International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields最新文献

{"title":"High-Precision Transient Electrothermal Co-Simulation Framework: Coupling of BSIM-CMG and High-Order Thermal Network","authors":"Ziping Wang,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Yabin Sun,&nbsp;Yanling Shi,&nbsp;Xiaojin Li","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aggressively scaled devices with high power density wrapped around the low thermal conductivity material in narrow space are susceptible to severe self-heating effect (SHE), especially gate-all-around FETs (GAAFETs). Conventional BSIM-CMG compact model—relying on first-order thermal RC networks—severely underestimates high-frequency transient SHE impacts. In this paper, a transient electrothermal co-simulation framework coupled BSIM-CMG with a high-order thermal RC network is developed to accurately capture self-heated temperature prediction. Self-heating temperature rise is calculated through a high-order thermal network in which each RC component represents a discrete thermal dissipation path corresponding to one specific thermal region. The high-order thermal network substitution is accomplished via an HDL module that redefines power generation and dissipation computations at each thermal node, followed by the integration into the BSIM-CMG model for enabling comprehensive and precise transient thermal evaluation in device-circuit level. In contrast to the conventional methods, the proposed framework can more effectively replicate the phenomenon of multiple thermal time constants present in transient temperature responses of GAAFETs. Its simulation results exhibit better consistency with the TCAD, with an error of less than 2% at a given frequency of 200 MHz. Moreover, the proposed framework is further validated by the electrothermal co-simulation of ring oscillators and differential amplifier.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Regular to Irregular: Enhancing Hairpin Filter Design With NSGA-II Optimization","authors":"Jiayu Chen,&nbsp;Junchao Wang,&nbsp;Junjie Sheng,&nbsp;Yifan Wu,&nbsp;Yaqi Wang,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs) are pivotal in modern wireless communication systems, demanding advanced design methodologies to meet escalating performance requirements. This paper introduces a novel framework for the automated design of irregular hairpin filters, utilizing the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) for multi-objective optimization. We propose two irregular design methodologies: random displacement and spline-based design, to enhance filter performance while ensuring manufacturability. The random displacement method incorporates obtuse angle detection to address fabrication challenges, while the spline-based approach achieves smoother transitions and faster convergence. Compared to conventional rule-based designs, both methods demonstrate significant improvements in return loss, insertion loss, and bandwidth. The random displacement method achieves a relative bandwidth of 21.74%, and the spline-based design achieves 20.25%, outperforming traditional approaches. These results underscore the potential of irregular design methodologies in advancing RFIC performance and manufacturability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of a Nonlinear Time-Fractional Moving Boundary Model of Solvent Diffusion in a Spherical Glassy Polymer","authors":"Morteza Garshasbi,&nbsp;Forough Sanaei,&nbsp;Reza Sanaei","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a mathematical model that describes the anomalous diffusion of a solvent in a spherical glassy polymer is studied. To solve this mathematical problem, which includes the time-fractional diffusion equation with an inconstant diffusion coefficient and a nonlinear boundary condition, an iterative method based on the implicit finite difference method is presented. We prove the stability and convergence of the proposed numerical scheme. To show the capability and efficiency of the numerical method, the results obtained for different parameters with constant and inconstant diffusion coefficients are presented.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Temperature Dependence of the Capacitance of NiO/Ga2O3 Heterojunction Diodes Using Analytical and PSO Modelling","authors":"Yasmine Senouci,&nbsp;Nouredine Sengouga,&nbsp;Elyes Garoudja,&nbsp;Madani Labed,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Almalki,&nbsp;Mohamed Henini,&nbsp;Yuan Qin,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NiO/Ga₂O₃ heterojunctions are of significant interest due to their potential applications in power electronics and optoelectronics. Accurate extraction of capacitance-voltage (C-V) parameters is crucial for understanding their electrical characteristics and fundamental physical phenomena involved. In this context, this work investigates the temperature-dependent C-V characteristics of NiO/Ga₂O₃ heterojunction diodes (HJDs) before and after thermal annealing. The voltage barrier (V_B) and the effective doping density (N_eff) are extracted from these characteristics using the familiar analytical modeling (CAM) as well as an artificial intelligence (AI) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. N_eff showed a decrease with increasing temperature, which is unusual behavior and is related to deep defects in Ga₂O₃. Traps revealed by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace-DLTS (LDLTS) measurements were exploited to perform simulation using SCAPS. First, an ideal NiO/Ga₂O₃ HJD is considered, and then the defects of the fresh and annealed samples are considered. The results confirmed the influence of traps and exhibited consistent behavior with the observed pattern. The band diagram evolution with temperature has provided further insight into this phenomenon. Furthermore, PSO results were compared with those of CAM and demonstrated that the PSO algorithm offers superior accuracy in parameter extraction, as evidenced by lower root mean square error (RMSE) values, reaching a minimum of 4.65 × 10⁻¹³. This approach provides a better method for evaluating the extracted parameters from the C-V characteristics of Ga₂O₃-based heterojunction devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Islanding Detection Technique Based on Active Current Injection and ROCTHD for Multi-DER Based Microgrid","authors":"Tanu Prasad,&nbsp;Prashant Agnihotri,&nbsp;Shailendra Kumar,&nbsp;Sivaramarao Bodda","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In multi-distributed energy resource (DER) based microgrids, accurate islanding detection is critical to ensure personnel safety, equipment protection, and overall system stability. However, existing methods often struggle to reliably detect islanding under non-detection zone (NDZ) conditions and may suffer from false detections during non-islanding events (NIEs) such as load or capacitor switching. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel hybrid islanding detection technique combining passive and active approaches. The passive component utilizes the rate of change of total harmonic distortion (ROCTHD) to monitor voltage and current signals for islanding detection across various load conditions, including NDZ scenarios. However, to mitigate the possibility of false positives where NIEs are misclassified as islanding events (IEs) the method integrates an active current injection mechanism. This active component is triggered only when the passive method indicates a potential IE, thereby confirming the condition with minimal system disturbance. The proposed hybrid method is implemented in a multi-DER (MDER) test system modeled in MATLAB Simulink and validated using a real-time simulator (OP4510). The results demonstrate that the technique offers fast and more reliable islanding detection compared to traditional methods, with high accuracy under a wide range of operating conditions and negligible disruption during non-IEs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Linearized Finite Difference Scheme for Two-Dimensional Time-Fractional Pseudo-Parabolic Equation on Variable Time Steps","authors":"Fereshteh Sadollalkhani,&nbsp;Sedigheh Toubaei,&nbsp;Mehdi Jalalvand,&nbsp;Mohammad Nabati","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents an efficient approach for solving a two-dimensional time-fractional pseudo-parabolic equation using a linearized finite difference scheme on variable time steps. The equation incorporates fractional derivatives in temporal dimensions to accurately model anomalous diffusion and memory effects in diverse physical phenomena. The study focuses on the challenges associated with solving multidimensional nonlinear time-fractional pseudo-parabolic equations, emphasizing the need for advanced numerical techniques to overcome computational complexities. Considering the localized characteristics of the fractional derivative and the memory property of fractional differential equations, the proposed method offers an efficient and accurate solution strategy tailored for time-fractional pseudo-parabolic equations. Building on previous research on nonuniform finite difference schemes for time-fractional diffusion problems, this study highlights the effectiveness of nonuniform time-stepping methods in achieving higher convergence orders in discretization schemes. The results demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach in accurately capturing the dynamics of complex transport processes in various physical systems. We rigorously prove that the proposed method has a convergence rate of order <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Oleft({N}^{-2}+{h}_{x_1}^2+{h}_{x_2}^2right) $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. In addition, several numerical simulations are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. The numerical results confirm the theoretical analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Four De-Embedding Methods With Application to GaN HEMT Devices Characterization","authors":"Jing Bai,&nbsp;Ao Zhang,&nbsp;Yibang Wang,&nbsp;Aihua Wu,&nbsp;Jianjun Gao","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to describe the RF behavior of active devices, accurate on-wafer characterization is essential. In this paper, four de-embedding methods are compared and their impacts on a gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) are investigated. The <i>S</i>-parameters of the passive test structures are obtained using a 3-D electromagnetic (EM) simulator. On this basis, small-signal equivalent circuit models are established to compare the effects of these four de-embedding methods in the frequency range of 1 to 50 GHz. In addition, the influence on the calculation of the cutoff frequency <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 <mi>T</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {f}_T $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and the maximum oscillation frequency <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 <mi>max</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {f}_{mathrm{max}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is also investigated. Subsequently, corresponding nonlinear models are established. The results indicate that these de-embedding methods affect the model parameters, but their effect on the simulation results of the device models is relatively minor.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Unified Simulation Framework for Structured Light 3D Measurement","authors":"Junwei Hu,&nbsp;Songping Mai,&nbsp;Yucheng Jiang,&nbsp;Yongliang Ye","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a MATLAB-based simulation framework for structured light 3D measurement, designed to model complex scenarios and support algorithm evaluation and dataset generation. While structured light methods are widely used for 3D acquisition, existing simulation tools are limited to specific hardware or narrow use cases, restricting their utility. Our work addresses this gap by introducing (1) a unified abstract model that modularizes and encapsulates heterogeneous system components, balancing flexibility with consistent behavioral implementation, and (2) an open-architecture framework centered on a task-scheduling arbitrator, enabling scalable and evolvable simulations. The framework's design prioritizes practical extensibility, offering developers a reusable “how-to” model for building customizable simulations. We detail its implementation challenges and solutions, demonstrating how our approach reduces development overhead while accommodating diverse measurement scenarios. By enabling large-scale synthetic data generation and performance testing, the tool benefits both traditional algorithm designers and data-driven 3D vision pipelines. This work contributes a reusable software foundation for the 3D measurement community, with insights applicable to other simulation-driven domains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Transmission Mechanism of HIV/TB Co-Infection Using Fractional Framework With Optimal Control","authors":"A. Saranya Devi,&nbsp;Parvaiz Ahmad Naik,&nbsp;Salah Boulaaras,&nbsp;Ndolane Sene,&nbsp;Zhengxin Huang","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides an in-depth analysis of HIV and TB coinfection through a mathematical framework based on nonlinear fractional differential equations in the Caputo sense. We perform stability analysis of the equilibrium points using fractional techniques and utilize sensitivity analysis to determine the key parameters that influence disease transmission and control. The findings highlight the importance of controlling transmission rates to effectively reduce the burden of coinfection. The dynamics of both single and coinfection are examined via a fractional optimal control approach. We introduce and evaluate three control strategies aimed at decreasing infection levels, demonstrating the potential to achieve near-elimination. Comparing fractional and traditional models, we identify critical pathways for effective coinfection management. Our results provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop targeted interventions to lessen the impact of HIV and TB in affected communities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conformal Multi-Wideband Ultra-Compact Four-Port MIMO Antenna With DGS for Enhanced Diversity in IoT and Bio-Medical Wearable Applications","authors":"Lovish Matta,&nbsp;Manish Sharma,&nbsp;Rana Gill,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/jnm.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, a compact quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) broadband access wireless systems antenna on Rogers RTDuroid5880 with a dimension of 20 × 24 × 0.0254 mm³ giving impedance bandwidth spanning from 5.3 to 51.64 GHz is proposed. It is designed to cover a variety of frequency bands, including the Wireless LANs Band (5.725–5.85 GHz), X-band (8.00–12.0 GHz), Ku-band (12.0–18.0 GHz), K-band (18.0–27.0 GHz) and Ka-band (27.0–40.0 GHz) and specific frequency bands like FR2: n257 (26.50–29.50 GHz), n258 (24.25–27.50 GHz), n259 (39.5–43.5 GHz), n260 (37–40 GHz), n261 (27.50–28.35 GHz) and n262 (47 GHz). The partial ground is etched with a circular form patch to provide impedance matching, and the radiating patch has two circular shape slots with a dual ellipse formed by a star-shaped slit. Verifying this antenna's conformal capacity demonstrates that it is suitable for single-port, dual-port, and the suggested four-port antenna configurations, appropriate for a variety of applications. The reliable reception of transmitted signals in far-field areas is confirmed by time-domain analysis. Moreover, the antenna exhibits excellent diversity performance, as indicated by parameters like ECC_WMB, DG_WMB, TARC_WMB, and CCL_WMB, all of which meet or surpass permissible standard values. It achieves a maximum peak gain of 7.17 dBi and maintains stable 2D radiation patterns in principal planes. An important consideration for safety, the Specific-Absorption-Rate (SAR) analysis, is conducted at various operating frequencies within the Microwave-Millimeter wave bands. The results indicate that the SAR remains below the limit of 1.60 W/Kg in human phantom tissue. This establishes its suitability for on-body wireless applications, where minimizing SAR is a critical safety concern and can be deployed in mm-Wave infrastructure. The proposed compact bio-medical wearable antenna can also be utilized for receiving or transmitting signals in communication, IoT, and medical systems, thanks to its efficient and ultra-wideband characteristics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50300,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Numerical Modelling-Electronic Networks Devices and Fields","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}