{"title":"Complex-Valued Suprametric Spaces, Related Fixed Point Results, and Their Applications to Barnsley Fern Fractal Generation and Mixed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations","authors":"S. K. Panda, V. Vijayakumar, Ravi P. Agarwal","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070410","url":null,"abstract":"The novelty of this work is that it is the first to introduce complex-valued suprametric spaces and apply it to Fractal Generation and mixed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations. In the realm of fuzzy logic, complex-valued suprametric spaces provide a robust framework for quantifying the similarity between fuzzy sets; for instance, utilizing a complex-valued suprametric approach, we compared the similarity between fuzzy sets represented by complex-valued feature vectors, yielding quantitative measures of their relationships. Thereafter, we establish related fixed point results and their applications in algorithmic and numerical contexts. The study then delves into the generation of fractals, exemplified by the Barnsley Fern fractal, utilizing sequences of affine transformations within complex-valued suprametric spaces. Moreover, this article presents two algorithms for soft computing and fractal generation. The first algorithm uses complex-valued suprametric similarity for fuzzy clustering, iteratively assigning fuzzy sets to clusters based on similarity and updating cluster centers until convergence. The distinctive pattern of the Barnsley Fern fractal is produced by the second algorithm’s repetitive affine transformations, which are chosen at random. These techniques demonstrate how well complex numbers cluster and how simple procedures can create complicated fractals. Moving beyond fractal generation, the paper addresses the solution of mixed Volterra–Fredholm integral equations in the complex plane using our results, demonstrating numerical illustrations of complex-valued integral equations.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"58 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manigandan Murugesan, Saravanan Shanmugam, Mohamed Rhaima, Ragul Ravi
{"title":"Analysis of Non-Local Integro-Differential Equations with Hadamard Fractional Derivatives: Existence, Uniqueness, and Stability in the Context of RLC Models","authors":"Manigandan Murugesan, Saravanan Shanmugam, Mohamed Rhaima, Ragul Ravi","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070409","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we focus on the stability analysis of the RLC model by employing differential equations with Hadamard fractional derivatives. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions using Banach’s contraction principle and Schaefer’s fixed point theorem. To facilitate our key conclusions, we convert the problem into an equivalent integro-differential equation. Additionally, we explore several versions of Ulam’s stability findings. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applications of our main results. We also observe that modifications to the Hadamard fractional derivative lead to asymmetric outcomes. The study concludes with an applied example demonstrating the existence results derived from Schaefer’s fixed point theorem. These findings represent novel contributions to the literature on this topic, significantly advancing our understanding.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy Differential Subordination for Classes of Admissible Functions Defined by a Class of Operators","authors":"Ekram E. Ali, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, R. El-Ashwah","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper’s findings are related to geometric function theory (GFT). We employ one of the most recent methods in this area, the fuzzy admissible functions methodology, which is based on fuzzy differential subordination, to produce them. To do this, the relevant fuzzy admissible function classes must first be defined. This work deals with fuzzy differential subordinations, ideas borrowed from fuzzy set theory and applied to complex analysis. This work examines the characteristics of analytic functions and presents a class of operators in the open unit disk Jη,ςκ(a,e,x) for ς>−1,η>0, such that a,e∈R,(e−a)≥0,a>−x. The fuzzy differential subordination results are obtained using (GFT) concepts outside the field of complex analysis because of the operator’s compositional structure, and some relevant classes of admissible functions are studied by utilizing fuzzy differential subordination.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"66 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damage Law and Reasonable Width of Coal Pillar under Gully Area: Linking Fractal Characteristics of Coal Pillar Fractures to Their Stability","authors":"Zhaopeng Wu, Yunpei Liang, Kaijun Miao, Qigang Li, Sichen Liu, Qican Ran, Wanjie Sun, Hualong Yin, Yun Ma","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070407","url":null,"abstract":"The coal pillar is an important structure to control the stability of the roadway surrounding rock and maintain the safety of underground mining activities. An unreasonable design of the coal pillar size can result in the failure of the surrounding rock structure or waste of coal resources. The northern Shaanxi mining area of China belongs to the shallow buried coal seam mining in the gully area, and the gully topography makes the bearing law of the coal pillar and the development law of the internal fracture more complicated. In this study, based on the geological conditions of the Longhua Mine 20202 working face, a PFC2D numerical model was established to study the damage characteristics of coal pillars under the different overlying strata base load ratios in the gentle terrain area and the different gully slope sections in the gully terrain area, and the coal pillar design strategy based on the fractal characteristics of the fractures was proposed to provide a reference for determining the width of the coal pillars in mines under similar geological conditions. The results show that the reliability of the mathematical equation between the overlying strata base load ratio and the fractal dimension of the fractures in the coal pillar is high, the smaller the overlying strata base load ratio is, the greater the damage degree of the coal pillar is, and the width of the coal pillar of 15 m under the condition of the actual overlying strata base load ratio (1.19) is more reasonable. Compared with the gentle terrain area, the damage degree of the coal pillar in the gully terrain area is larger, in which the fractal dimension of the fracture in the coal pillar located below the gully bottom is the smallest, and the coal pillar in the gully terrain should be set as far as possible to make the coal pillar located below the gully bottom, so as to ensure the stability of the coal pillar.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"124 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahsan Fareed Shah, Serap Özcan, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, A. Kashuri
{"title":"Fractional Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-Type Inequalities for Interval-Valued Convex Stochastic Processes with Center-Radius Order and Their Related Applications in Entropy and Information Theory","authors":"Ahsan Fareed Shah, Serap Özcan, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, A. Kashuri","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070408","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new definition of the γ-convex stochastic processes (CSP) using center and radius (CR) order with the notion of interval valued functions (C.RI.V). By utilizing this definition and Mean-Square Fractional Integrals, we generalize fractional Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inclusions for generalized C.RI.V versions of convex, tgs-convex, P-convex, exponential-type convex, Godunova–Levin convex, s-convex, Godunova–Levin s-convex, h-convex, n-polynomial convex, and fractional n-polynomial (CSP). Also, our work uses interesting examples of C.RI.V(CSP) with Python-programmed graphs to validate our findings using an extension of Mercer’s inclusions with applications related to entropy and information theory.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"138 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivation of Closed-Form Expressions in Apéry-like Series Using Fractional Calculus and Applications","authors":"Ampol Duangpan, Ratinan Boonklurb, Udomsak Rakwongwan, Phiraphat Sutthimat","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the Apéry-like series and demonstrates the derivation of closed-form expressions using fractional calculus. We consider a variety of Apéry-like functions, which were categorized by their functional forms and coefficients by applying the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral and derivative to examine their properties across various domains. The study focuses on establishing rigorous mathematical frameworks that unveil new insights into the behaviors of these series, contributing to a deeper understanding of number theory and mathematical analysis. Key results include proofs of convergence and divergence within specified intervals and the derivation of closed-form solutions through fractional integration and differentiation. This paper also introduces a method aimed at conjecturing mathematical constants through continued fractions as an application of our results. Finally, we provide the proof of validation for three unproven conjectures of continued fractions obtained from the Ramanujan Machine.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sultan Almotairi, E. Badr, M. Elsisy, F. Farahat, M. El Sayed
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Fully Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Objective Multi-Item Solid Fractional Transportation Model","authors":"Sultan Almotairi, E. Badr, M. Elsisy, F. Farahat, M. El Sayed","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070404","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation is conducted in this paper into a performance analysis of fully intuitionistic fuzzy multi-objective multi-item solid fractional transport model (FIF-MMSFTM). It is to be anticipated that the parameters of the conveyance model will be imprecise by virtue of numerous uncontrollable factors. The model under consideration incorporates intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) quantities of shipments, costs and profit coefficients, supplies, demands, and transport. The FIF-MMSFTM that has been devised is transformed into a linear form through a series of operations. The accuracy function and ordering relations of IF sets are then used to reduce the linearized model to a concise multi-objective multi-item solid transportation model (MMSTM). Furthermore, an examination is conducted on several theorems that illustrate the correlation between the FIF-MMSFTM and its corresponding crisp model, which is founded upon linear, hyperbolic, and parabolic membership functions. A numerical example was furnished to showcase the efficacy and feasibility of the suggested methodology. The numerical data acquired indicates that the linear, hyperbolic, and parabolic models require fewer computational resources to achieve the optimal solution. The parabolic model has the greatest number of iterations, in contrast to the hyperbolic model which has the fewest. Additionally, the elapsed run time for the three models is a negligible amount of time: 0.2, 0.15, and 1.37 s, respectively. In conclusion, suggestions for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":"98 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of Fractional-Order Calculus in Robotics","authors":"A. Singh, Kishore Bingi","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070403","url":null,"abstract":"Fractional calculus, a branch of mathematical analysis, extends traditional calculus that encompasses integrals and derivatives of non-integer orders [...]","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Split-Step Galerkin FE Method for Two-Dimensional Space-Fractional CNLS","authors":"Xiaogang Zhu, Yaping Zhang, Yufeng Nie","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070402","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study a split-step Galerkin finite element (FE) method for the two-dimensional Riesz space-fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CNLSs). The proposed method adopts a second-order split-step technique to handle the nonlinearity and FE approximation to discretize the fractional derivatives in space, which avoids iteration at each time layer. The analysis of mass conservative and convergent properties for this split-step FE scheme is performed. To test its capability, some numerical tests and the simulation of the double solitons intersection and plane wave are carried out. The results and comparisons with the algorithm combined with Newton’s iteration illustrate its effectiveness and advantages in computational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employing the Laplace Residual Power Series Method to Solve (11)- and (21)-Dimensional Time-Fractional Nonlinear Differential Equations++","authors":"Adel R. Hadhoud, Abdulqawi A. M. Rageh, T. Radwan","doi":"10.3390/fractalfract8070401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8070401","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a highly efficient analytical method that combines the Laplace transform and the residual power series approach to approximate solutions of nonlinear time-fractional partial differential equations (PDEs). First, we derive the analytical method for a general form of fractional partial differential equations. Then, we apply the proposed method to find approximate solutions to the time-fractional coupled Berger equations, the time-fractional coupled Korteweg–de Vries equations and time-fractional Whitham–Broer–Kaup equations. Secondly, we extend the proposed method to solve the two-dimensional time-fractional coupled Navier–Stokes equations. The proposed method is validated through various test problems, measuring quality and efficiency using error norms E2 and E∞, and compared to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":510138,"journal":{"name":"Fractal and Fractional","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}