a pathogenic ‘degradation-infection’ feedback cycle. Furthermore, residual monomer release during biodegradation exacerbates cytotoxic responses, thereby generating synergistic “degradation-toxicity” compounding effects. These compounding effects severely compromise the clinical longevity and functional stability of DRC-based restorations. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines the factors and mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity and biodegradation of conventional DRCs in oral environments from both bacterial and host perspectives. It also discusses their early-stage application profile characterized by “mere structural repair”—reflecting bioinertness. In addition, this review places particular focus on design strategies for novel DRCs intended to overcome these limitations and to impart improved biological performance. This review provides a theoretical framework for the biological optimization of DRCs and offers new ideas for developing next-generation DRCs with both biological safety and clinical durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214496"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGylated dendrimers for precision cancer therapy: Advances in tumor targeting, drug delivery, and clinical translation","authors":"Prashant Kesharwani ,&nbsp;Vivek Puri ,&nbsp;Taha Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Humood Al Shmrany ,&nbsp;Garima Gupta ,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PEGylated dendrimers have emerged as highly adaptable nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapy, offering exceptional control over size, surface functionality, and drug loading. The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dendrimer surfaces improves biocompatibility, enhances circulation time, and minimizes immune clearance, facilitating passive tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. These engineered nanosystems allow for precise encapsulation or conjugation of chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and imaging probes, with tunable release profiles. Functionalization with tumor-specific ligands further enables active targeting, improving cellular uptake and minimizing systemic toxicity. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PEGylated dendrimers in delivering anticancer payloads across various malignancies including breast, brain, liver, and lung cancers while reducing off-target effects. Their combinatorial use with gene therapy, immunotherapy, or photothermal agents further enhances therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the structural design, functional modifications, and translational progress of PEGylated dendrimers, highlighting their potential as next-generation platforms for personalized and clinically relevant cancer nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214493"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond traditional dentistry: How organoids and next-gen hydrogels are redesigning dental tissue regeneration","authors":"Hilal Deniz Yilmaz-Dagdeviren ,&nbsp;Yavuz Emre Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dental tissue regeneration has advanced rapidly with the development of bioengineered hydrogels and organoid technologies. In this review, multifunctional hydrogels are examined as biomimetic platforms with osteoinductive, adhesive, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties tailored to enamel, dentin–pulp complex, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone repair. Incorporation of bioactive molecules, including growth factors, bioceramics, antioxidants, and immune-modulating agents, has been reported to enhance tissue-specific regeneration while mitigating infection and inflammation. Stimuli-responsive designs have been utilized to enable spatiotemporally controlled delivery and degradation. Immunomodulatory hydrogels also have been shown to direct macrophage polarization, regulate T-cell infiltration, and promote matrix remodeling. Furthermore, organoid models supported by hydrogels have been employed to replicate dental tissue architecture, guide lineage-specific differentiation, and provide reproducible, physiologically relevant platforms for drug screening and developmental studies. Emerging strategies such as microfluidic organoid-on-chip systems and mechanically stimulated cultures are noted for their potential to provide more physiologically relevant models. Early clinical studies involving hydrogel-based scaffolds and stem cell constructs are discussed, indicating growing translational potential. Overall, these developments highlights that how advanced hydrogels and organoid systems can contribute to a shift from conventional restorative methods toward tissue engineering-based regenerative therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214494"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocomposite containing polyetherketoneketone and heterojunction of NaNbOX@CeO2 with improved piezoelectricity and nanozyme activity for killing bacteria and enhancing osteoblastic differentiation","authors":"Ting Pan ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Shipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Shangyu Xie ,&nbsp;Jie Wei ,&nbsp;Lingyun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combination of piezoelectricity with nanozyme activity is promising strategy to develop a novel biofunctional composite for repair of infectious bone defect. Herein, a heterojunction containing oxygen vacancy sodium niobate (NaNbO_X, NO_X) with improved piezoelectricity and cerium oxide (CeO₂) with nanozyme activity (NCH) is fabricated, and a biocomposite containing polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and NCH (PNC) is prepared, which exhibits both piezoelectricity and nanozyme activity. Under acidic condition (simulating microenvironment of bacterial infection), triggered by US, the piezoelectric effect of PNC not only remarkably improves sonodynamic efficiency for producing more reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also enhances peroxidase (POD)-like activity for generating more ROS. The US-driven piezoelectric effect of PNC significantly enhances both sonodynamic performance and enzyme-like activity that produce a large amount of ROS, synergistic killing bacteria and removing biofilms. Moreover, driven by US, the piezoelectric effect of PNC generates electrical signals, which remarkably promotes osteoblasts proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study opens up a new path for design a novel composite biomaterial with capability of production of ROS and pro-osteogenesis by electrical stimulation, and PNC with piezoelectricity and POD-like activity displays great potential for application in the treatment of bacterial infectious bone defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroactive ceramic biomaterials on the principle of bone piezoelectricity towards advanced bone engineering","authors":"Miho Nakamura ,&nbsp;Kimihiro Yamashita","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review concentrates on the electroactive ceramic biointerfaces inspired by bone piezoelectricity for advanced ceramic biomaterials. Bone generates electrical potentials through the piezoelectric properties of collagen fibrils and apatite minerals under mechanical loading. These electrical signals influence osteoconductivity and regenerative capacity by osteogenic cells. Synthetic ceramic biomaterials can be electrically polarized to mimic bone's natural electroactivity. Polarization improves surface wettability of biomaterial surfaces by increasing surface free energy, promoting serum protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion while also influencing osteoclast differentiation. These surface modifications by polarization can be achieved without changing surface morphology or crystallinity and offer stable and long-lasting bioactivity at biointerface. This review details the physicochemical mechanisms underlying polarization, protein interaction, and cellular responses at biointerface. Understanding these interactions enables the rational design of electroactive ceramics that effectively guide bone regeneration. Polarized ceramics demonstrate potential as electroactive and long lifetime biomaterials in orthopedic, dental, and soft-tissue applications, suggesting a broad translational scope for regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A collagen/silk fibroin/magnesium hydroxide multifunctional sponge with enhanced mechanical strength, rapid hemostasis, and antibacterial properties for promoting infectious wound healing","authors":"Jianwei Mao ,&nbsp;Shaotang Xiong ,&nbsp;Xixi Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Yu ,&nbsp;Mengjuan Tao ,&nbsp;Xiangru Chen ,&nbsp;Can Chen ,&nbsp;Zhou Wan ,&nbsp;Zhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Yin ,&nbsp;Chuchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemostatic intervention at the bleeding site during early-phase wound management plays a crucial role in reducing trauma-induced complications and mortality, while advanced wound dressings facilitate hemorrhage control, exudate management, and antimicrobial protection to promote optimal healing outcomes. To address these issues, we developed a multifunctional collagen/silk fibroin/Mg(OH)₂ (Col/SF/Mg(OH)₂) composite sponge combining enhanced mechanical strength, rapid hemostasis, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The incorporation of silk fibroin (SF) through covalent crosslinking increased the elastic modulus by 4.72-fold while maintaining favorable porosity (88.16 ± 5.13 %) and water retention capacity (&gt;25 % after 2 h). Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH)₂ NPs) endowed the sponge with potent antibacterial efficacy, achieving satisfactory bacterial survival rates for both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> by interfering with bacterial metabolic pathways. In vivo studies demonstrated accelerated wound closure with rapid hemostasis, enhanced angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. This sponge exhibited excellent hemostatic performance (&lt;30 mg blood loss) and biocompatibility, outperforming commercial gelatin-based materials. In conclusion, the composite porous sponge dressings described in this study offer a promising outlook for clinical wound hemostasis because of their outstanding hemostatic and antibacterial features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electrospinning parameters on polycaprolactone fiber alignment for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neuronal lineage – A systematic study","authors":"Anika Tabassum ,&nbsp;Sivashankari P. Rajasekaran ,&nbsp;K. Krishna Kumar ,&nbsp;Meng Deng ,&nbsp;Zhengqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun fiber alignment plays a significant role in the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mature neurons. Although previous studies have reported the impact of aligned fibers on increasing neurite outgrowth, there is still a knowledge gap in the influence of synthesis parameters on fiber formation, alignment, and stem cell differentiation. To bridge this gap, we aimed to utilize polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fibers as a scaffold model to test synthesis parameters to facilitate the differentiation of ESCs into mature neurons with aligned neurites. This study is divided into two distinct phases. <strong><em>Phase 1</em></strong> focuses on optimizing the synthesis parameters, including solution viscosity, applied voltage, and the rotational speed of the mandrel to produce aligned fibers. <strong><em>Phase 2</em></strong> investigates the physicochemical properties of these aligned fibers in comparison to PCL random fibers and two-dimensional (2D) flat membranes. Our results demonstrated that the fiber group exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity, greater resistance to degradation, and superior tensile strength when compared to the 2D flat membranes. Immunocytochemistry analysis of neural markers, including Nestin, Sox2, GFAP, and NEFL, revealed that both aligned and random fiber groups showed higher expression levels of these markers compared to the flat membrane group. Notably, the aligned fiber group displayed NEFL expressions along the axis of the fibers, in contrast to the random fibers, suggesting the importance of fiber alignment in supporting aligned nerve regeneration. The outcomes of phase 1 address the critical factors and key areas that must be considered when developing an electrospun fiber-based scaffold, where phase 2 provides valuable insights into how the geometry and topography of electrospun fibrous scaffolds influence the mechanotransduction of stem cells during differentiation into mature neurons. This systematic analysis of PCL based electrospun fibers, starting from parameter optimisation towards physicochemical characterization, followed by biological validation for nerve regeneration, fills the gap in existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α-Cyclodextrin mediated 3D printed ceramic/polymer composite scaffolds for immunomodulation and osteogenesis in bone defect repair","authors":"XiaoLong Chen ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;SiYi Huang ,&nbsp;XiangLei Mo ,&nbsp;TingTing Huang ,&nbsp;YanJin Lu ,&nbsp;JinXin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect treatment face numerous challenges, including mechanical mismatches and the lack of immune microenvironment modulation, often leading to implant failure. In this study, an innovative drug-loaded bioinspired ceramic/polymer composite scaffold was designed and fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, incorporating α-cyclodextrin (αCD) in a novel approach to improve interfacial compatibility and drug-loading efficiency. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main component of natural bone, was employed as the inorganic phase to mimic the mineral structure of bone tissue. Sodium alginate (SA), a natural polymer, served as the organic phase, imparting mechanical strength and flexibility to the scaffold. To enhance phase compatibility, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted onto the HA surface, and αCD was spontaneously threaded onto the PEG chains to form poly(pseudo)rotaxane structures. This approach further improved the mechanical performance of the scaffold. Additionally, melatonin (MT) was incorporated into the scaffold to enhance its osteogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant functions. To address MT's poor water solubility and bioavailability, αCD was utilized to encapsulate MT, enabling efficient and sustained release. The scaffold's physical and chemical properties, in vitro mineralization ability, biological functions, and in vivo performance in a rat calvarial defect model were systematically evaluated. Results demonstrated that the scaffold exhibited excellent biocompatibility, promoted osteogenesis, and provided antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a promising and efficient solution for bone defect repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained and localized delivery of gemcitabine using chitosan-PVA-TPP polymeric implant enhances antitumor efficacy and delays surgical relapse in pancreatic cancer","authors":"Archana Kumari ,&nbsp;Arijit Mal ,&nbsp;Rahul Thorat ,&nbsp;Panchali Saha ,&nbsp;Parikshit Patel ,&nbsp;Snehal K. Valvi ,&nbsp;Murali Krishna Chilakapati ,&nbsp;Abhijit De ,&nbsp;Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gemcitabine (GEM), one of the first lines of therapy in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, has certain limitations, such as, low plasma half-life, limited bioavailability and treatment index. To address these issues, a localized and sustained delivery approach is undertaken, where we have developed a biodegradable polymeric film implant, by solvent casting method, using chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Incorporating PVA and crosslinker TPP with chitosan enhances the mechanical strength of the chitosan film, evident from reduction of elastic modulus from 18.51 to 0.19 MPa. Under <em>in vitro</em> conditions, the film gradually releases GEM, exhibiting increased cell-killing capabilities in both 2D and 3D cell models and enhanced efficacy against GEM-resistant PC cells. Delivery through implant induces alteration of the lipid content of cells and significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) enhances DNA double-strand break and antiproliferative properties. Furthermore, antitumor efficacy of GEM-loaded film (GEM-film) in pre-clinical settings significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) impairs tumor growth in advanced subcutaneous models and mitigates therapy resistance. GEM-film implants have proven ~7 times more effective in orthotopic models and have also delayed surgical relapse in PC mice models. Our study demonstrates that the delivery of GEM using the polymeric composite film is advantageous over that of free GEM in a pre-clinical context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214489"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}