Carbon Letters最新文献

{"title":"Advances in graphene aerogel–metal oxides (Ni, Co, and Mn) composites for supercapacitor electrodes","authors":"Fang Peng,&nbsp;Zhihan Liu,&nbsp;Hongge Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyun Ou,&nbsp;Xu Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00827-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00827-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene aerogels have gained widespread recognition in recent years as electrode materials for supercapacitors, primarily attributed to their excellent stability and impressive specific capacitance. However, further enhancing their specific capacitance is a formidable task. One viable strategy to overcome this hurdle is to composite them with metal oxides. In doing so, the metal oxides boost the specific capacitance of graphene aerogels, while the latter addresses the stability issues inherent in metal oxides. This article reviews recent research on Ni, Co, and Mn oxide–graphene composite aerogels in supercapacitors, summarizing their preparation processes, performance and energy storage mechanism. While existing studies have demonstrated the feasibility of metal oxide–graphene composite aerogels as supercapacitor electrodes, several challenges remain, necessitating deeper exploration by researchers in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing business strategies for carbon energy management in buildings: a machine learning approach in economics and management","authors":"Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Teeb Basim Abbas,&nbsp;Yousef Zandi,&nbsp;Alireza Sadighi Agdas,&nbsp;Zahra Sadighi Agdas,&nbsp;Meldi Suhatril,&nbsp;Emad Toghroli,&nbsp;Awad A. Ibraheem,&nbsp;Anas A. Salameh,&nbsp;Hakim AL Garalleh,&nbsp;Hamid Assilzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00801-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00801-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimizing business strategies for energy through machine learning involves using predictive analytics for accurate energy demand and price forecasting, enhancing operational efficiency through resource optimization and predictive maintenance, and optimizing renewable energy integration into the energy grid. This approach maximizes production, reduces costs, and ensures stability in energy supply. The novelty of integrating deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in energy management lies in its ability to adapt and optimize operational strategies in real-time, autonomously leveraging advanced machine learning techniques to handle dynamic and complex energy environments. The study’s outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of DRL in optimizing energy management strategies. Statistical validity tests revealed shallow error values [MAE: 1.056 × 10⁽⁻¹³⁾ and RMSE: 1.253 × 10⁽⁻¹³⁾], indicating strong predictive accuracy and model robustness. Sensitivity analysis showed that heating and cooling energy consumption variations significantly impact total energy consumption, with predicted changes ranging from 734.66 to 835.46 units. Monte Carlo simulations revealed a mean total energy consumption of 850 units with a standard deviation of 50 units, underscoring the model’s robustness under various stochastic scenarios. Another significant result of the economic impact analysis was the comparison of different operational strategies. The analysis indicated that scenario 1 (high operational costs) and scenario 2 (lower operational costs) both resulted in profits of $70,000, despite differences in operational costs and revenues. However, scenario 3 (optimized strategy) demonstrated superior financial performance with a profit of $78,500. This highlights the importance of strategic operational improvements and suggests that efficiency optimization can significantly enhance profitability. In addition, the DRL-enhanced strategies showed a marked improvement in forecasting and managing demand fluctuations, leading to better resource allocation and reduced energy wastage. Integrating DRL improves operational efficiency and supports long-term financial viability, positioning energy systems for a more sustainable future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"607 - 621"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress of low-loaded platinum on well-functionalized carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction","authors":"Seon-Yeong Lee,&nbsp;Myung Kyoon Kim,&nbsp;U-hyeok Son,&nbsp;Seunggyun Han,&nbsp;Seungik Lee,&nbsp;Han-Ik Joh","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00822-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00822-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-loaded (1–5 wt%) platinum on carbon-based electrocatalysts (l-Pt/C) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has garnered attention as a promising approach to advancing fuel cell commercialization. Carbon materials, known for their morphological diversity, high specific surface area, ease of doping, cost-effectiveness, and high electrical conductivity, are widely used as supports for l-Pt/C catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in carbon-based l-Pt/C catalysts, focusing on three major strategies: modulating pore structure, utilizing the Pt size effect, and introducing novel Pt active sites. Each strategy is detailed, highlighting its principles, characteristics, and limitations with illustrative examples. Finally, we discuss and offer guidance for future research perspectives on highly active l-Pt/C catalysts for ORR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"107 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of the edge states for the band structure of armchair graphene nanoribbons","authors":"Michael Filatov,&nbsp;Anna Pomogaeva,&nbsp;Seung Kyu Min","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00824-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00824-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The one-electron states of (7,38) armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) have been investigated in the ground and excited singlet electronic states by a multi-configuration ensemble density functional theory method. The quasiparticle energies for both electron removal and electron addition states were used to construct the electronic bands of the bulk and zigzag edge states of the ribbon. The zigzag edge states of the ribbon are dispersionless and localized at the ribbon termini. Energetically, the electron removal and electron addition edge states are separated by 2.4 eV, which is in good agreement with the experimentally measured splitting of 2.45±0.10 eV in AGNR of similar length. Excitation of the edge electrons results in a highly electrically polarized singlet excited state, where some of the delocalized bulk orbitals become confined within the structural units (anthracene), thus leading to the formation of Wannier–Stark ladder states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"767 - 779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the carbon structure of chars formed from coal with plastic waste and coal tar pitch additives","authors":"Joseph Appiah,&nbsp;Lu Tian,&nbsp;Xiuli Xu,&nbsp;Jinxiao Dou,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang,&nbsp;Xingxing Chen,&nbsp;Jianglong Yu","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00823-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00823-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastic wastes such as polyethylene terephthalate have recently been incorporated into coal as additives in coke manufacturing. Plastic waste results in the reduction of high-quality coal usage while protecting the environment. Using coal tar pitch as an additive in the coal blend causes an increase in fluidity during carbonization. The volatile matter released during carbonisation affects coal thermoplasticity, hence the carbon structural parameters. This paper investigates the role of polyethylene terephthalate and the mixture of polyethylene terephthalate and coal tar pitch on carbon structure formation during coal to coke transformation. The additives were blended with coking coal in 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10% wt. The results imply that incorporating coal tar pitch into the coal/ polyethylene terephthalate mixture improves the crystallite height of the resulting semi-coke. The addition of coal tar pitch and polyethylene teraphthalate blend to coking coal at a percentage below 5%wt. leads a positive impact on the crystallite height of the resulting coal char. The incorporation of coal tar pitch into the blend decreased the average interlayer spacing. At elevated temperatures, the polyethylene terephthalate in the blend causes an increase in the mean tortuosity. However, incorporating coal tar pitch into the blend led to about 3.3% decrease in mean tortuosity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"749 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating structural disparities in carbon nanoribbons and nanobelts through spectroscopies","authors":"Jungpil Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00825-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00825-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, simulated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to differentiate the carbon nanoribbons (CNRs) and carbon nanobelts (CNBs) with different edges. CNRs, characterized by linear, extended π-conjugated systems, and CNBs, featuring closed-loop, cyclic structures, exhibit distinct bandgaps influenced by edge configuration and molecular structure. CNBs generally possess smaller bandgaps than GNRs due to enhanced π-conjugation and electron delocalization in their curved structures. Specifically, the bandgaps of zigzag-edged GNRs and CNBs are smaller than those of their armchair-edged counterparts. These differences in electronic states cause shifts in the position of the C1s XPS peaks. ANR and ANB exhibit lower binding energies (BEs) compared to ZNR and ZNB. The peak position differences, which are 1.3 eV between ZNR and ANR and 0.5 eV between ZNB and ANB, highlight how edge configuration can differentiate structures within the same ribbon or belt type. While ZNR and ZNB have nearly identical peak positions, rendering them hard to distinguish, the 0.9 eV difference between ANR and ANB allows for clear differentiation. In ZNR and ZNB, strong bands from C–H bending and C–C stretching were observed, with slight differences in band positions allowing for structural differentiation. In ANR and ANB, the Kekulé vibration band was most intense, appearing at lower wavenumbers in ANB. Additionally, ANB showed unique C–C stretching bands at 1483 and 1581 cm⁻¹, which were barely observed in ANR. This study lays the groundwork for future spectroscopic analysis of GNRs and CNBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"2447 - 2453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnPb/C composites coating layer on stainless steel for bipolar plate of unitized regenerative fuel cells","authors":"Joon Young Kim,&nbsp;Chanmin Jo,&nbsp;Dae Jun Moon,&nbsp;Gyoung Hwa Jeong,&nbsp;Gnanaprakasam Janani,&nbsp;Seungryul Yoo,&nbsp;Dong Chan Seok,&nbsp;Seon Yeop Jung,&nbsp;Tae-Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Ho-Young Jung,&nbsp;Uk Sim","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00817-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00817-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For the commercialization of bipolar plates, several properties must be considered together. Electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, contact resistance, mechanical strength, and light weight are essential evaluation factors, with corrosion resistance and durability being significant for unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), which must operate in electrolysis and fuel cell mode. However, improving both properties is challenging, since corrosion resistance is largely inversely proportional to conductivity. In this study, to improve both properties together, composites composed of Pb and Zn with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance were prepared with graphite powder and formed as a coating layer on the surface of 304 stainless steel (SS304) and evaluated for electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Among the ZnPb/C composites prepared at various ratios, Zn8Pb2/C exhibited the lowest transmittance resistance of 1.566 Ω, and improved electrical conductivity and durability compared to bare SS304.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 1","pages":"365 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and thermal conductivity properties of CF/SR composites with high orientation and low interfacial thermal resistance based on the synergistic effect of magnetic field, torsional vibration and Diels-Alder reaction","authors":"Chenhui Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Yin,&nbsp;Zhi Liu,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Meiping Song,&nbsp;Jiancheng Guo,&nbsp;Xueping Gao,&nbsp;Bo Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaomin Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00814-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00814-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the integration of devices in electronics manufacturing increases, there is a growing demand for thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high through-plane thermal conductivity. Vertically aligned carbon fiber (CF) thermally conductive composites have received considerable attention from researchers. However, the presence of significant interfacial thermal resistance at the interface between CFs and polymer presented a significant challenge to achieving the desired thermal conductivity, even in highly vertically aligned structures. Here, in addition to developing a polymer-based thermally conductive composite based on highly oriented CFs, we employed the Diels–Alder reaction to enhance the interfacial bonding between the CFs and the polymer matrix. Notably, we proposed the thermal conductivity enhancing mechanism of the highly oriented CFs filled silicone rubber (SR) composite originated from the strengthened interfacial bonding. The results indicated that the Diels–Alder reaction facilitated an increase in the thermal conductivity of the composite from 17.69 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ to 21.50 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ with a CF loading of 71.4 wt%. Additionally, a novel nano-indentation test was employed to analyse the interfacial strengthening of composites. Our research have significant implications for the advancement of thermal management in the field of electronics and energy, particularly with regard to the development of high-performance thermally conductive composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"687 - 698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorinated reed-carbon with three-dimensional porous channels to boost high-rate performance of lithium/fluorinated carbon battery","authors":"Boliang Wang,&nbsp;Baosheng Bai,&nbsp;Gaobang Chen,&nbsp;Qihui Sun,&nbsp;Guanjun Zhang,&nbsp;Xiwen Wang,&nbsp;Xian Jian","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00820-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00820-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-rate performance of lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF_x) battery remains a challenge due to poor discharge dynamics behavior accompanied by the overheating issue. We developed a novel fluorinated reed-carbon with three-dimensional (3D) porous channels to favor discharge dynamics behavior achieving excellent discharge performance as high as 5 C. Typically, the preparation of fluorinated reed-carbon mainly involves three steps, namely, crushing into powders, pre-carbonization of reed and precise fluorination. During the fluorination process, we precisely controlled the fluorination temperature in range of 330–370 °C and gas ratio (F₂ of ~ 15 vol%) to optimize the fluorine carbon ratio. This kind of CF_x possesses the novel structure at the scale of micron level ranging from 0.5 to 3 μm, which favors the electrolyte and charge transport through the channels smoothly. This 3D porous structure increases the specific surface area of the CF_x material, providing more chemical reaction sites to enhance discharge dynamics behavior and effectively hinder the volume expansion of batteries, which is conductive to improve the high-rate performance of Li/CF_x battery. This low-cost and facile approach opens up a novel pathway to design carbon materials and CF_x for Li/CF_x battery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"729 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural modulation of graphene–polyimide interfaces below pyrolysis temperature under electrothermal treatment","authors":"Jianshu Yu,&nbsp;Hui Ding,&nbsp;Bin Chen,&nbsp;Xuejiao Sun,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongfu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s42823-024-00810-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42823-024-00810-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the area of carbon-based thin films, graphene/polyimide conductive films display remarkable heat resistance and mechanical properties, making them a valuable resource for utilisation in a multitude of manufacturing and living contexts. Nevertheless, modulating the interfacial structure between graphene and polyimide represents a significant challenge in the pursuit of enhancing the conductivity of the composite films, due to the elevated initial temperature of polyimide pyrolysis (exceeding 600 °C). To develop it, this study found that polyimide could undergo chemical bond breaking and atomic rearrangement at around 500 °C, when subjected to an applied electric field in graphene/polyimide films. A series of characterisations showed that the graphene/polyimide film formed a new interfacial structure under electrothermal treatment, which enhanced the electron transport capacity and increased its conductivity from about 1497.01 s m⁻¹ to about 2688.17 s m⁻¹, with an increase of about 79.57%. This study would provide the possibility of modulating the structure of polyimide below the pyrolysis temperature, as well as a feasible idea for transferring the properties of graphene into the polyimide matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":506,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Letters","volume":"35 2","pages":"659 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}