Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of airborne dust and spider webs for energy, environmental, and electronic applications","authors":"Kathalingam Adaikalam,&nbsp;Aviraj Mahadev Teli,&nbsp;Tae-Hee Kim,&nbsp;Hyun-Seok Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atmospheric pollution has been increasing because of the rapid expansion of industrial and related activities. This growing pollution significantly affects human health and contaminates consumable resources. In particular, aerosol particulate matter plays a critical role in deteriorating air quality and poses serious health risks. Efforts to use these waste materials as a sustainable approach to reducing environmental pollution have recently gained attention. Atmospheric dust particles can serve as a valuable source of carbon-based materials through simple and efficient conversion methods. These dust particles, which often carry various metal ions, can yield functional carbon materials suitable for diverse applications. Similarly, waste spider web fibers commonly found in households contain adsorbed inorganic nanoparticles and represent another potential source of carbon. These micro-sized particles can be transformed from hazardous pollutants into useful materials if properly processed. This study reports a facile method for converting waste aerosol dust particles and spider web fibers collected from residential areas into functional carbon products. The morphological, structural, chemical, and optical properties of the resulting fibrous carbon were characterized using SEM, XRD, UV-vis, Raman, PL, and BET techniques. The results demonstrated that carbon materials derived from dust and spider webs exhibit reasonably good properties, highlighting their potential for CO₂ sensing and electrochemical energy storage applications. This waste-derived carbon fiber can be processed further to improve its quality comparable to those of commercial carbon fibers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2263 - 2278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical characteristics of carbon-coated Li3PO4-Li5FeO4 pre-lithiation additive for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Ju Hui Jeong,&nbsp;Kang Mi Lee,&nbsp;Jong Dae Lee","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01114-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01114-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we prepared a carbon-coated prelithiation additive to replenish lithium ions lost to solid electrolyte interphase formation during the initial charge–discharge process. After mixing LiOH and FePO₄ in various weight ratios, Li₃PO₄–Li₅FeO₄ composites were synthesized through a two-step heat treatment involving precursor hydrolysis and a solid-state reaction. To improve the surface stability of the synthesized composites, a carbon coating was applied via chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as the carbon source. The physical properties of the mixed-phase composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The electrochemical properties were analyzed by charge–discharge cycling, rate capability tests, differential capacity(d<i>Q</i>/d<i>V)</i> analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The NCM811 cathode containing the prelithiation additive prepared at a LiOH/FePO₄ weight ratio of 11:1 exhibited the highest initial capacity of 242.3 mAh/g, corresponding to a 7.7% increase compared to pristine NCM811. Compared with NCM811 containing uncoated Li₃PO₄–Li₅FeO₄, the carbon-coated composite exhibited 7% higher capacity retention after 100 cycles and 7.9% higher charge capacity. Additionally, it maintained a high capacity of 161.2 mAh/g even at a rate of 6 C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2339 - 2346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AlN-PVDF composite protective coating for stabilizing lithium metal anodes in lithium metal batteries","authors":"Seul Ki Choi,&nbsp;Yun Seung Nah,&nbsp;Minho Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01113-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01113-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium metal anodes suffer from unstable interfacial behavior during repeated cycling, which limits their application in high-energy-density batteries. Herein, an AlN-PVDF composite layer was fabricated on Li metal anodes via a spray-coating process, and its influence on electrochemical performance was investigated. The AlN-PVDF coating did not alter the initial charge/discharge behavior of the cells. Compared with bare Li metal anodes, cells employing the AlN-PVDF@Li anode exhibited a smaller charge/discharge voltage hysteresis and improved cycling stability. In full cells assembled with NMC622 cathodes, the AlN-PVDF@Li anode retained approximately 116 mAh g^− 1 after 200 cycles at 5 C, corresponding to a capacity loss of ~ 20%, whereas the bare Li cell retained only ~ 94 mAh g^− 1 (~ 30% loss). These results demonstrate that a simple AlN-PVDF surface modification can effectively improve the electrochemical stability of Li metal anodes in full-cell configurations.</p><p>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2379 - 2388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced tetracycline degradation in flow-through electrocatalytic system with phenolic resin-modified carbon nanofibrous membranes","authors":"Man Peng,&nbsp;Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Zhaohui Yan,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Shuyu Wang,&nbsp;Haotian Zhang,&nbsp;Shasha Liu,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhao,&nbsp;Rashid Khan,&nbsp;Elyor Berdimurodov,&nbsp;Bing Wu,&nbsp;Shuyan Yu,&nbsp;Congju Li","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01110-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01110-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of antibiotics in the environment and their increasing ecological risks make it essential to develop efficient and cost-effective technologies for treating refractory antibiotics-containing wastewater. Compared with conventional physical adsorption and biodegradation, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) offer advantages including simple operation, free of additional chemicals, mild reaction conditions, and the ability to achieve both pollutant degradation and resource recovery. The carbon-based membrane shows great potential to be applied as a catalytic electrode, performing functions as conventional supports. This study fabricated self-supporting carbon nanofibrous membranes modified with phenolic resin (PR) by an electrospinning-thermal treatment strategy. The structural, conductivity, and mechanical properties of membranes prepared by four PR loading methods (immersion, spray coating, blend electrospinning, and grinding-remolding) were systematically studied. Owing to its superior conductivity and mechanical strength, the PR-I@PTA/ACFs-10 membrane prepared by the immersion method was selected as the working electrode in a flow-through electrocatalytic system for degrading tetracycline (TC). This configuration forces the reaction solution through the anode and cathode, significantly enhancing convective mass transfer and reactant contact. The results indicate that under conditions of 2.5 V, pH = 6, and 10 mM Na₂SO₄, the degradation rate of 10 mg L^-1 TC reached 85.07% within 1 h. Through characterization techniques and DFT calculations revealed the synergistic mechanism of PR modification in promoting the generation of ·OH and optimizing electron transport pathways. The primary intermediates and potential degradation pathways were identified by LC-MS and DFT LUMO-HOMO calculations, providing deep insights into the complex transformation processes during TC degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2169 - 2183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: challenges and industrial translation of MXene/biomass-carbon supercapacitors","authors":"Devu Bindhu,&nbsp;M. S. Gayathri,&nbsp;Anju Ramachandran,&nbsp;I. Jinchu,&nbsp;Rajan Jose,&nbsp;C. O. Sreekala","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01111-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01111-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing demand for sustainable, high-performance energy storage technologies has intensified research into electrode materials that combine environmental compatibility with superior electrochemical properties. MXenes, a diverse family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit metallic conductivity, tunable surface terminations, and pronounced pseudocapacitive behaviour. In contrast, biomass-derived carbons offer hierarchical porosity, chemical stability, renewability, and cost-effective production from abundant waste resources. Integrating these materials has emerged as an effective strategy for developing next-generation supercapacitors with high capacitance, rapid charge–discharge kinetics, and long-term cycling stability. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of MXenes and biomass-derived carbons, synthesis methods for MXene/biomass-carbon hybrids, their structural and physicochemical properties, and recent trends in electrochemical performance. The synergistic combination of MXene conductivity and biomass carbon porosity is emphasized, as is the importance of interfacial engineering in improving ion transport and electrode stability. Major challenges, such as MXene oxidation, nanosheet restacking, variability in biomass carbon precursors, and environmentally hazardous synthesis processes, are critically assessed. The review concludes by identifying future research directions, including the development of oxidation-resistant MXenes, environmentally friendly, scalable fabrication techniques, enhanced interfacial coupling, and advanced mechanistic insights through in-situ characterization. Collectively, this work underscores the significant potential of MXene/biomass-derived carbon hybrids as sustainable and high-performance electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitor technologies. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2041 - 2065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylacetone–sulfur polymer-derived sulfur/oxygen-doped porous carbons for co₂ capture and lithium–sulfur battery separator coatings","authors":"Ali Can Zaman,&nbsp;Figen Kaya,&nbsp;Cengiz Kaya","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01106-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01106-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sulfur/oxygen-rich polymer-derived carbons are promising multifunctional materials; however, solvent-assisted strategies for transforming low-molecular-weight oxygenated liquids into solid carbonizable networks remain underexplored. Herein, acetylacetone was used as an oxygen-bearing liquid precursor in a DMSO-assisted acetylacetone–sulfur reaction to form an acetylacetone–sulfur polymer (AcAcPS), which was subsequently converted into sulfur/oxygen-containing porous carbons by CO₂ activation or NaCl templating. XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, solid-state ¹³C NMR, DSC, and electrochemical analyses supported the formation of a chemically transformed sulfur–organic network containing AcAc-derived carbonyl/enolic functionalities. The resulting CO₂-C and NaCl-C carbons retained high sulfur contents of approximately 20–22 wt% and low oxygen contents of 2–4 wt%, while exhibiting distinct microporous/ultramicroporous and micro/macroporous architectures, respectively. At 298 K and 0.15 bar, CO₂-C and NaCl-C exhibited CO₂ uptakes of 0.75 and 0.81 mmol g⁻¹, respectively, and retained 0.52 and 0.58 mmol g⁻¹ at 313 K. When used as Li–S separator-coating additives at only 12.5 wt% of the coating formulation, CO₂-C and NaCl-C delivered sulfur-mass-normalized recovery capacities of 870 and 879 mAh g⁻¹, respectively, after returning to 0.1 C following the 2 C rate step, exceeding the conductive-carbon-only coating. UV–Vis adsorption/permeation tests and DFT calculations indicate that sulfur-containing carbon sites enhance interactions with Li₂S₆, although electrochemical performance also depends on pore accessibility, particle agglomeration, coating morphology, electrical connectivity, and interfacial transport. Overall, this work demonstrates a DMSO-assisted ketone–sulfur route for transforming an oxygen-bearing liquid molecule into sulfur-rich porous carbons with dual functionality in post-combustion CO₂ capture and Li–S separator modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 5","pages":"2289 - 2312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42823-026-01106-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile co-pyrolysis synthesis of nano si-anisotropic C composite anodes with controlled silicon dispersion for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Chaehun Lim,&nbsp;Sangyeop Lee,&nbsp;Minah Kang,&nbsp;Seongjae Myeong,&nbsp;Young-Seak Lee","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01107-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01107-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Si–C composite anodes have recently attracted considerable attention as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This study was aimed at establishing a facile method for synthesizing Si–C composite anodes, based on co-pyrolysis of petroleum residue oil and Si nanoparticles. The Si content was varied to identify the limits of Si incorporation. Anisotropic carbon with evenly dispersed silicon was successfully produced, and the threshold beyond which silicon aggregation degrades carbon anisotropy was identified. The anisotropic carbon–silicon nanocomposite anode displayed a high specific capacity of 459.1 mAh/g, excellent rate capability at 1000 mA/g, and superior cyclability. Excessive addition of silicon nanoparticles led to reduced cyclability and rate capability. Overall, this study provides an effective method for producing Si–C composite anodes with enhanced electrochemical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1547 - 1554"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Li-IL@CuBTC-enhanced PEO composite polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries","authors":"Sung Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Neema Cyril Karima,&nbsp;Kelvin Jenerali Nyamtara,&nbsp;Minkyeong Kim,&nbsp;Younghyun Cho,&nbsp;Young-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Jaehan Lee,&nbsp;Yun-Seok Jun,&nbsp;Wook Ahn","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01109-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01109-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries typically suffer from low ionic conductivity and unstable interactions with lithium metal, limiting their applicability in high-energy-density systems. To address these challenges, a novel nanoporous filler (Li-IL@CuBTC) was synthesized by encapsulating a lithium-containing ion-conductive liquid within the CuBTC metal–organic framework (MOF), and this filler was incorporated into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix to form a composite polymer electrolyte. The multifunctional filler enhances ion transport, suppresses PEO crystallinity, and improves electrolyte stability. Consequently, the composite polymer electrolyte has a broad electrochemical stability window (5.9 V), strong ionic conductivity (1.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature), and a high lithium-ion transference number (0.69), along with excellent compatibility with lithium metal. In LFP/PLLC/Li full cells operated at 60 °C, the electrolyte delivers outstanding cycling stability, maintaining reversible capacities of 160.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 151.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 250 cycles at 0.2 C and 2 C respectively. This study demonstrates an effective strategy for improving composite polymer electrolytes, offering promising potential for safe, durable, and high-energy-density energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1983 - 1997"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charcoal to graphene: a sustainable route via electrochemical exfoliation","authors":"Thiraset Suksaenkraisorn,&nbsp;Chanokphat Thana-dachophol,&nbsp;Kanokon Somkaew,&nbsp;Porpin Pungetmongkol","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01108-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01108-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Producing high-quality pristine graphene remains a major bottleneck for its widespread technological adoption due to the cost and limitations of conventional synthesis methods. Here, we emphasize biomass-derived charcoal as a sustainable, low-cost, and readily available carbon precursor, offering a practical alternative to traditional graphite sources. We demonstrate a simple and economical approach for graphene production involving charcoal pretreatment, controlled electrochemical exfoliation, surfactant-assisted sonication, and filtration. Comprehensive characterization using HRTEM, FESEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, AFM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of few-layer and single-layer graphene with structural properties comparable to commercial-grade materials. Electrochemical evaluation on graphene-modified screen-printed electrodes shows a 105% increase in electron mobility and a 17% reduction in charge transfer resistance, indicating enhanced electrical performance. These results highlight the potential of charcoal as a renewable carbon feedstock and establish a cost-effective, environmentally friendly pathway for graphene production, enabling applications in energy storage, sensing, and next-generation electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1969 - 1981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated carbon in microbial fuel cell: a role based-perspective","authors":"M. S. Gayathri,&nbsp;Devu Bindhu,&nbsp;Anju Ramachandran,&nbsp;I. Jinchu,&nbsp;B. Neethu,&nbsp; F.I. Ezema,&nbsp;C. O. Sreekala","doi":"10.1007/s42823-026-01098-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-026-01098-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Activated carbon (AC) has become a key material in microbial fuel cell technology (MFC), thanks to its high surface area, tunable porosity, structure-dependent electrical conductivity and sustainable origin. This review intends to present a role-based perspective on the functions of AC in the major MFC components including the anode, cathode and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The effects of the precursor, activation method and processing parameters on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of AC are critically analysed. In anodes, AC enhances microbial adhesion and extracellular electron transfer through oxygenated surface groups and hierarchical porosity. As a cathode catalyst, metal- and nitrogen-doped AC promotes efficient oxygen reduction reactions comparable to Pt-based systems, while drastically lowering costs. In PEMs, AC-based composites improve proton transport, water retention and mechanical integrity, offering low-cost, renewable alternatives to Nafion. The review also highlights how factors such as surface functionality, conductivity and pore structure govern electrochemical performance. Finally, emerging strategies like biomass activation, heteroatom doping, nanohybrid design and AI-driven optimization are identified as pathways toward scalable, high-performance and circular-economy-based MFC systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"36 4","pages":"1475 - 1502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}