International Journal of Automotive Technology最新文献_第4页

Single- and Multi-material-Based Design of Lightweight Vehicle Body 基于单一材料和多种材料的轻质车身设计

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00114-7

Çağatay Koç, Paşa Yayla

{"title":"Single- and Multi-material-Based Design of Lightweight Vehicle Body","authors":"Çağatay Koç, Paşa Yayla","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00114-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00114-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of design parameter adjustments on the vehicle’s strength and body weight. To generate a lightweight design for a vehicle body, the bus body is examined and optimised. The direct optimisation process is used to obtain optimised vehicle bodies by changing material, component’s wall thickness and material diversity. The entire body of the vehicle is considered, but local optimisation is prioritised in this work because some parts are affected more than others under different loading conditions. Three different loading conditions are decided by considering normal loads on the vehicle bodies under normal driving conditions. The vehicle’s body structure weight is minimised while stresses and deformations are created in the boundaries. Three different materials are initially analysed and optimised. The multi-material vehicle body is designed after combining two materials with the best optimisation performance using optimisation rates. After obtaining the multi-material-based vehicle structure, its initial analysis and optimisation procedures are calculated as single-material-based vehicle structures. Finally, four different optimised vehicle body structures are obtained: three single-material based and one multi-material based. The effects of different loading conditions, and design parameters, such as component wall thickness, material type, and material diversity, are investigated, along with their advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improved Grey Relational Theory Evaluation Method: Considering the Comprehensive Performance of Autonomous Vehicles in Virtual Test 改进的灰色关系理论评估方法：考虑虚拟测试中自动驾驶汽车的综合性能

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00113-8

Wei Wang, Wen-Bo Li, Fu-Fan Qu, Ting Dong, Guang-Yu Wang, Li-Guang Wu, Cun-Yang Shi

{"title":"An Improved Grey Relational Theory Evaluation Method: Considering the Comprehensive Performance of Autonomous Vehicles in Virtual Test","authors":"Wei Wang, Wen-Bo Li, Fu-Fan Qu, Ting Dong, Guang-Yu Wang, Li-Guang Wu, Cun-Yang Shi","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00113-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00113-8","url":null,"abstract":"Reasonable test scenarios and objective evaluation methods can rapidly promote the development of autonomous vehicle technology. A new quantitative evaluation method for the comprehensive performance of autonomous vehicle is proposed in this paper. First, different test environments and test contents are combined to obtain vehicle test scenarios of different complexity. Then, the evaluation index system of autonomous vehicle is divided into target layer, total index layer, and index layer. After that, the weights of the index layer are determined by the objective weight method of Criteria Importance though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method, and the total weights of index layer are determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of subjective weight method. Finally, the improved grey relational theory method is used to quantitatively evaluate autonomous vehicles from four aspects: driving safety, riding comfort, intelligence, and efficiency. The quantitative evaluation of autonomous vehicles can reduce the influence of abnormal data on the correlation degree and increase the robustness of the evaluation algorithm. The evaluation results of the proposed method and the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are compared by simulation experiment and evaluation. The results show that the proposed evaluation method in this paper is more objective and reasonable, which can quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive performance of autonomous vehicles.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Non-isothermal Jet Air Supply Method for Human Thermal Comfort Regulation in Commercial Vehicle Based on Localized Air Conditioning System 基于局部空调系统的商用车内人体热舒适度调节的非等温喷射送风方法研究

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00111-w

Qiushi Wan, Youwei Zhang, Sheng Wu

{"title":"Research on Non-isothermal Jet Air Supply Method for Human Thermal Comfort Regulation in Commercial Vehicle Based on Localized Air Conditioning System","authors":"Qiushi Wan, Youwei Zhang, Sheng Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00111-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00111-w","url":null,"abstract":"Uneven heating of the human body in the cabin is one of the main reasons for poor thermal comfort. In this study, five small thermoelectric cooling devices were used to build the automobile localized air conditioning system to improve body temperature uniformity by the method of multi-point air supply. The cooling capacity of each thermoelectric cooling device can be changed independently so the localized air conditioning could work with a non-isothermal jet air supply method to optimize each thermoelectric cooling device outlet temperature based on thermal simulation analysis results aimed at better body heat flux balance and lower power consumption. The air temperature and skin temperature test were done to verify the simulation as well. The maximum deviation of the predicted stable air temperature was 0.82 ℃. The maximum deviation of the predicted skin temperature was 1.83 ℃. The subjective evaluation experiment of human thermal comfort was carried out, and the average overall thermal comfort vote of the volunteers was changed from 1.02 to − 0.44 after the localized air condition turning on, which showed that the temperature adjustment had a good effect on improving the heat balance and the thermal comfort of the human body.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Path Tracking Control Based on Optimal Look-Ahead Points 基于最优前瞻点的路径跟踪控制研究

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00117-4

Yong Guan, Ning Li, Pengzhan Chen, Yongchao Zhang

{"title":"Research on Path Tracking Control Based on Optimal Look-Ahead Points","authors":"Yong Guan, Ning Li, Pengzhan Chen, Yongchao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00117-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00117-4","url":null,"abstract":"Pure pursuit tracking algorithms are a popular control method in the field of autonomous navigation, where the selection of a look-ahead point plays a crucial role in tracking performance. However, the computation of the look-ahead point involves issues that are challenging to describe precisely using mathematics. To enhance the tracking precision of vehicles on curved trajectories, we propose an improved optimal look-ahead point path tracking algorithm. This algorithm primarily seeks the optimal look-ahead point by considering both longitudinal look-ahead distance and lateral position offset. To begin, we employ the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to train vehicles to determine the optimal longitudinal look-ahead distance under various constant curvature and velocity conditions. Subsequently, by utilizing the optimal longitudinal look-ahead distance and the front-wheel steering angle, we construct a lateral deviation search region. Finally, we use an evaluation function to search for the optimal look-ahead point within this region. Simulation tests demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves tracking accuracy under varying curvature trajectory conditions.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective Mechanical Properties of an Innovative Module-Free Li-Ion Battery Pack Integrated with Honeycomb Cells and Optimum Design for Enhanced Crash Energy Absorption 集成蜂窝电池的创新型无模块锂离子电池组的有效机械特性以及增强碰撞能量吸收的优化设计

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00118-3

Hyojung Kim, Cheol Kim

{"title":"Effective Mechanical Properties of an Innovative Module-Free Li-Ion Battery Pack Integrated with Honeycomb Cells and Optimum Design for Enhanced Crash Energy Absorption","authors":"Hyojung Kim, Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00118-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00118-3","url":null,"abstract":"To create advanced lithium-ion battery packs (BP) that are both lightweight and durable in crashes, an innovative honeycomb BP design has been developed. This design involves inserting cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells into a honeycomb cell core, eliminating the need for traditional modules. To reduce the weight of BP, collision analyses using the finite element method (FEM) are conducted with various thickness-to-length ratios for the honeycomb cell structures. A new mathematical formula is developed to calculate the energy absorption rate per unit volume and compared with the FEM results. Based on the formula, the optimal thickness-to-length ratio is determined. Furthermore, a new method to capture effective mechanical properties for the integrated battery cells with honeycomb cells is developed using the optimal thickness ratios and a modified rule of mixture. To enhance the collision safety of the honeycomb BP, its dimensions have been optimized by performing transient FE analyses while colliding with a rigid pillar on its one edge. A weight reduction of approximately 23.7% has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Various Compression Ratios on a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Hydrogen-Fueled Engine in a Single-Cylinder Engine 不同压缩比对单缸直喷式火花点火氢燃料发动机的影响

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00096-6

Seungjae Kim, Jeongwoo Lee, Seungil Lee, Seunghyun Lee, Kiyeon Kim, Kyoungdoug Min

{"title":"Effects of Various Compression Ratios on a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Hydrogen-Fueled Engine in a Single-Cylinder Engine","authors":"Seungjae Kim, Jeongwoo Lee, Seungil Lee, Seunghyun Lee, Kiyeon Kim, Kyoungdoug Min","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00096-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00096-6","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of compression ratio and injection timing on a direct injection spark ignition hydrogen engine under various excessive air ratios were analyzed using a 0.4-L single-cylinder engine in this study. The engine speed was set to 1500 rpm, and the excessive air ratio was changed by controlling the amount of injected hydrogen under wide-open throttle conditions. The compression ratio was changed from 10, 12, and 14 and the injection timing was varied from BTDC 200, 160, 120°CA. The results revealed that for a compression ratio 14 at a rich limit, late injection timing reduced knocking incidence by taking advantage of stratified mixtures combustion and increased indicated thermal efficiency by reducing combustion loss while producing lower NOx emissions. For compression ratio 14 at an excessive air ratio of 2.2, late injection timing increased indicated thermal efficiency by reducing both combustion and heat losses, achieving the higher indicated thermal efficiency of 42.3%. Although NOx emissions increased with the injection timing retardation, NOx emissions decreased to under 1 g/kWh under excessive air ratios above 2.5 conditions at all injection timings.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steering Stability Control Strategy Applied to Distributed Electric Drive Vehicles: Energy Optimization Considering Multi-objective Demands 应用于分布式电驱动车辆的转向稳定性控制策略：考虑多目标需求的能量优化

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00119-2

Yang Zhao, Xiangwei Wang

{"title":"Steering Stability Control Strategy Applied to Distributed Electric Drive Vehicles: Energy Optimization Considering Multi-objective Demands","authors":"Yang Zhao, Xiangwei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00119-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00119-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a cooperative controller that is specifically designed to enhance the stability of a distributed-drive vehicle during steering. The controller focuses on improving lateral stability during steering and achieving optimal torque allocation to meet numerous objectives. The article proposes a novel approach to improve the performance of the sliding mode controller for transverse stability control during steering. This is achieved by designing a fractional-order non-singular fast terminal sliding mode surface function, a fractional-order double-power exponential convergence law, and introducing a weighted integration term. Furthermore, the vehicle’s torque was fine-tuned by employing an ant colony optimization (ACO) technique within the acceptable range defined by the lateral and longitudinal control requirements. To prevent the ACO algorithm from being stuck in local optima, a pseudo-random rule was implemented based on the original state transfer probability. This rule helps accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. Additionally, an elite approach and a dynamic change strategy for pheromone concentration were devised. Ultimately, the performance of the co-controller that was built is evaluated by simulation experiments conducted under both accelerated and decelerated driving situations. The test findings indicate that the technique effectively improves the lateral stability, tracking control, and energy economy of electric cars, with promising potential for practical use.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SOC Estimation of Power Lithium Battery Based on RGC and Multi-innovation UKF Joint Algorithm 基于 RGC 和多创新 UKF 联合算法的动力锂电池 SOC 估算

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00116-5

Zhengjun Huang, Yu Chen, Hangxu Yang

引用次数: 0

The Research of 3D Point Cloud Data Clustering Based on MEMS Lidar for Autonomous Driving 基于 MEMS 激光雷达的自动驾驶三维点云数据聚类研究

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00112-9

Weikang Yang, Siwei Dong, Dagang Li

{"title":"The Research of 3D Point Cloud Data Clustering Based on MEMS Lidar for Autonomous Driving","authors":"Weikang Yang, Siwei Dong, Dagang Li","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00112-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00112-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of autonomous driving, the perception of the environment plays a crucial role, serving as a fundamental component. Accurate and precise environmental detection is vital in providing detailed information about obstacles for the control module of autonomous vehicles. MEMS LiDAR, as a prevalent sensor for acquiring obstacle positions, offers high accuracy in data acquisition by leveraging its dense point cloud information. However, a characteristic of MEMS LiDAR is the decrease in cloud density as the distance increases. Failure to consider this issue can lead to problems such as merging or splitting of obstacles during the clustering process. Furthermore, relying solely on a two-dimensional grid-based approach poses challenges when it comes to detecting overhanging obstacles. To overcome these challenges, we propose a method that tackles the problems of undistinguishable adjacent obstacles, splitting of distant obstacles, and the detection of overhanging structures. First, we apply ground segmentation techniques to remove ground-based points from the point cloud data. This step helps in isolating the obstacles of interest and improving the accuracy of subsequent analysis. Next, we create a three-dimensional grid map and determine the occupancy of each grid cell. To optimize the problem of distant obstacle splitting, we employ a dilation algorithm to expand the occupancy of the grid cells. Subsequently, we convert the three-dimensional grid into a two-dimensional representation and evaluate the occupancy of each cell in the resulting grid based on the height direction occupancy. Furthermore, we employ noise removal techniques to enhance the quality of the data. Finally, we utilize the DBSCAN algorithm, which incorporates an adaptive radius and eight-neighbor cells clustering algorithm, to perform obstacle clustering operations. Comparing our proposed method with the traditional DBSCAN algorithm, we observed that our method achieved a 7.6% increase in detection accuracy, while reducing calculation time by 16.2%.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lightweight YOLOv8 Networks for Driver Profile Face Drowsiness Detection 用于驾驶员面部瞌睡检测的轻量级 YOLOv8 网络

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00103-w

Meng Zhang, Fumin Zhang

{"title":"Lightweight YOLOv8 Networks for Driver Profile Face Drowsiness Detection","authors":"Meng Zhang, Fumin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00103-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00103-w","url":null,"abstract":"Vision-based driver monitoring, a non-invasive method designed to identify potentially dangerous operations, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, a head pitch angle detection method was established to evaluate the driver’s drowsiness. Rather than employing the front facial landmarks to estimate head pitch angle, the proposed method measure this angel directly from driver’s profile face. To meet the requirement of real-time detection, the method applies the YOLOv8 network of single-stage detection and utilizes MobileNetV3 and FasterNet for lightweight improvement. The detector is trained with re-labeled CFP datasets, and real-time speed tests have been performed. Results demonstrate that the non-improved detector can achieve an mAP50 of 97.3% of the keypoints in a single frame, meanwhile realizing the frame rate of 30.41 FPS. After improvement, parameters of the model have been reduced by 21.3% and 40.9% respectively, while the frame rate can be increased to 37.13 FPS and 52.70 FPS, and the mAP50 of keypoints is increased by 0.41% and 0.51%. The results during the in-car experiment have proved that the developed detection method can effectively evaluate the head pitch angle, thus detect the driver’s drowsiness. We provide open-access to the annotated data and pre-trained models in this study.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0