Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献_第2页

Radioactive contaminant permeation through skin: Current understanding.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adc1da

Fernandes Clinton S A, Sureshkumar M K

{"title":"Radioactive contaminant permeation through skin: Current understanding.","authors":"Fernandes Clinton S A, Sureshkumar M K","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc1da","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/adc1da","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents our current understanding on the permeation of radiochemicals through intact or slightly damaged skin from studies on human volunteers, experimental animals and radiological accidents involving contamination. The typical fractional absorption through intact skin for aqueous plutonium-239 in dilute nitric acid is < 0.1%. Permeation of americium-241, cobalt-60, manganese-54 and promethium-147 is < 0.1% and cesium-137 and strontium-90 is < 1 % as dilute nitrate/chloride solution for several hours of contact with skin. Permeation up to 1-2% were found for Pu and Am through chemically injured skin and up to 10% when complexed with chelating agents such as DTPA. Iodine-125 as iodide and 99mTcO4- (technicium-99 as pertechnetate) showed permeation up to 60% through intact pig skin. The results for uranium compounds are widely varying and inconclusive, ranging from almost insignificant penetration to nearly 50% in one study. Noticeable differences were found for the permeation results obtained for the same substance through in vivo and in vitro methods, and using different skin models. The permeability of radiochemicals through human skin is in general lower than that of commonly used animal skin models such as rat, rabbit and pig. Stratum corneum is the principal barrier preventing the radionuclide entry and its damage rapidly enhances the permeation, in some cases from insignificant level for intact skin to more than fifty percentage transfer for damaged skin. Mechanisms of transfer of radiochemicals through skin are poorly understood but different characteristics of the contaminant species such as hydrophobicity, water solubility and ionic size were found to influence their transport across skin.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of radiation-related cancer risk against baseline cancer rates in 33 countries using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lifetime incidence risk and lifetime mortality risks.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adba6f

Jun Hirouchi, Ikuo Kujiraoka, Shogo Takahara, Momo Takada, Thierry Schneider, Michiaki Kai

{"title":"Comparison of radiation-related cancer risk against baseline cancer rates in 33 countries using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lifetime incidence risk and lifetime mortality risks.","authors":"Jun Hirouchi, Ikuo Kujiraoka, Shogo Takahara, Momo Takada, Thierry Schneider, Michiaki Kai","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adba6f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adba6f","url":null,"abstract":"A risk indicator that allows for the comparison of risks caused by different factors is highly useful for enhancing public understanding. The International Commission on Radiological Protection developed the concept of 'detriment' to quantify radiation-related health effects at low doses. However, the detriment is specific to the radiation field and cannot be simply compared with other risks. In this study, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), lifetime incidence risk, and lifetime mortality risk due to radiation exposure were compared among 33 countries. These risk indicators were calculated for all solid cancers, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukaemia. The values of risk indicators for all solid cancers differed by a factor of 1.5-2.0 for male and 1.2-1.5 for female among countries, with higher values observed in countries with a higher socio-demographic index. The ratios of radiation risk indicators to the baseline indicators (R/B ratios) were 10%-15% for male and 15%-25% for female under chronic exposure to 20 mSv yr-1radiation from the age of 18 to 64 years, and 1.0%-1.5% for male and 1.5%-2.5% for female under chronic exposure to 1 mSv yr-1radiation over a lifetime. In particular, the R/B ratios under chronic exposure to 1 mSv yr-1radiation were smaller than the variation in the baseline risk indicators across countries. The impact of different countries and stages of disability weight of DALYs was small. Note that estimates of DALYs for less lethal thyroid cancers were subject to greater uncertainty. This study indicated that DALYs should be noted as an alternative indicator to the radiation detriments when discussing the tolerability of radiation and communicating with the society.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of tetrahedral mesh phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adaecd

Haowei Zhang, Tiangui Zhang, Xiaole Li, Ying Liu, Li Sun

引用次数: 0

Effects of different accident scenarios and sites on the reduction factor used for expressing sheltering effectiveness.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adba6e

Jun Hirouchi, Masatoshi Watanabe, Naho Hayashi, Azusa Nagakubo, Shogo Takahara

{"title":"Effects of different accident scenarios and sites on the reduction factor used for expressing sheltering effectiveness.","authors":"Jun Hirouchi, Masatoshi Watanabe, Naho Hayashi, Azusa Nagakubo, Shogo Takahara","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adba6e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adba6e","url":null,"abstract":"Public living in areas contaminated by nuclear accidents is exposed to radiation in the early phase and over the long term. Even under similar accident scenarios, radiation doses and sheltering effectiveness, which is one of the protective measures, depend on meteorological conditions and the surrounding environment. Radiation doses and sheltering effectiveness in the early phase of nuclear accidents are crucial information for the public as well as national and local governments planning a nuclear emergency preparedness. In this study, we assessed radiation doses and sheltering effectiveness at sites with nuclear facilities in Japan using the Off-Site Consequence Analysis code for Atmospheric Release accidents, which is one of the level-3 probabilistic risk assessment codes, for five accident scenarios: three scenarios from past severe accident studies, a scenario defined by the Nuclear Regulation Authority in Japan, and a scenario corresponding to the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. The sheltering effectiveness differed by up to approximately 50% among the accident scenarios at the same sites and by approximately 20%-50% among sites under the same accident scenario. Differences in the radionuclide composition among the accident scenarios and the differences in wind speeds among the sites primarily caused these differences in sheltering effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic inflammation in a radium dial painter cohort: elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and radiation-induced hearing loss. 慢性炎症在镭表盘画家队列：中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率升高和辐射引起的听力损失。

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adac69

R E Goans, L T Dauer, C J Iddins, M Mumma, S L McComish, S Y Tolmachev

{"title":"Chronic inflammation in a radium dial painter cohort: elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and radiation-induced hearing loss.","authors":"R E Goans, L T Dauer, C J Iddins, M Mumma, S L McComish, S Y Tolmachev","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adac69","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adac69","url":null,"abstract":"The radium dial painters (RDPs) are a well-described group of predominantly young women who incidentally ingested226Ra and228Ra as they painted luminescent watch dials in the first part of the twentieth century. In 1974 pathologist Dr William D. Sharpe published complete clinical and autopsy results for 42 former RDPs evaluated in the New Jersey Radium Research Project. This was an important paper due to the completeness of the observations. Surprisingly, in this study, clinicians noted a 35.5% incidence of hearing loss, both conductive and mixed etiologies. Since the 1974 publication, there has developed a considerable literature on radiation-induced hearing loss in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. It is expected that hearing loss would also be associated with systemic inflammation. Recently, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown in many cancer and non-cancer studies to be a nonspecific marker of inflammation. In prior collaborative efforts with the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries and with the NCRP Million Person Study, it has been possible to evaluate NLR from medical records of a cohort of 166 former RDPs previously evaluated at Argonne National Laboratory. In addition, NLR was available in historic medical records of the sarcoma and nasopharyngeal cancer patients described in Rowland's summary of the Argonne studies. Using elevation of the NLR as a non-specific marker of inflammation, chronic inflammation has been observed in all cohorts with significant dose. The RDP cohort has had a unique exposure to radium, but the incidence of radiation-induced hearing loss here is uncertain. Due to cosmic radiation dose to astronauts in space flight, there is a significant interest in high LET radiation dose to the brain, including the auditory system. This paper should be considered as hypothesis generating-that high LET radiation dose to the brain and auditory system may induce hearing loss.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma: the impact of chronic occupational radiation exposure on incidence and mortality of Mayak nuclear workers. 慢性支气管炎和支气管哮喘：长期职业辐照对马雅克核电工人发病率和死亡率的影响。

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad90ee

Galina V Zhuntova, Tamara V Azizova, Maria V Bannikova

{"title":"Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma: the impact of chronic occupational radiation exposure on incidence and mortality of Mayak nuclear workers.","authors":"Galina V Zhuntova, Tamara V Azizova, Maria V Bannikova","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad90ee","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad90ee","url":null,"abstract":"The information about the radiation risk of non-cancer respiratory diseases is inconsistent and mainly corresponds to mortality. Previously, the cohort of workers employed at the first Russian nuclear facility Mayak Production Association who were occupationally exposed to gamma rays (externally) and to alpha-active plutonium aerosols (internally) over prolonged periods demonstrated an increased risk of chronic bronchitis (CB) incidence. Within this retrospective cohort study, we performed analyses of incidence of and mortality from CB and bronchial asthma (BA) using improved estimates of radiation doses provided by the 'Mayak Worker Dosimetry System (MWDS)-2013'. The cohort included 22 377 individuals hired in 1948-1982, and its follow-up was extended by 10 years (to the end of 2018). The excess relative risk of CB incidence per unit of accumulated lung-absorbed radiation dose (ERR/Gy) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were: with the 0 year lag, ERR/Gy was 0.07 (95% CI -0.01, 0.17) for gamma exposure and 0.36 (95% CI 0.13, 0.68) for alpha exposure; with the 10 year lag, ERR/Gy was 0.15 (95% CI 0.04, 0.30) for gamma exposure and 0.54 (95% CI 0.19, 1.03) for alpha exposure. No strong evidence was found indicating that gamma and alpha exposure considerably impacted the risk of mortality from CB. The study confirmed the significant positive linear association of the CB incidence risk with gamma and alpha radiation doses from occupational chronic external and internal exposure. However, the estimates of ERR/Gy of alpha particles from internal exposure appeared to be almost three times lower than those based on the MWDS-2008 doses. The observed inconsistency requires further clarification. As for BA in Mayak workers, no association was demonstrated in the incidence and mortality risks with occupational gamma and alpha radiation exposure.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obituary for Professor Peter Cole.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adafb4

Peter A Bryant

引用次数: 0

What about the workers? An update.

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adae1a

Richard Wakeford

{"title":"What about the workers? An update.","authors":"Richard Wakeford","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adae1a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adae1a","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological studies of nuclear industry workers are of substantial importance to understanding the risk of cancer consequent to low-level exposure to radiation, and these studies should provide vital evidence for the construction of the international system of radiological protection. Recent studies involve large numbers of workers and include health outcomes for workers who accumulated moderate (and even high) doses over prolonged periods while employed during the earlier years of the nuclear industry. The interpretation of the findings of these recent studies has proved to be disappointingly difficult. There are puzzling patterns of results involving the period of first employment and monitoring for radionuclide intakes, depending on the particular study examined. Explaining these patterns is crucial for a reliable understanding of results in terms of occupational radiation exposure. In this paper, an updated review of nuclear worker studies is presented in the context of these patterns of results, making use of the latest relevant results. It is apparent that the strikingly raised risks for mortality from solid cancers for workers hired in later years reported from the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS) is effectively confined to workers at five nuclear facilities in the USA, and that the notable variation of risks in INWORKS between workers monitored or not for radionuclide intakes is driven by UK workers. These are the areas where effort must be concentrated before a confident derivation of radiation risk estimates can be obtained from these nuclear worker studies.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with radiation risk perception among Japanese university students. 日本大学生辐射风险认知的相关因素

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adac6a

Takumi Yamaguchi, Nobuhiko Yanagida, Naoyuki Yamamoto, Yuko Matsunari

{"title":"Factors associated with radiation risk perception among Japanese university students.","authors":"Takumi Yamaguchi, Nobuhiko Yanagida, Naoyuki Yamamoto, Yuko Matsunari","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adac6a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adac6a","url":null,"abstract":"After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, various information about radiation circulated throughout Japan, leading to diverse perceptions regarding the situation in Fukushima. These perceptions contributed to the social challenges faced by the residents of Fukushima at the time, including prejudice and discrimination. This heightened concern about radiation exposure, particularly among younger generations who were considering marriage or starting families. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the present status of radiation risk perception among university students in Japan and the factors associated with radiation risk perception among these students. A questionnaire survey was administered to university students throughout Japan. We collected demographic information as well as queried their perception of radiation risk (delayed health effects and genetic effects). The results showed that approximately 60% and 40% of respondents believed that delayed effects and genetic effects would occur among residents of Fukushima, respectively. Additionally, having a university major other than studying radiation techniques and living in western Japan were associated with these perceptions of risk. In the future, enhancing risk communication, especially among young populations in western Japan, is necessary to dispel anxiety about the risks from radiation exposure.","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Farr's physics for medical imaging (3rd edition).

IF 1.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Journal of Radiological Protection Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/adacf7

Fayzan Ahmed, Syed Shariqullah, Majid Iqbal, Ali Raza

引用次数: 0