Journal of Cytology最新文献

{"title":"Deep Learning in Cytopathology: The Potential for Multimodal Synergy of Clinical and Cytological Input Data.","authors":"Ka Tik Cheung, Yhon Lam, Joshua Li","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_14_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_14_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The art of cytopathology lies not only in the interpretation of the slide but also careful consideration of demographic, clinical, radiological, and other relevant information of individual patients. While deep image learning may perform well in specific cytology image sets or uncover novel, significant cytomorphologic parameters, the lack of clinical context puts prediction models at a dangerous position where irrelevant and potentially harmful diagnoses may be issued. The increment in prediction accuracy by expanding the size of image sets diminishes and plateaus after reaching certain thresholds. This can be overcome by introducing multimodal data to deep learning, which has seen success in resection and small biopsy specimens from histopathological specimens and early adoption in cytopathology. In this study, a qualitative review on the current state of the potential sources of multimodal input-demographics, clinical investigations, and radiology; the diagnostic data that can be obtained in a cytology specimen-stains and preparations, immunocytochemistry, and molecular testing will be discussed with reference to the potential of multimodal deep learning in cytopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis: A Cytological Perspective.","authors":"Anuj Chachra, Prajwala Gupta, Desh Deepak, Tanvi Jha","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_101_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_101_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders requiring a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a minimally invasive procedure that provides cellular insights into lung pathology. This study evaluates the role of BAL cytology in ILD cases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This observational study was conducted at a tertiary care health care center, from April 2023 to June 2024. A total of 100 ILD patients were enrolled, out of which 31 patients who required multidisciplinary diagnosis (MDD) for a final diagnosis of ILD were included. BAL fluid was processed using cytocentrifugation and stained with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains, and differential cell count patterns (cellular analysis) were assessed in 400 cells. In cases of sarcoidosis, endobronchial biopsy was performed in five cases, and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed in nine cases. The MDD approach incorporated clinical features, high-resolution computed tomography, biochemical, microbiological, biopsy, and cytology findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 41.2 ± 12.2 years, with a female predominance (74.2%). The distribution of ILD subtypes included sarcoidosis (45.2%), connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) (25.8%) idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (6.5%), and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) (22.6%). BAL cellular analysis showed lymphocytosis in sarcoidosis (41.8%) and chronic HP (56.7%) with neutrophilia (mean value >20%). The CTD-ILD cellular pattern is similar to that of sarcoidosis. BAL findings corroborated with the final diagnoses in cases with multiple differentials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BAL cellular analysis is a valuable tool in the MDD approach to ILD diagnosis. The presence of lymphocytosis in BAL commensurates with sarcoidosis and chronic HP diagnosis. The presence of concurrent neutrophilia in such cases may not necessarily be considered in lines of an infective etiology or acute exacerbation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Cytomorphological Analysis of Papillary Neoplasms of the Breast.","authors":"Vaanya Kaushik, Shreya Garg, Chethana Babu K Udupa, Mary Mathew, Ranjini Kudva, Brij Mohan Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_49_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_49_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Papillary lesions of the breast represent a diverse group of neoplasms with varying biological behavior, ranging from benign to malignant. Accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate clinical management. This study aims to analyze the cytopathological features of papillary breast lesions to improve diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed on cases of papillary neoplasm of the breast diagnosed on cytology followed by histopathology during the study period, after procuring institutional ethical committee clearance. The clinical, pathologic, and follow-up details were retrieved from the hospital records and the pathology database and were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified distinct benign and malignant papillary lesions, including intraductal papilloma, papillary ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i>, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, and solid papillary carcinoma. The mean age of the study participants was 51.15 years. Benign neoplasms showed cohesive clusters and a clear background on cytology, while cases with atypical or malignant features demonstrated loss of myoepithelial cells, non-cohesive clusters, and necrotic/dirty background.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Papillary breast lesions encompass a wide spectrum of pathology, necessitating precise cytologic and histopathologic evaluation. The presence or absence of myoepithelial markers aids in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Identification of cytologic features of benign and malignant neoplasms can improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance patient management, and ensure timely intervention for malignant cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Cytology and Cell Block with Immunohistochemistry in Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis in Gynecological Malignancies.","authors":"Damleen Kaur, Uma Handa, Phiza Aggarwal, Poonam Goel","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_71_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_71_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peritoneal washing (PW) cytology has become a widely accepted procedure for staging of gynecological malignancies.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare conventional cytology, liquid-based cytology (LBC) and cell block in the evaluation of PWs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 50 clinically suspected cases of gynecological malignancies were enrolled, which included 41 ovarian neoplasms, eight uterine, and one case of cervical malignancy. The age of the women ranged from 13 to 74 years. The PW samples obtained in all cases were subjected to conventional cytology, LBC, and cell block preparations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied on cell blocks and analyzed. A comparative evaluation and statistical correlation between the three techniques was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of cases reported as positive for malignancy on conventional smear and LBC were 9 (18%) and 11 (22%), respectively. Fifteen (30%) cases were reported as positive for malignancy on cell block after IHC analysis. All three cytological techniques showed a good correlation in diagnosing peritoneal metastasis on evaluation by Cohen's kappa score (≤ 1.00). However, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of PW cytology was 43.8%, 94.4%, and 62%, respectively, taking histopathology as the gold standard. The most common malignancy which led to peritoneal fluid involvement was high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates the usefulness of combining the three cytological techniques to diagnose peritoneal metastasis in gynecological malignancies. Cell block with IHC can help in reducing the false-negative cases and further adds to objectivity in ambiguous cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Cytopathology in Diagnosing a Plethora of Fungal Infections.","authors":"Priya Suneja, Preeti Diwaker, Akanksha Agrawal, Karishma Ranjan, Sonal Sharma, Vinod K Arora, Jolly Rohatgi, Archana Singal","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_43_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_43_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple and reliable technique for diagnosing various inflammatory lesions. Some of these lesions are caused by fungal organisms, which are often missed clinically and thus remain untreated. Most of these infections require prompt diagnosis as they respond to early treatment, and delayed diagnosis may lead to unnecessary complications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the clinico-cytomorphological spectrum of fungal infections in a tertiary care center.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study and includes a total of 25 cases of various fungal infections diagnosed on FNAC over 5 years. Clinical details of these cases were retrieved from cytopathology records, and cytomorphological features were studied in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 25 cases were analyzed and included rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (15), histoplasmosis (1), cryptococcosis (1), phaeohyphomycosis (1), and aspergillosis (1), along with six cases broadly classified as fungal abscesses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAC is an efficient and unswerving tool, helpful in diagnosing a plethora of fungal infections, especially in clinically unsuspected cases, and thereby facilitates early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"43 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Chondroid Syringoma: A Diagnosis by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.","authors":"Deepika Rana, Meeta Singh, Jennifer Kimnuntluangi, Shabnam Singh, Pawan Lal","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_66_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_66_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"243-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: The Role of THADA-IGF2BP3 Fusions in Identifying Indolent Neoplasms.","authors":"Muskan Matia, Gargi Kapatia, Brijdeep Singh, Shruti Gupta, Shivani Sidana","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_151_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_151_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"246-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buccal Cytome Assay in Pesticide-exposed Farm Workers of the Haryana Region: A Biomarker of Cytogenotoxicity.","authors":"Srishti Arora, Shweta Rehani, Prabhakar Jeergal, Jahnvi Arora, Bireswar Roy, Vanshika Garg, Sneha Sethi","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_53_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_53_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agriculture is vital to India's economy, with farm workers playing a crucial role. Extensive pesticide use in farming raises concerns about its potential genotoxic effects on workers. Despite India's status as an agricultural hub, research focusing on these risks remains limited. This study aims to investigate the cytogenotoxic effects of pesticides on exfoliated buccal epithelial cells using the buccal cytome assay (BMCyt).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the cytogenotoxic effects of pesticides on farm workers' buccal epithelial cells and to inform healthcare strategies for this occupational hazard.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 128 male farm workers were divided into four groups (32 per group) based on pesticide exposure and compared with age-matched unexposed controls. Cytologic characteristics, including micronuclei (MN), karyorrhexis (KR), binucleation (BN), pyknosis (P), and karyolysis (KL), were evaluated in PAP-stained slides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean frequency of all nuclear anomalies was higher in the pesticide-exposed groups, with the highest observed in those exposed for over 18 years (MN: 9.28 ± 9.14, KR: 5.81 ± 7.18, KL: 15.68 ± 13.16, P: 0.71 ± 1.25, BN: 2.59 ± 2.07), followed by those with less than 18 years of exposure, while unexposed workers had the lowest anomalies. Significant intergroup and intra-group differences were found, highlighting the cumulative effects of prolonged pesticide exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study supports using micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies as screening tools for farm workers, advocating for periodic medical evaluations to protect their health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Review of Deep Learning Technique and Its Applications in Clinical Cytology.","authors":"Pranab Dey","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_136_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_136_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning (DL) is an emerging area of artificial intelligence and has the immense potential to reshape the field of cytology. In last few decades, there are many significant progresses in the digital pathology that includes significant increase of the computational power, data storing facilities, and whole slide imaging system. These changes have facilitated the applications of DL. DL can be used in cancer screening, disease identification and classification, predicting biomarkers, prognostic assessment, molecular data interpretation, and precision medicine. There are many obstacles to implement DL. Data collection, storage, security, computational power, and medico-legal issue are the major hurdles. The proper guidelines, finance, organization, and collaboration with multiple disciplines are needed to implement DL. Till date, the majority of the cytologists are not totally aware of the potential of DL. In this review, the overview of the DL system along with its potential clinical applications has been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the Preoperative Diagnosis of Jaw Aspirate.","authors":"Giri Prarthana, Veeran Veeravarmal, Sambanthan Thiruneelakandan, Ramdas Madhavan Nirmal, Mani Deepasree, Perumal Subramanian Kaaviya Tharsini","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_11_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/joc.joc_11_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intra-osseous lesions of oral and maxillofacial region are mostly cystic pathologies or solid tumors which undergo cystic changes. They are diagnostically challenging to clinician due to overlapping clinical and radiographic presentations. As a preliminary diagnostic tool, fine needle aspiration cytology is indicated for these lesions. Identifying the epithelial cells is mandatory in cystic aspirates to arrive at the preoperative diagnosis and treatment plan.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to detect the epithelial cells from a smear prepared before and after centrifugation of intra bony cystic aspirates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Aspirates from 15 clinically diagnosed oral cystic lesions were chosen. Totally four smears were prepared, two from non-centrifuged cystic fluid and the another two from centrifuged cystic fluid. They were stained with hematoxyline and eosin (H&E) and papanicolau (PAP) stains, the smears were assessed for the presence of epithelial cells. A comparison has been made to find out which technique and stain is appropriate for identifying epithelial cells and concordance between cytological and histopathological features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epithelial cells were identified in smears prepared with or without centrifugation. The smears prepared after centrifugation showed presence of epithelial cells in all 15 cases. The comparison for the presence of epithelial cells using Chi-square test with and without centrifugation in PAP and H&E smears were found to be significant (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). The concordance between cytological and histopathological diagnosis was 60%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The smear prepared after centrifugation of cystic fluid stained with PAP stain was more representative.</p>","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":"42 4","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12671846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}