IET Computers and Digital Techniques最新文献

{"title":"FPGA Realization of a Novel Hyperchaos Augmented Image Encryption Algorithm","authors":"Wassim Alexan,&nbsp;Noura H. Elshabasy,&nbsp;Eyad Mamdouh,&nbsp;Remas Osama,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany,&nbsp;Dina El-Damak","doi":"10.1049/cdt2/6416727","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cdt2/6416727","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid growth of multimedia communication, protecting image data has become increasingly critical. This article proposes a novel 3-stage hyperchaos-based augmented image encryption technique (3SHAIET) that utilizes a three-stage process with chaotic systems of increasing dimensionality (e.g., six-dimensional [6D], 8D, and 9D) to enhance security against cryptographic attacks. At each stage, the image is converted into a 1D bit-stream array, encrypted using dynamically generated S-boxes, and XORed with keys derived from the chaotic systems, ensuring high sensitivity to initial conditions and strong diffusion and confusion properties. To achieve real-time performance, the algorithm is realized on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), leveraging hardware acceleration for the lowest possible latency encryption. The FPGA realization is shown to provide a 165 times improvement in encryption rate over its corresponding software implementation. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s robustness, with an extremely large key space of 2⁵⁴⁷⁵ and resistance to statistical (PSNR of 8.11 dB, MAE of 81.74, and entropy of 7.999) and differential attacks (NPCR of 99.6216% and UACI of 32.0534%). Additionally, the resulting encrypted images’ bit-streams successfully pass all National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness tests, further validating the algorithm’s security. These results make the proposed 3SHAIET algorithm a highly efficient and secure solution for modern multimedia systems. The objective of 3SHAIET is to jointly maximize cryptographic strength (via multistage hyperchaotic keys and dynamic S-boxes) and real-time efficiency (via FPGA realization) for secure multimedia transmission and storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cdt2/6416727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147320878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148082634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Posit Multiplication: A Comprehensive Review of Booth and Logarithmic Mantissa Methods","authors":"Thalla Narasimha Swetha,&nbsp;Uppugunduru Anil Kumar,&nbsp;Syed Ershad Ahmed","doi":"10.1049/cdt2/7515558","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cdt2/7515558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The posit number system represents a significant advancement aimed at replacing the current IEEE floating-point standard in a seamless manner. With its notable dynamic range and gradually tapering precision, a smaller posit can closely match the performance of a larger floating-point number in representing decimal values. Multiplication is a fundamental arithmetic operation that is essential in a wide range of applications, particularly in fields such as image processing, signal processing, neural networks (NNs), and machine learning. Given the considerable power consumption, area requirements, and latency associated with multiplication, it is imperative to explore optimization strategies in these areas. This article provides a comprehensive review of both exact and inexact (approximate) posit multiplier designs. It includes a detailed comparative evaluation of their error rates and circuit characteristics, aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of the distinctive features of various designs. This study examines Booth-based posit multipliers and logarithmic posit multipliers, categorizing Booth multipliers into exact and inexact types. The posit multipliers are implemented and synthesized using the Cadence RTL Compiler in Verilog HDL, while error characterization is conducted using the soft posit library in Python. In this article, power, area, and delay are compared in relation to the mean relative error distance (MRED). The comparative results indicate that the logarithmic-based posit multiplier is hardware-efficient but has low accuracy. In contrast, the Booth posit multiplier offers superior accuracy, despite having higher performance metrics. Notably, the logarithmic multiplier, referred to as posit logarithmic-approximate multiplier (PLAM), provides a substantial decrease in power, area, and delay by at least 92%, 82%, and 78%, respectively, compared to all the Booth multipliers. The approximation error of PLAM is analyzed, including metrics such as MRED, to assess performance relative to exact posit multipliers. The posit logarithmic multiplier was validated using various NN architectures, including LeNet-5, VGG11, and ResNet-18. The results indicate that posit logarithmic multiplier achieves inference accuracy comparable to traditional floating-point multipliers while also enhancing hardware efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cdt2/7515558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148067048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Emotion Recognition Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Mou Hongwei,&nbsp;Wang Xue,&nbsp;Huang Kai","doi":"10.1049/cdt2/1845378","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cdt2/1845378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial emotion recognition has poor robustness and low recognition accuracy in complex lighting, posture changes, and occlusion scenes. This study aims to design a high-performance convolutional neural network (CNN) model to improve the recognition accuracy and generalization ability of seven basic emotions in complex environments. FER2013, CK+ and Japanese female cultural specific expression (JAFFE) datasets are selected, and data preprocessing is performed through grayscale, histogram equalization and size normalization; secondly, random rotation, horizontal flipping and brightness perturbation are used for data enhancement to improve the generalization of the model; then, a 12-layer CNN model is constructed, including four convolutional blocks, two fully connected layers and an output layer, and Dropout (0.5) is used to prevent overfitting; the Adam optimizer is used to iterate 100 epochs on the training data, with cross entropy as the loss function, and the early stopping mechanism is used to optimize the hyperparameters on the validation set. The highest accuracy rate reaches 99.2% on the FER2013 test set, and the average accuracy rates of 97.3% and 88.3% are obtained in the cross-dataset tests of CK+ and JAFFE, respectively. Key performance indicators show that the average recall rate is 90.7%; the precision rate is 90.4%; the F1-score is 90.5%; the accuracy rate is still 85.2% in the standard mask occlusion test scenario. The proposed CNN model significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of emotion recognition under complex conditions through end-to-end feature learning and data enhancement strategies, providing an effective technical solution for real-time emotion analysis systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cdt2/1845378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148083941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148081737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Augmented Reality Technology in Visual Communication Design","authors":"Xiao Hong Tian","doi":"10.1049/cdt2/4006505","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cdt2/4006505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of computer science and information technology, augmented reality (AR) technology has been widely used in the field of visual communication design. AR is needed in visual communication design because it allows blending the real world with the virtual one, which cannot be done with the help of traditional 2D design methods. This paper aims to enhance the application of reality technology in visual communication design and evaluate its effect and advantages and disadvantages through experiments. In this paper, AR technology is used to virtually superimpose images, videos, and other elements in the real scene to achieve colorful visual communication effects. Meanwhile, the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is used to optimize the AR content to improve its visual quality and realism. Finally, the effect and user experience of traditional graphic design and AR design are compared through experiments. The research results show that AR technology can enhance the visualization effect of information, increase the user participation by nearly 20% year-on-year, and enhance the memory durability by 4.37% compared with before. AR technology can also create a unique experience different from traditional design media. It shows that AR technology can effectively improve the effect and user experience of visual communication design and provide more abundant and diversified design tools and means for visual communication designers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cdt2/4006505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148074115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Adding Global Registration Model in Video Coding With Local Affine Motion Model","authors":"Zhe Zheng,&nbsp;Wei Ma,&nbsp;Jinghua Liu,&nbsp;Jinghui Lu,&nbsp;Song Qiu,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Wenpeng Cui","doi":"10.1049/cdt2/6692669","DOIUrl":"10.1049/cdt2/6692669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the widespread application of local affine (LA) motion models in various video coding standards, this study explores the implementation methods and performance changes of introducing a global registration model in an encoder that already includes a LA motion model. First, a coding scheme combining global and local registration is achieved by incorporating global registration computation, optimizing reference frame selection strategies, and macroblock mode selection strategies. Second, through experiments, the impact of introducing a global warp motion model and a global translational (GT) registration model on performance is further compared. The results indicate that the introduction of a global warp motion model leads to functional redundancy and mutual interference, with higher computational complexity and limited overall benefits. On the other hand, introducing a GT registration model can complement and enhance the coding performance for translation scenarios, working in synergy with the LA model, while maintaining lower computational complexity and greater practicality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50383,"journal":{"name":"IET Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/cdt2/6692669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}