Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Query-based prediction of 3D x-ray scatter fields in an interventional suite using a transformer model.","authors":"Niklas Rettig, Patrick Schülein, Yannick Bukschat, Marcus Vetter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ecf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ecf","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroscopy-guided interventions expose clinical staff to x-ray scatter radiation, motivating accurate three-dimensional scatter-field predictions for radiation protection planning. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provide reference accuracy but require minutes to hours of computation, while analytical models are faster but often lack spatial fidelity in complex geometries. We present a transformer-based model for scatter dosimetry in a single simulated interventional suite with fixed room geometry and object inventory, supporting near real-time inference on localised subvolumes and interactive runtimes for whole-room evaluation. We train a separate transformer-based model for each target quantity: air kerma per source photon, transported energy, and energy fluence per source photon. Each predictor encodes spectrum and technique parameters and represents room objects and their poses as a set of scene tokens. Predictions are obtained by coordinate-conditioned regression at queried voxel locations, so inference can be restricted to selected subvolumes and runtime scales with the number of queried voxels. The training set comprisessimulated configurations with varied C-arm poses, spectra, patient-table and patient phantom positions. On an independent test set ofconfigurations, the model achieves medianfor log-transformed targets and structural similarity around. In linear units, medianvalues arefor air kerma per source photon,for transported energy, andfor energy fluence. Full-room inference, reconstructing the effective grid of aboutmillion voxels, takeson an NVIDIA L40S GPU compared tofor MC simulation, yielding<i>a</i>speed-up. These results represent a step toward interactive, room-scale radiation protection planning, enabling rapid what-if analyses of staff positioning and procedure planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological protection, optimisation and regulatory reform.","authors":"Nicole E Martinez","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeaa60","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeaa60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The principle of optimisation of protection is a cornerstone of the system of radiological protection (RP). The practical implementation and interpretation of optimisation, particularly at low doses and dose rates, is a long-recognised challenge and has often been subject to robust and spirited debate. At present, we seem to have unprecedented interest and momentum for reflection on RP recommendations and standards, and with it the opportunity to collaboratively develop creative solutions to such challenges in support of a sustainable future. Potential solutions should be informed by science as well as a wide range of social and economic factors and be thoroughly and critically evaluated accordingly. In the United States (US), Executive Orders have led to relevant proposed rule changes from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), including one entitled 'Reforming and Modernizing the NRC's Radiation Protection Framework'. This paper argues that the proposal is rushed, imprecise and insufficient by highlighting a few illustrative examples of how the proposed rule change as written is inconsistent with international (e.g. International Commission on Radiological Protection) and national (e.g. US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements) recommendations and guidance. For example, the proposal claims that adherence to regulatory dose limits provides a sufficient level of protection and that beyond prescribed actions at certain thresholds, there is no need for further incorporation of the prevailing circumstances (i.e. no need to optimise protection) below these dose limits. National authorities of course have the purview to decide what is most appropriate and effective from a regulatory standpoint, but diverging from the broader consensus requires a clear, thoughtful, thorough and transparent argument that is missing from the current proposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk perception, institutional trust and misinformation as correlates of public avoidance behaviour in South Korea following the Fukushima treated-water discharge: implications for radiological protection communication.","authors":"Eunyoung Hong, Seoyong Kim, Dohyeong Kim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeae4a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeae4a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public avoidance behaviour following radiological events can persist even when authoritative assessments judge the associated exposure to be negligible, posing a persistent challenge for radiological protection communication. Taking Japan's discharge of Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS)-treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi site into the Pacific Ocean as a case, this study asks why comparable levels of perceived risk translate into avoidance behaviour for some individuals but not others. Drawing on risk perception theory, the trust literature and dual-process models of information processing, we examine how nuclear risk perception, institutional trust, factual knowledge, acceptance of misinformation and modes of information processing shape whether people avoid Japanese seafood and products, forgo travel to Japan and discourage others from travelling. Using survey data from a quota sample of 1,898 South Korean adults, we estimate hierarchical and moderated regression models of avoidance behaviour. Risk perception was the strongest predictor and established the baseline impulse to avoid, with event-specific accident risk perception exerting a stronger effect than general nuclear risk perception. Institutional trust was associated with lower avoidance and misinformation acceptance with higher avoidance, while the two knowledge measures operated in opposing directions. Systematic and heuristic processing further conditioned the influence of trust, household income and risk perception, indicating that these factors operate as mechanisms linking perception to behaviour rather than as interchangeable predictors. For radiological protection, the results suggest that communication addressing affective risk perceptions, sustained trust-building and active countering of misinformation, tailored to how audiences process information, may be more effective than technical reassurance alone in managing public responses to contested exposure situations. Treating trust, misinformation and information processing as the machinery converting perception into behaviour offers a testable basis for anticipating when public response and technical assessment diverge.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational radiation protection in interventional radiology: A multicenter multimethod study of anesthesiology personnel.","authors":"Vusala Sayyad Mirza, Aida Agadadash Fatullaeva, Kenul Elchin Alizade, Vusal Pirmamed Eyvazov","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeae49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeae49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational radiation protection in interventional radiology depends not only on individual knowledge and training but also on protective behavior, dosimetry, equipment availability, and institutional support. We evaluated these domains among anesthesiology personnel using a multimethod design that combined a formally developed, expert content-validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire with center audit and structured procedure observation. This four-center cross-sectional census study included 82 eligible non-pilot personnel. Objective knowledge and self-reported protective practice were assessed by the instrument. Structural availability was assessed by center audit, and 50 interventional-radiology procedures were directly observed; 20% were double-observed. A prespecified psychometric branching rule determined whether practice could be represented by a composite score. The mean Objective Knowledge Score was 6.16 ± 1.58 of 10. The nine practice items did not support a single composite construct: corrected item-total correlations were all below 0.30 and ordinal alpha was 0.40. Self-reported adherence was 49.4% for lead glasses, 43.8% for protective-shield use, and 45.5% for personal-dosimeter use. Neither formal training nor Knowledge Score was significantly associated with these three prespecified outcomes after Holm correction. Center audits showed variable structural support, while direct observation demonstrated generally acceptable inter-rater agreement except for lead-glasses use (κ = 0.55). Descriptive triangulation identified center- and construct-specific discordance between knowledge, self-report, observed behavior, and audited availability. Radiation-protection practice in interventional radiology was therefore not adequately represented by a single adherence score; combining behavioral and structural measurement sources provided information that questionnaire data alone would not capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of lead-free multilayer shielding for diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo simulations.","authors":"François Mbozeko Mouongue, Jean Félix Beyala Ateba, Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop, Bonaventure Mvogo Aloa, Henri Paul Ekobena Fouda","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea2a0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea2a0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of sustainable and lead-free shielding materials is of increasing interest for diagnostic radiology facilities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where cost, material availability, and environmental considerations are important factors. This study evaluates the radiation shielding performance of fired clay bricks (FCB), concrete, and stainless steel (SS) as alternative structural materials for x-ray facilities operating up to 150 kVp using Monte Carlo simulations with the PHITS code. Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers were computed to characterise photon attenuation properties and guide the design of multilayer shielding assemblies. Two concrete-encapsulated assemblies were engineered: a standard composite (C₈-FCB₂₀₀-C₈, 2.32 mm lead equivalent) and a steel-reinforced composite (SS₂-C₈-FCB₂₀₀-C₈, 2.73 lead equivalent). Their performance was benchmarked against a conventional 2 mm lead barrier. Photon flux distributions and effective dose rates (EDR) were evaluated at primary (Cell 20) and secondary (Cells 22, 24, 26) shielding boundaries for x-ray tube potentials ranging from 80 to 150 kVp. At 150 kVp, the lead reference barrier reduced the transmitted EDR to 7.09×10^-09<i>µ</i>Sv h^-1at the primary barrier and below 1.79×10^-12<i>µ</i>Sv h^-1at the secondary barriers. A comparative analysis of the EDR recorded behind the alternative barriers reveals that for the secondary barriers, the standard C₈-FCB₂₀₀-C₈configuration was fully adequate across the entire investigated tube voltage range (80-150 kVp). Conversely, for the primary barrier, the reinforced SS₆-C₈-FCB₂₀₀-C₈composite is strictly required to provide sufficient shielding at 150 kVp. These results demonstrate the potential of locally available, lead-free composite materials as cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternatives for radiation shielding in diagnostic radiology facilities while supporting optimization and ALARA principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The applicability of the linear no-threshold model in radiological protection and the implications for optimisation.","authors":"M C Thorne","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aea911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM: occupational radiation exposure in spine surgery: organ-specific OSL phantom dosimetry and workload-based risk assessment (2026<i>J. Radiol. Prot.</i> 46 031510).","authors":"O Warimezgane, M Hilal, M R Mesradi, A Elanique, Y Aguezzoumen, A Saadi, M R Abbari, A Hadaoui","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea626","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the published article (Warimezgane<i>et al</i><i>J. Radiol. Prot.</i><b>46</b>031510), typographical transcription errors occurred in tableregarding the organ-specific equivalent doses (). Furthermore, the authors wish to clarify the annual effective dose projections by presenting both unshielded baseline and shielded clinical scenarios, and provide additional details regarding the exposure geometry during oblique and lateral fluoroscopic projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated spatiotemporal assessment of ambient radiation fields in a nuclear medicine department using OSL and time-resolved Geiger-Müller monitoring.","authors":"Kanokon Poonak, Poonnaphob Sopapan, Phiyada Thongkuam, Marisa Sureeyaphan, Ladawan Tanakitchaiyasit, Nopteera Sungsriphet, Panatsada Awikunprasert, Piyarat Parklug, Tewit Tungkasereeruk","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea625","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational radiation protection in nuclear medicine is complicated by ambient radiation fields that vary both spatially and temporally. This variability arises from routine radiopharmaceutical handling and from patients who act as temporary mobile radiation sources after administration. Passive dosimetry provides cumulative information but cannot resolve short-term fluctuations arising during routine operations. This study integrated fixed-location optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry with time-resolved Geiger-Müller monitoring to characterise spatial variations in ambient dose equivalent and temporal variations in dose-rate in a clinical nuclear medicine department. Monthly ambient dose equivalent,<i>H</i>*(10), was measured at 34 positions grouped into 14 functional areas across controlled, supervised, and uncontrolled zones, while ambient dose rate was recorded at 1 s intervals during routine working hours (08:00-16:00 h) over four weeks. Location-based estimates of annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk were derived from the OSL measurements. At the functional-area level, the syringe placement area showed the highest monthly<i>H</i>*(10) (0.405 mSv month^-1), followed by the patient waiting room (0.288 ± 0.214 mSv month^-1) and injection room (0.204 ± 0.101 mSv month^-1). The patient waiting room also recorded the highest four-week mean dose rate (1.21 ± 0.24<i>µ</i>Sv h^-1). Functional-area AED indicators ranged from 1.18 to 5.30 mSv y^-1, reflecting spatial variation in the annualised exposure estimates.<i>H</i>*(10) did not differ significantly among the three zones (<i>p</i>= 0.262), it differed significantly among locations within the controlled zone (<i>p</i>= 0.046). Time-resolved monitoring further revealed transient dose-rate peaks that were not apparent in cumulative dosimetry. Integrated monitoring may provide a more comprehensive basis for spatial prioritization and workflow-informed optimisation of radiation protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap between national policy and local implementation: analysis of sheltering-in-place policy development and stakeholder concerns in Japan.","authors":"Yoshika Saito, Momoka Yamamura, Chika Yamamoto, Chihiro Matsumoto, Tianchen Zhao, Masaharu Tsubokura","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies increasingly requires considering complex scenarios, including compound disasters, disruptions to critical infrastructure, and challenges in public communication. In Japan, following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, sheltering-in-place (SIP) has been designated as a key protective action for residents within the urgent protective action planning zone. However, recent events, including the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, have highlighted operational challenges and renewed concerns regarding the implementation of SIP. This study examined SIP policy development in Japan by analysing discussions of the Nuclear Regulation Authority's 'Study Team on the Operational Use of SIP' held between April 2024 and March 2025. A qualitative document analysis was conducted using publicly available meeting records, supporting materials, the final report, and comments submitted by local governments and the public during public consultations. Findings indicate the study team clarified key operational SIP elements, including initiation, geographic scope, continuation, termination, transition to evacuation or temporary relocation, temporary outings, and information provision. However, comments from local governments and the public revealed persistent concerns regarding legal and institutional consistency, compound-disaster response, public communication, information dissemination systems, continuity of social and business activities, support for healthcare and welfare facilities, maintenance of lifelines and essential supplies, and coordination among governmental and allied organisations. These findings suggest that successful SIP implementation depends not only on technical criteria, such as dose assessment and protective action thresholds, but also on effective risk communication among governments, healthcare and welfare institutions, businesses, and residents. The principal challenge is translating national policy into locally understandable and actionable practices; strengthening stakeholder engagement, public communication, and community preparedness may facilitate this translation. Future studies should evaluate whether these measures improve practical preparedness and emergency response.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling radiation adaptive response in space radiation risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation.","authors":"Omid Zare","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncertainty surrounding the biological effects of chronic low-dose radiation remains an important challenge in radiation risk assessment, particularly for long-duration space missions. Although adaptive response has been proposed as a potential modifier of radiation-induced cancer risk, its impact on mission-level risk predictions has not been quantitatively evaluated. We developed an exploratory Monte Carlo framework that extends a conventional linear no-threshold-based cancer risk model by incorporating an adaptive response factor (RAF) parameterised by a maximum protection fraction (), a half-saturation priming dose (), and a persistence time constant (). Organ-specific equivalent doses and model parameters were sampled for representative International Space Station (ISS), lunar, and Mars mission scenarios over 100 000 iterations per organ-mission pair. Under the implemented single-priming with exponential decay formulation, adaptive response produced only modest changes in projected cancer risk. Median reductions were negligible for the 1000 d Mars mission and remained below 1% for ISS scenarios, while larger reductions occurred only in a small fraction of simulations associated with favourable adaptive-response parameters. Within the assumptions of the current model, adaptive response is unlikely to substantially alter mission-level cancer risk estimates. Nevertheless, the proposed framework provides a transparent method for evaluating alternative biological hypotheses and quantifying their potential influence on radiation risk assessment as new experimental evidence becomes available.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}