International Journal of Automotive Technology最新文献

Testbed and Analysis of Highway Cut-In Scenarios for Evaluating the AEB and FCW Functions 用于评估 AEB 和 FCW 功能的高速公路切入场景试验台和分析

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00146-z

Myungyeun Park, Daehwan Kim, YunSik Shin, Jayil Jeong

{"title":"Testbed and Analysis of Highway Cut-In Scenarios for Evaluating the AEB and FCW Functions","authors":"Myungyeun Park, Daehwan Kim, YunSik Shin, Jayil Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00146-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00146-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide a detailed evaluation and comparison of the performance of forward collision warning (FCW) and automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems in lane-changing scenarios, focusing on their detection range and detection angles. Real-world tests were conducted with a Tesla Model 3 and a KIA K8 to assess their detection capabilities. The experiments simulated common highway lane-changing scenarios, referencing Euro NCAP standards. Testing environments included a full-size target robot and a guided vehicle target to ensure accuracy. Preliminary tests established the test speed range and relative distances, while main tests focused on three key variables: time-to-collision (TTC) for FCW activation, TTC for AEB activation, and relative lateral positions of the target and test vehicles. The study also analyzed collisions despite FCW and AEB activation, identifying system limitations by examining deviations in TTC values and their correlation with collisions. These findings provide insights into the effectiveness and reliability of FCW and AEB systems under various conditions, aiding the advancement of ADAS technologies.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction Models of Overall Thermal Sensation and Comfort in Vehicle Cabin Based on Field Experiments 基于现场实验的车内整体热感和舒适度预测模型

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00147-y

Xin Xu, Lanping Zhao, Zhigang Yang

{"title":"Prediction Models of Overall Thermal Sensation and Comfort in Vehicle Cabin Based on Field Experiments","authors":"Xin Xu, Lanping Zhao, Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00147-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00147-y","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle thermal comfort has received more attention due to advancements in autonomous driving and intelligent cabin technology. Prediction of thermal comfort is challenging due to the passenger compartment's complex transient non-uniform thermal environment. Many thermal comfort models are primarily based on environmental or human thermal physiology factors, but too many temperature measurements may affect driving behavior. This study analyzed the correlations between local thermal sensation (LTS), local thermal comfort (LTC), the thermal environment in an automobile's cabin, and skin temperature. The optimal combination of influencing factors was established in the prediction model of overall thermal sensation (OTS) and overall thermal comfort (OTC) in the vehicle cabin. The results indicated that breathing air and chest skin surface temperature had the best correlation with subjective human evaluation. The prediction models of OTS and OTC have good prediction performance, and their R2 values are 0.77 and 0.51, respectively. Accurately predicting the thermal comfort in the vehicle provides a valuable reference for intelligent cabin thermal environment control and automobile energy savings.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis of Flat Wire Motor 扁线电机的多物理场耦合分析

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00155-y

Yecui Yan, Chenyang Mao, Lin Chen

{"title":"Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis of Flat Wire Motor","authors":"Yecui Yan, Chenyang Mao, Lin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00155-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00155-y","url":null,"abstract":"To further improve the accuracy of the complex multi-physics coupling system of flat wire motors, this paper presents an improved multi-physics field modeling method, which conducts a relatively comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic(EM), temperature, flow and stress field. And the multi-field coupling global model is simplified based on the analysis of two-field coupling relationships. First, each two-field coupling sub-model of four key physical fields is analyzed by bidirectional coupling and the weak coupling way is ignored. Secondly, based on the analysis results of the two-field coupling sub-model, the coupling relationship between electromagnetic field, temperature field and flow field is simplified and the global coupling model of electromagnetic field, temperature field and flow field inside the motor is established. Finally, because the stress field of the motor rotor is unidirectional influced by the temperature field, the rotor strength of the high-speed motor is analyzed based on temperature field to stress field coupling. Compared with the calculation results of EM and temperature two-field coupling, the accuracy of electromagnetic torque under multi-field coupling is increased by 4.4%, the calculation accuracy of electromagnetic loss is also increased by 2.1%. And the calculation accuracy of the motor temperature field is increased by 4.5%.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Various Bore–Stroke Ratios on Hydrogen Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines With Variable Valve Timing Under Low-Load Conditions 低负荷条件下各种缸径-冲程比对可变气门正时氢气直喷火花点火发动机的影响

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00142-3

Ki Yeon Kim, Seung-il Lee, Seung Hyun Lee, Seung Jae Kim, Kyoung Doug Min, Jeong Woo Lee

{"title":"Effects of Various Bore–Stroke Ratios on Hydrogen Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines With Variable Valve Timing Under Low-Load Conditions","authors":"Ki Yeon Kim, Seung-il Lee, Seung Hyun Lee, Seung Jae Kim, Kyoung Doug Min, Jeong Woo Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00142-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00142-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of various bore–stroke (S/B) ratios on the combustion characteristics, energy fractions, and performance of a hydrogen direct injection spark ignition engine equipped with a variable valve timing (VVT) system under low-load conditions. The experiments were conducted at S/B ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.47 while maintaining a fixed displacement volume and compression ratio. The energy budget analysis focused on heat transfer loss, combustion loss, and exhaust loss to determine their effects on gross work. The results showed that as the S/B ratio increased, heat transfer loss increased due to enhanced piston speed and in-cylinder mixing, resulting in faster combustion. Combustion loss was highest at an S/B ratio 1.0 due to longer combustion duration. In contrast, exhaust loss did not show a clear trend with varying S/B ratios. The effects of fuel injection timing and excess air ratio on engine performance and emissions were investigated. The findings of this study suggest that optimizing the S/B ratio, fuel injection timing, and excess air ratio can significantly improve the thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of hydrogen engines, providing practical insights for the design and development of future hydrogen engine technologies.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Driving Decision-Making Methodology Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Automated Commercial Vehicles 基于深度强化学习的综合驾驶决策方法，适用于自动驾驶商用车辆

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00135-2

Weiming Hu, Xu Li, Jinchao Hu, Yan Liu, Jinying Zhou

{"title":"A Comprehensive Driving Decision-Making Methodology Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Automated Commercial Vehicles","authors":"Weiming Hu, Xu Li, Jinchao Hu, Yan Liu, Jinying Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00135-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00135-2","url":null,"abstract":"Effective driving decision-making significantly enhances the safety of automated commercial vehicles. Different from small passenger vehicles mainly focusing on anti-collision, the inducements of collision and rollover for commercial vehicles are coupled with each other. However, these factors are not considered together which results in a limitation in the safety performance. This paper proposes a novel comprehensive driving decision-making methodology based on deep reinforcement learning (CDDM-DRL) for automated commercial vehicles in expressway scenarios. The CDDM-DRL consists of two parts. First, a feature encoding network is designed to encode hierarchical features from traffic situations and driving conditions, which can provide more useful feature information. Then an actor–critic network incorporating ensemble methods is developed to learn and provide effective driving actions, such as whether to turn and when to turn. Finally, extensive simulations in common and challenging scenarios with different traffic densities were performed. Experimental results show that our proposed method is better than some classical DRL methods in terms of time headway, backward clearance, lateral acceleration, etc. Moreover, it can prevent collision and rollover simultaneously, and realize safe driving decision-making for automated commercial vehicles.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D Printed Metamaterials for Energy Absorption in Motorsport Applications 用于赛车运动能量吸收的 3D 打印超材料

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00136-1

Rachel Tilley, David Holmes, Edmund Pickering, Maria Woodruff

{"title":"3D Printed Metamaterials for Energy Absorption in Motorsport Applications","authors":"Rachel Tilley, David Holmes, Edmund Pickering, Maria Woodruff","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00136-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00136-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, various 3D printed metamaterials are investigated for application in energy absorbing structures in motorsports. Impact attenuating structures are used to decelerate vehicles and protect drivers in the event of a crash. Additive manufacturing enables complex plastic structures which can facilitate improved angular resistance and reduced weight and cost compared with traditional approaches. Metamaterials were 3D printed from PLA using commercially available equipment and include gyroid structures, a novel reinforced gyroid design and a lattice designed using finite-element analysis-based topology optimization. Compression testing was used to measure stress–strain response, compressive modulus, and energy absorption. This demonstrated gyroids and reinforced gyroids have ideal compressive behavior for high energy absorption under impact. The topology optimized metamaterial was found unsuitable for this application due to its high stiffness, revealing a weakness in traditional topology optimization approaches which are not catered to maximize energy absorption. The reinforced gyroid demonstrated the highest specific energy absorption and was used to manufacture an impact attenuator which demonstrated the potential to safely stop a hypothetical 300 kg vehicle crash. This work supports that gyroid-based structures can reduce weight, volume and cost over current materials in all motorsport categories, with improved safety from oblique crashes.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parking Assistance System Control Using a Disturbance Observer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles 利用干扰观测器控制混合动力电动汽车的泊车辅助系统

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00133-4

Jinkyeom Cho, Byeonghee Yang, Joonyoung Park, Sungdeok Kim, Hyeongcheol Lee

引用次数: 0

Local Reinforcement of a Fuel Cell End Plate for Package Improvements Using Steel–Aluminium Hybrid-Casting Technology 利用钢铝混合铸造技术局部加固燃料电池端板以改进封装

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00129-0

Florian Mielke, Sharath Christy Anand, Xiangfan Fang

{"title":"Local Reinforcement of a Fuel Cell End Plate for Package Improvements Using Steel–Aluminium Hybrid-Casting Technology","authors":"Florian Mielke, Sharath Christy Anand, Xiangfan Fang","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00129-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00129-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, a method for integrating a local reinforcement structure in a medium-pressure plate (MPP) for fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) applications was developed using steel–aluminium hybrid-casting technology. Using this technology, it is possible to create a bonded enclosure of a steel reinforcement patch with the cast aluminium pressure plate to increase its stiffness and achieve 15% package space savings. A load-compliant, manufacturable patch was chosen and optimised for maximum stiffness gains using non-linear static finite-element (FE) calculations. Special form and process requirements due to hybrid-casting technology were examined and secured with casting simulations. The reinforcement patch was manufactured and coated with a unique aluminium–silicon coating enabling a ductile material connection between the steel and aluminium, and casting trials were conducted to create prototypes. Additionally, the insulating plastic layer on top of the metallic pressure plate carrier was substituted from costly short-fibre-reinforced high-performance plastic to cheaper and stiffer glass-mat reinforced thermoplastic material. Finally, the new hybrid MPP was tested mechanically, and the FE-Model was verified. In summary, through the package gain, 2.1 kW more power output and 11% less weight could be achieved while remaining stiffness neutral.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust Fuzzy Quasi-SMC-Based Steering Control of Autonomous Vehicle Subject to Parametric Uncertainties and Disturbances 受参数不确定性和干扰影响的基于模糊准 SMC 的自主车辆稳健转向控制

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00123-6

Raghavendra M. Shet, Girish V. Lakhekar, Nalini C. Iyer, Sandeep D. Hanwate

{"title":"Robust Fuzzy Quasi-SMC-Based Steering Control of Autonomous Vehicle Subject to Parametric Uncertainties and Disturbances","authors":"Raghavendra M. Shet, Girish V. Lakhekar, Nalini C. Iyer, Sandeep D. Hanwate","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00123-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00123-6","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new formulation for a robust trajectory tracking control law of an autonomous vehicle. Autonomous vehicle navigation highly relies on reliable, robust, and dependable steering mechanism, even under challenging conditions and circumstances. The controller design is based on the higher order quasi-sliding mode control (QSMC) algorithm that provides smooth motion control subjected to steering saturation and curvature constraints. In addition, an adaptive single input fuzzy logic control based on Lyapunov stability theorem is incorporated, which relies on the online estimation of perturbations rather than relying on the requirement of a priori knowledge of the upper bounds of the perturbation. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme exhibits a strong robustness toward the effect of uncertainties like parametric, tire cornering stiffness, surface bonding coefficient, and exogenous noises and disturbances. In addition to that, fuzzy control term offers a fast path-tracking error convergence toward equilibrium condition and reduced steady-state error. The overall control scheme through Lyapunov theory ensures the global asymptotic stability of the autonomous vehicle. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through numerical simulations MATLAB/SIMULINK platform for linear and nonlinear scenarios. Later, experimental validation is conducted over dSPACE SCALEXIO hardware-in-loop (HIL) platform for trajectory tracking along with the input constraints subjected to parametric uncertainties and disturbances.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Composite Material Application Forecast in Light of Future Mobility Trends 未来交通趋势下的复合材料应用预测

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

International Journal of Automotive Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12239-024-00131-6

Manseok Yoon

{"title":"Composite Material Application Forecast in Light of Future Mobility Trends","authors":"Manseok Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s12239-024-00131-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-024-00131-6","url":null,"abstract":"Trends in the automotive industry are changing rapidly due to environmental factors, including climate change-induced exhaust gas regulations, urban traffic congestion, and the merging of communication and mobility technologies. As a result, new technologies such as electrification, autonomous driving, and mobility as a service (MaaS) are emerging, leading to the development of various types of mobility solutions, including battery electric and hydrogen vehicles, advanced air mobility (AAM), and purpose built vehicle (PBV). In response to these developments, research on a wide range of lightweight materials is being conducted to meet the requirements of these various modes of transportation. Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is the most effective lightweight material for weight reduction; however, its high cost limits its application. To overcome this limitation, one solution is to produce composite materials using lower cost alternative materials and mass production processes. Another approach is to develop lightweight composite materials that offer additional advantages. Nevertheless, in mobility modes such as AAM, weight reduction is far more critical than cost sensitivity, indicating a potential increase in composite part application in this field.","PeriodicalId":50338,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0