Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the impact of new dosimetric quantities recommended by ICRU 95 on the OSLD individual monitoring system at OAP, Thailand.","authors":"P Rindhatayathon, V Pungkun","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad255c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad255c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research investigates the effects of new definitions of operational dosimetric quantities, especially<i>H</i>_p(10) to Hp recommended by ICRU Report 95, on the dosimetry system. This paper focuses on the responses of two dosimeter types, nanoDot® and InLight®, using conversional coefficients from ICRU report 57 and ICRU report 95 conversion coefficients. The dosimeters were irradiated with various beam qualities, and their responses were compared to the acceptant limits provided by the IEC 62387. The results demonstrate higher responses at new definitions recommended by ICRU report 95, indicating the need for algorithm modifications in the dose calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal changes in cumulative mortality risks of cancer, by occupation, in the working population of Japan from 1995 to 2020: a benchmark for radiation risk comparison.","authors":"Momo Takada, Jun Hirouchi, Ikuo Kujiraoka, Shogo Takahara, Thierry Schneider, Michiaki Kai","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2ebc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2ebc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to provide benchmark data for discussing the tolerability of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure. It focused on differences in cancer mortality risk by occupation among Japan's working population and examined baseline cancer mortality risks and its variations from 1995 through 2020. Data were collected every five years from national vital statistics sources. By focusing on the same types of cancer among radiation induced effects, cumulative mortality risks were calculated for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer (females only) for those aged 15-74. The average cumulative mortality risk for the working population in Japan has decreased by 30%-60% over the past 25 years. Service workers and male managers were at an average risk, among all workers, while clerical workers and transportation and manufacturing workers had about half the average risk. The risks were higher for professionals and female managers, about 1.5-2 times the average for professionals and up to 5 times the average for female managers. The decrease in the average cancer mortality risk in the working population as a baseline suggests that risk tolerance in society might have changed over time. Since differences in mortality by occupation were confirmed, the usefulness of occupational data as a benchmark needs further investigation, as high-risk/low-risk occupations vary by country and region. The results of this study contribute to put radiation risks into perspective with the background risk of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of risks of cardiovascular disease from radiation exposure linked to computed tomography scans in the UK.","authors":"Colin J Martin, Michael Barnard, Frank de Vocht","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2ebd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2ebd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological studies of patient populations have shown that high doses of radiation increase risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results from a recent meta-analysis of 93 epidemiological studies covering a wide range of doses provided evidence of a causal association between radiation exposure and CVD, and indicated excess relative risk per Gy for maximum dose below 500 mGy or delivered at low dose rates. These doses cover the range of organ doses expected from multiple diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans. Dose-effect factors for the excess absolute risk of mortality from CVD following radiation exposure were derived from the meta-analysis. The present study uses these factors to estimate excess risks of mortality for various types of CVD, including cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), from CT scans of the body and head, assuming that the meta-analytic factors were accurate and represented a causal relationship. Estimates are based on cumulative doses to the heart and brain from CT scans performed on 105 574 patients on 12 CT scanners over a period of 5½ years. The results suggest that the excess number of deaths from CeVD could be 7 or 26 per 100 000 patients depending whether threshold brain doses of 200 mGy or 50 mGy, respectively are assumed. These results could have implications for head CT scans. However, the results rely on the validity of risk factors derived in the meta-analysis informing this assessment and which include significant uncertainties. Further incidence studies should provide better information on risk factors and dose thresholds, particularly for CeVD following head CT scans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National and local diagnostic reference levels for adult¹⁸F-FDG and CT in Jordanian PET/CT: findings and implications in practice.","authors":"Qays Alhorani, Essam Alkhybari, Mohammad Rawashdeh, Akmal Sabarudin, Rukiah A Latiff, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Mazlyfarina Mohamad","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2c62","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2c62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to report the findings of Jordanian national diagnostic reference level (NDRL) survey for fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) and local diagnostic reference level (LDRL) of computed tomography (CT) used for attenuation correction and anatomical localisation (AC-AL); and AC and diagnostic CT (AC-DX) within the context of whole-body WB and half-body HB adult oncology PET/CT scanning. Two-structured questionnaires were prepared to gather the necessary information: dosimetry data, patient demographics, equipment specification, and acquisition protocols for identified¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT procedures. The NDRL and achievable dose were reported based on the 75th and 50th percentiles for¹⁸F-FDG administered activity (AA), respectively. The LDRL was reported based on the 50th percentile for (CTDI_vol) and (DLP). Data from 562 patients from four Jordanian PET/CT centres were collected. The survey revealed that Jordanian NDRL for AA (303 MBq) was within the acceptable range compared to the published-peer NDRL data (240-590 MBq). However, the¹⁸F-FDG AA varied across the participated PET/CT centres. The reported LDRL CTDI_voland DLP of CT used for (AC-AL) was 4.3 mGy and 459.3 mGy.cm for HB CT scan range, and 4.1 mGy and 659.9 mGy.cm for WB CT scans. The reported LDRL for CTDI_voland DLP for HB CT was higher when compared with the United Kingdom (3.2 mGy and 310 mGy.cm). Concurrently, in the context of WB CT, the reported values (i.e. CTDIvol and DLP) were also higher than both Kuwait (3.6 mGy and 659 mGy.cm) and Slovenia (3.6 mGy and 676 mGy.cm). The reported HB CT(AC-DX) was higher than Nordic, New Zealand and Swiss NDRLs and for WB (AC-DX) CT it was higher than Swiss NDRLs. This study reported the first Jordanian NDRL for¹⁸F-FDG and LDRL for HB and WB CT associated with¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans. This data is useful for Jordanian PET/CT centres to compare their LDRL to the suggested DRLs and utilise it in the process of optimising CT radiation doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioactive seed localization is a safe and effective tool for breast cancer surgery: an evaluation of over 25,000 cases.","authors":"D Miodownik, D Bierman, C Thornton, T Moo, K Feigin, A Damato, T Le, M Williamson, K Prasad, B Chu, L Dauer, N Saphier, P Zanzonico, M Morrow, M Bellamy","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad246a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad246a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive seed localization (RSL) provides a precise and efficient method for removing non-palpable breast lesions. It has proven to be a valuable addition to breast surgery, improving perioperative logistics and patient satisfaction. This retrospective review examines the lessons learned from a high-volume cancer center's RSL program after 10 years of practice and over 25 000 cases. We provide an updated model for assessing the patient's radiation dose from RSL seed implantation and demonstrate the safety of RSL to staff members. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of various aspects of presurgical evaluation, surgical techniques, post-surgical management, and regulatory compliance for a successful RSL program. Notably, the program has reduced radiation exposure for patients and medical staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of large language models in radiation emergency response.","authors":"Anirudh Chandra, Abinash Chakraborty","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad270c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad270c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent times, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been transformed by the introduction of large language models (LLMs). These models, popularized by OpenAI's GPT-3, have demonstrated the emergent capabilities of AI in comprehending and producing text resembling human language, which has helped them transform several industries. But its role has yet to be explored in the nuclear industry, specifically in managing radiation emergencies. The present work explores LLMs' contextual awareness, natural language interaction, and their capacity to comprehend diverse queries in a radiation emergency response setting. In this study we identify different user types and their specific LLM use-cases in radiation emergencies. Their possible interactions with ChatGPT, a popular LLM, has also been simulated and preliminary results are presented. Drawing on the insights gained from this exercise and to address concerns of reliability and misinformation, this study advocates for expert guided and domain-specific LLMs trained on radiation safety protocols and historical data. This study aims to guide radiation emergency management practitioners and decision-makers in effectively incorporating LLMs into their decision support framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of IAEA Human Health Series report 42: Establishing and Improving Interventional Radiology.","authors":"Richard W Harbron","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2469","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad2469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorbed dose coefficients for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer patients undergoing radioiodine therapy.","authors":"Tae-Eun Kwon, Cari M Kitahara, Choonsik Lee","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in pediatric patients and the resultant growing use of radioactive iodine (RAI) reinforce the need to evaluate radiation exposure to normal tissues and radiation-induced health risks in pediatric patients undergoing RAI therapy. In the current study, we calculated absorbed dose coefficients (i.e. absorbed dose per unit activity administered, mGy MBq^-1) specific for pediatric patients with localized DTC undergoing RAI therapy following total thyroidectomy for use in epidemiological studies. We first modified previously-published biokinetic models for adult thyroid cancer patients to achieve a reasonable agreement with iodine biokinetics observed in pediatric patients or design principles addressed in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference age-specific biokinetic models. We then combined the biokinetic models in conjunction with<i>S</i>values derived from ICRP reference pediatric voxel phantoms. The absorbed dose coefficients for pediatric patients were overall greater than those for adults with a ratio (pediatric/adult) up to 11.6 and rapidly decreased with increasing age. The sensitivity analysis showed that the renal clearance rate and<i>S</i>values may have the greatest impact on the absorbed dose coefficients with the rank correlation coefficients ranging from -0.53 to -0.82 (negative correlations) and from 0.51 to 0.80 (positive correlations), respectively. The results of the current study may be utilized in clinical or epidemiological studies to estimate organ-specific radiation absorbed doses and radiation-associated health risks among pediatric thyroid cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the occupational exposure during the production and application of radiopharmaceuticals in Germany.","authors":"Julius Vogt, Uwe Oeh, Franz Josef Maringer","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of radiopharmaceuticals and proteins are available for diagnosing and treating various diseases. The demand for existing and newly developed pharmaceutical radionuclides and proteins is steadily increasing. The radiation exposure levels of workers in the radiopharmaceutical industry and nuclear medicine field are closely monitored, specifically their effective dose and equivalent dose, leading to the question, of whether the dawn of radiopharmaceuticals affects the occupational exposure level. This development is analyzed and evaluated with data from the German National Dose Register. Data shows that the effective dose in the work categories production and distribution of radioisotopes as well as nuclear medicine slightly decreased from 1997 to 2021. Over the same period, the hand equivalent dose in nuclear medicine increases steadily, with no discernible trend in production and distribution of radioisotopes. Over the past few decades, intentional efforts and measures have been taken to ensure radiation protection. Instruments for monitoring and dose reduction must be continuously applied. Given the low effective dose, the focus in future shall be on dose reduction following the<u>a</u>s<u>l</u>ow<u>a</u>s<u>r</u>easonably<u>a</u>chievable principle. The development of the hand equivalent dose should be carefully observed in the upcoming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative investigation of gamma radiation in accelerator produced ISO neutron fields.","authors":"H Dombrowski, R Nolte","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdb","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad1fdb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In standard monoenergetic ISO neutron fields, the neutron yield of neutron-producing reactions was measured in combination with the prompt photon yield, including photon energies up to 10 MeV, for the purpose of comparing the two yields. Separating the photons produced by the target (direct photons) from those generated by secondary neutron reactions was achieved using the time-of-flight method. Photon and neutron ambient dose equivalent values were calculated from measured spectral energy distributions. Quasi monoenergetic neutron fields are needed to systematically test the response of measuring instruments to neutron radiation. For this reason, ISO has defined a number of reference neutron radiation fields covering a wide energy range up to 19 MeV. Because neutron detectors may also be affected by photon radiation, the photon fluence in the ISO neutron fields has to be known. This work focuses on quasi monoenergetic accelerator-produced neutron fields in the energy range of 24 keV to 19 MeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}