Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of dose distribution and shielding efficiency in portable intraoral x-ray device.","authors":"J D Campos Méndez, S Pessoa Quesada, L Barba Ramírez, A Ruiz-Imbert, G Noguera Vega, A Hidalgo Rivas, E Mora Ramírez","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adda55","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adda55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Portable intraoral x-ray devices are widely used in dental radiology due to their affordability and convenience. However, concerns about radiation exposure to operators from scattered radiation are rising. This study uses an anthropomorphic phantom and a radiation detector to measure the ambient dose equivalent rate caused by secondary scatter radiation. Measurements were taken at different angles, distances, and heights, both with and without a shielding disk (provided by the portable device). The results show that the shielding disk reduces radiation exposure by up to 94%, but its effectiveness varies depending on the operator's position. Sensitive areas, such as the gonads and eye lenses, can receive higher doses under certain conditions. Annual dose estimations revealed that exposure could exceed 1 mSv in some cases, highlighting the need for operators to wear personal dosimeters and follow safety protocols. Recommendations include keeping a safe distance, shielding disk must be used, and avoid to tilt the x-ray unit. This study underscores the importance of properly using and regulating portable x-ray devices to ensure operator safety while maintaining their practical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation detriment and effective dose due to exposure to radon.","authors":"Thomas R Beck","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study compares exposures to the lung caused by inhalation of radon and radon progeny with lung doses from external low-linear-energy-transfer (low-LET) radiation. For this purpose, lung cancer risks, lifetime effects and radiation detriments from chronic exposure to radon in homes and workplaces are calculated. The calculations apply accepted risk models derived from studies on miners and residential radon to the representative populations of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In addition, comparable calculations are performed to determine risk quantities for the lung associated with low-LET radiation. In a working age population, a constant exposure to radon progeny of 1 working level month (WLM)/year results in a radiation detriment of 6.4∙10^-4per year (1.8∙10^-4yr^-1at a constant exposure of 1 mJ·h·m^-3yr^-1). For a whole population that is constantly exposed to a radon concentration of 100 Bq∙m^-3, the radiation detriment is 1.1∙10^-4per year. These values are based on epidemiological comparison using miner and residential studies separately. The relative biological effectiveness for alpha particles from the inhalation of radon and radon progeny is estimated to be around 10, which, despite of uncertainties, is significantly below the value of 20 recommended by ICRP for the radiation weighting factor of alpha particles. Comparison of results from epidemiological studies on radon in mines and in homes does not provide sufficient evidence that the fraction of unattached radon progeny has a significantly increased influence on the radiation risk und thus on the effective dose. An average annual effective dose of 6 mSv is determined for constant occupational exposure of a working age population to radon progeny with a rate of 1 WLM per year (1.7 mSv yr^-1per mJ∙h∙m^-3yr^-1). In the case of residential exposure, the average annual effective dose is 1.1 mSv, assuming that a whole population is constantly exposed to a radon activity concentration of 100 Bq∙m^-3. The dose coefficients determined in this study are lower than the corresponding values derived from biokinetic and dosimetric models and currently recommended by ICRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps across different ages.","authors":"Hind Saeed Alzahrani","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental examination lamps (DELs) enhance visual acuity and focus during surgical and clinical examination in dental clinics. However, prolonged exposure to high-intensity light can cause ocular thermal burns and toxicity. This study examined the risk of damage to the eyes from blue radiation emitted by DELs, considering lens spectral transmission across different age groups. The spectral irradiances of 14 DELs manufactured by 14 companies were measured using a spectrometer. The blue light-weighted radiances (<i>L</i>_B) were computed for direct viewing at 30 cm and indirect viewing at 30, 50, and 100 cm. The maximum daily exposure duration (<i>t</i>_max) was computed only for the direct viewing of light across different age groups (1-70 years). LED-based DELs exhibited peak blue spectral radiances between wavelengths of 440 and 450 nm, with illumination levels ranging from 2400 to 89 151 lux. Indirect viewing of the diffuse-reflected light from all the tested DELs was found to be safe. However, long exposures from unprotected viewing of a direct beam may exceed the accepted exposure limits. In the case of direct viewing, the blue light radiance (<i>L</i>_B) varied from 3 to 483 W m^-2sr^-1, depending on the DEL characteristics and age-related differences in light transmission to the human eye. Among the tested lamps, Luna showed the lowest blue light radiance (<i>L</i>(<i>λ</i>)) (0.09 ± 0.05 W m^-2sr^-1), resulting in the longest safe exposure time (<i>t</i>_max) of 38-96 h. In contrast, SKEMA 6 exhibited the highest<i>L</i>(<i>λ</i>) (4.75 ± 3.41 W m^-2sr^-1), leading to the shortest<i>t</i>_max(0.5-2 h). Appropriate DEL use is crucial for minimising direct blue light exposure, and patient eye protection is recommended for prolonged procedures. Indirect exposure remains within safety limits. Future research should focus on optimising DEL design for safety and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we being prudent, precautionary, or both?","authors":"Sannah H P van Balen, Elina Paivinen, Nathaniel Read, Eugene Shwageraus","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add540","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing review conducted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) includes an examination of the ethical foundations of the System of Radiological Protection. ICRP (2018<i>Ann. ICRP</i><b>47</b>) identified Prudence as one of the four ethical values underpinning the work of the ICRP. In most recent publications, the term regularly appears as a synonym or in conjunction with the Precautionary Principle. However, despite their frequent pairing, the two concepts have distinct meanings and unique histories in ICRP publications. Given the importance of the Precautionary Principle outside of radiological protection, the instability of their relationship can become a serious point of confusion, particularly when more emphasis is placed on protection of the environment. How do we know that we are being prudent, precautionary, or both in our approach to radiological risk assessment and management? This paper examines the definitions and applications of these terms within the ICRP's publishing history. Through a content and semantic analysis of 103 ICRP publications, this study describes their evolution and interrelation, highlights ambiguity and identifies opportunities for further clarification. The ICRP's current review of the System provides a timely opportunity to stabilise the terms, improving a common understanding and, ultimately, the management of radiological risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RadField3D: a data generator and data format for deep learning in radiation-protection dosimetry for medical applications.","authors":"Felix Lehner, Pasquale Lombardo, Susana Castillo, Oliver Hupe, Marcus Magnor","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research work, we present our open-source Geant4-based Monte-Carlo simulation application, called RadField3D, for generating three-dimensional radiation field datasets for dosimetry. Accompanying, we introduce a fast, machine-interpretable data format with a Python application programming interface for easy integration into neural network research, that we call RadFiled3D. Both developments are intended to be used to research alternative radiation simulation methods using deep learning. All data used for our validation (measured and simulated), along with our source codes, are published in separate repositories.https://github.com/Centrasis/RadField3DSimulationhttps://github.com/Centrasis/RadFiled3D.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of temporal variations in wind speed on sheltering effectiveness and developing a simplified correction method to account for these variations.","authors":"Jun Hirouchi, Shogo Takahara, Masatoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add53e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheltering is a key countermeasure for mitigating radiation exposures during nuclear power plant accidents. The effectiveness of sheltering in minimising inhalation exposure is commonly expressed using the reduction factor, which is the ratio of indoor to outdoor cumulative doses. The indoor dose is primarily influenced by the air exchange rate, penetration factor, and indoor deposition rate. Additionally, the air exchange rate is dependent on wind speed. In previous studies, the reduction factor was often treated as a constant value or calculated under constant wind speed conditions. However, wind speed varies in reality. This study investigated the effect of temporal variations in wind speed on the reduction factor and developed a simplified correction method to account for these variations. The results revealed that temporal variations in wind speed caused the reduction factor to differ by a factor of approximately two. Using the simplified correction method, the corrected reduction factors agreed, on average, within 10% of those calculated using a method that explicitly considers temporal variations in actual wind speed. Additionally, the computational cost was reduced by more than 20 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of quality factors for space radiations at Low Earth Orbit: Monte Carlo-based microdosimetric approach.","authors":"Arghya Chattaraj, Selvam T Palani, R S Vishwakarma, Balvinder Kaur Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/add89c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to calculate quality factors (Q) for the radiation environment at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using the Monte Carlo-based microdosimetric techniques. The study considers Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) ions (Z = 1 - 28), trapped protons, and albedo neutrons. Q is calculated with (2.8 g/cm²polyethylene and 10 g/cm²thick Aluminum) and without shielding. FLUKA code is used to model a uniform radiation environment incident on a spherical spacecraft having the above shielding material while a spherical Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) is positioned at the center of this spherical envelope. The initial fluence spectra of the above radiation fields are based on OLTARIS code. Microdosimetric distributions in the cavity of the TEPC are calculated separately for GCR ions, trapped protons and albedo neutrons. Using the microdosimetric distributions, Q values for these radiations including mission Q value are calculated based on Theory of Dual Radiation Action (TDRA) model, and the formalisms based on ICRP60 and ICRU40 reports. Q initially increases with Z of the ion and beyond Z = 22, it becomes insensitive to Z. Depending on the calculation model, mission Q value is in the range of: 1.91 - 2.45 for without shielding, 1.67 - 2.07 for 2.8 g/cm²polyethylene shielding and 1.81 - 2.48 for 10 g/cm²Aluminum shielding. The microdosimetry-based mission Q values corresponding to 2.8 g/cm²polyethylene shielding calculated according to ICRP60 and ICRU40 models compare well with the published measured values of previous space missions. The calculated TDRA-based Q values compare well with the values derived from OLTARIS code. A significant reduction in the dose-equivalent is achieved with 10 g/cm²Al shielding as compared to 2.8 g/cm²polyethylene. Overall, the study enhances the understanding of how shielding influences Q and dose-equivalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray imaging of a museum artefact on site: Monte Carlo simulations for radiation protection evaluations.","authors":"P Ferrari, P L Rossi, M Bettuzzi, F Mariotti, M P Morigi, C Riccardizi, C Canevari, P Modesti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e5","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work is part of a meticulous x-ray tomographic imaging study on an artefact belonging to the collections of Civic Museums of Reggio Emilia. Using a mobile x-ray source, where the artefact is normally kept, reduces and simplifies the procedures related to its preservation needs. Using a radiation source in rooms not previously classified required a prior estimate of the environmental dose and the exposure of the operators and population based on semiempirical models and measurements. That was the occasion to test the quality of Monte Carlo simulations based on a simplified model of the source and the environment. The measurement results validated the simulations for further dose estimations of the ambient dose equivalent rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulations of 5/8'' NaI gamma camera detector response in radiological emergency preparedness.","authors":"Martin Hjellström, Mats Isaksson","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add1e6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a radiological or nuclear (RN) event there is a need for measurement equipment readily available for estimation of internal contamination. Previous studies have shown that the gamma camera is a feasible tool for estimation of whole-body activity for relevant radionuclides during the recovery phase of an accident, e.g. by using whole-spectrum analysis. However, this technique is limited by the difficulties to interpret the spectral information in cases where more than one radionuclide is present in the subject. In this study, a Monte Carlo (MC) model of a gamma camera with a crystal thickness of 5/8'' was constructed using the Geant4 based MC software GATE to better understand the spectral information from multiple contaminants and to facilitate calibration for various radionuclides and contamination scenarios with several radionuclides present. The validation of the model showed good agreement with measurement data, within 15% deviation, which is an uncertainty generally accepted for RN event scenarios. The model was used to simulate the gamma camera detector response for relevant contamination scenarios in the short and the long term perspective following a nuclear power plant accident.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vital role of radiation protection research in Europe's future: a PIANOFORTE white paper.","authors":"Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace, Jean-Christophe Gariel, Filip Vanhavere, Florian Rauser, Andrzej Wojcik, Elizabeth Ainsbury, Simon Bouffler, Marie Davídková, Tomasz Kalita, Christoph Hoeschen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7c0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adc7c0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation protection is a cornerstone of public health, occupational safety, patient welfare, and environmental stewardship. A strong emphasis on radiation protection is necessary to contribute to the well-being of citizens, to innovation and sustainable growth across Europe, and to meet the challenges by application of new technologies, and emerging threats. While the use of ionising radiation and radioactive substances underpins significant advancements in medicine, nuclear and non-nuclear industry, it also poses risks that must be carefully defined and managed in environmental and health policies. Effective radiation protection knowledge and know-how help balance the benefits and risks of ionising radiation use, empowering European society to harness its potential safely. Neglecting investment in radiation protection research could lead to increased risks, delayed innovation, and risk-disproportionate radiation protection policy and regulation frameworks, hindering Europe's progress and resilience. This white paper argues for sustained investment in radiation protection research, in the follow-up of the dedicated PIANOFORTE pan-European partnership (2022-2029). In the context of the 10th Framework Programme of Research and Innovation and its related EURATOM's part, this should be achieved with a funding envelop for radiation protection research of ca. 75 M€ through a PIANOFORTE-like partnership, including actions related to infrastructure and education and training. Such investment forms an essential component of Europe's strategy for competitiveness, security, and quality of life, including quality of environmental resources and natural capital, notably but not only in the context of the energy transition. Key challenges related to occupational exposure, medical diagnostics and treatments, emergency preparedness and response, exposure to natural sources of radiation and environmental protection underscore the need for comprehensive research to support evidence-based policy decisions, harmonised regulations and safe, sustainable and integrated practices that address protection of both human and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}