Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Tooth enamel dose coefficients of the ICRP adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms for idealized external neutron exposures.","authors":"Bangho Shin, Chansoo Choi, Robert J Dawson, Chan Hyeong Kim, Wesley E Bolch","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6080","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For application in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry for neutron fields, the present study establishes a dataset of tooth enamel dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized external neutron exposures using the adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms of the international commission on radiological protection. PHITS Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations were performed to compute DCs for buccal and lingual enamels for the front, front-left, front-right, left, and right teeth for 68 monoenergetic neutrons under antero-posterior (AP), postero-anterior (PA), left-lateral, right-lateral, rotational, and isotropic (ISO) irradiation geometries. The dose contributions from primary neutrons and secondary photons were quantified to account for the respective sensitivities of enamel to neutrons and photons in EPR measurements. The results demonstrated meaningful variation in enamel DCs with irradiation geometry; for example, up to a 5.6-fold difference was observed between the AP and PA geometries for the front lingual enamel. In addition, the results showed that for neutron energies below 20 MeV, secondary photons contributed more than 10% to the total dose, emphasizing the need for separate consideration of primary neutrons and secondary photons when interpreting EPR signals. The neutron enamel DCs established in the present study, in combination with the previously derived photon enamel DCs, will enable improved estimation of individual radiation doses, including organ and effective doses, for realistic mixed neutron-photon exposure scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13373991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparedness for small modular reactors: an analysis of key actors in Sweden.","authors":"Åsa Thelander, Åsa Ek, Henrik Rahm","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5dd7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5dd7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small modular reactors (SMRs) are increasingly promoted as part of future fossil-free energy systems, yet they may introduce new types of risks and involve a broader set of actors compared to conventional nuclear power plants. The study examines how key actors in Sweden understand SMRs and interpret their roles in radiation emergency preparedness. This qualitative study is based on qualitative interviews with actors involved in emergency preparedness for potential SMR deployment, a context shaped by Sweden's recent policy shift toward expanded nuclear energy. Findings show that expectations of SMRs are generally high, and benefits tend to overshadow considerations of radiation risks. Among newcomer actors, emergency preparedness is widely perceived as an issue that can be addressed later in the SMR development process rather than as an integral part of early strategic planning. Among actors with previous experience of radiation risks, SMRs do not entail any major changes or challenges. As a result, a broad preparedness culture-including early engagement across organisational boundaries and systematic integration of radiation emergency preparedness-is not yet discernible. These gaps warrant continued attention as SMR initiatives advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect assessment: comparison of different methods to estimate staff equivalent dose to the lens during different interventional procedures.","authors":"Luca Fedeli, Andrea Magistrelli, Angela Vaiano, Margherita Betti, Laura Redapi, Stefania Fabiani, Francesco Meucci, David Fedele, Sara Bicchi, Zeno Zoppi, Luca Bernardi, Lorenzo Nicola Mazzoni","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6277","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reduction of the annual equivalent dose limit to the lens of the eye from 150 to 20 mSv has increased the need for reliable assessment of occupational eye lens exposure, particularly in interventional radiology. Lens absorbed dose is commonly evaluated either using a dosimeter near the eye or indirectly using chest dosimeter readings. Although the indirect approach is well established in interventional cardiology, its validity for procedures with different exposure geometries remains uncertain. This study evaluated the agreement between direct and indirect estimates of lens equivalent dose in haemodynamic, electrophysiological and gastroenterological procedures. Forty-one physicians were monitored using thermoluminescent dosimeters placed close to the eye and on the chest above the lead apron. Direct lens doses were compared with indirect estimates derived from chest dosimeter. Agreement was assessed using linear fitting, Pearson's correlation coefficients and analysis of variance. A total of 449 valid dosimetric pairs were analysed. A statistically significant correlation between direct and indirect lens dose estimates was observed for haemodynamic and electrophysiological procedures. The indirect lens dose estimates provided conservative estimates in approximately 80% of cases and never resulted in exceedance of the 20 mSv annual dose limit. In contrast, no significant correlation was found for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures, where indirect estimates frequently underestimated lens dose due to non-frontal exposure geometry. These findings confirm that reliable and conservative assessment of eye lens dose estimates in interventional cardiology is possible when chest doses are well below regulatory limits. However, caution is required when extending its use to non-cardiac procedures, where procedure-specific exposure conditions may compromise the reliability of lens dose estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on inductive charging technology of fixative droplets for submicron aerosol control.","authors":"Xin Huang, Hongchao Pang, Chuangao Wang, Chunsheng Cui, Gang Wei, Jinsen Guo, Ran Chen, Zhiping Luo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6276","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the event of an accidental fire in a glove box, submicron plutonium aerosols may be released into the plant area, which not only poses an internal exposure hazard to staff but also risks radioactive environmental pollution. Existing studies have shown that fixative droplets can effectively control aerosols and inhibit their resuspension, but there is still room for improvement in the control effect on submicron aerosols. To this end, this study adopts inductive charging technology to charge fixative droplets, and enhances the control effect by means of the Coulomb interaction between droplets and aerosols. Aerosol control experiments are carried out in a glove box system equipped with a charging device and a pneumatic atomisation device to systematically investigate the effects of voltage and electrode-related parameters on the control effect. The experimental results are explained in combination with theoretical analysis and simulation calculations. The results demonstrate that charging fixative droplets can significantly enhance the control efficiency for aerosols in the range of 0.5<i>μ</i>m-1<i>μ</i>m, providing important technical support for reducing the risk of internal exposure of personnel and ensuring environmental safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying age-specific windows of vulnerability: a lifetime dose assessment of Ra-226 in drinking water.","authors":"Alaaddin Alnajjar, Majd Hawwari","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization recommends a reference level of 0.1 mSv y^-1for radiological exposure from drinking water, implemented through an adult-based screening framework that does not explicitly account for age-dependent water intake or radionuclide biokinetics. For bone-seeking radionuclides such as Ra-226, these factors can modify both the temporal distribution and cumulative burden of ingestion dose over the lifespan. In this study, an age-dependent lifetime ingestion-dose model was developed for Ra-226 by combining age-specific drinking-water intake rates with International Commission on Radiological Protection ingestion dose coefficients and time-resolved biokinetic dose functions. Annual and cumulative effective doses were calculated from birth to 70 years and compared with estimates obtained using the adult-only screening approach, assuming a constant drinking-water concentration of 1 Bq l^-1. The cumulative lifetime effective dose reached approximately 20 mSv, corresponding to a lifetime-averaged annual dose of ∼0.29 mSv y^-1, compared with ∼0.20 mSv y^-1derived using the adult-based method. Although the absolute magnitude of Ra-226 ingestion dose is lower than that reported for Ra-228, the age-dependent model revealed a clear early-life dominance. The highest annual dose occurred during the first year of life (∼1.2 mSv y^-1), driven by elevated infant ingestion dose coefficients. Annual dose declined rapidly through early childhood and then approached a near-constant adult value of approximately 0.2 mSv y^-1. In contrast to Ra-228, Ra-226 did not produce a comparable adolescent dose peak, reflecting faster dose saturation following intake and limited long-term contribution from short-lived progeny. These results demonstrate that adult-only screening does not capture the timing and distribution of Ra-226 ingestion dose and that age-dependent lifetime modelling provides a more realistic basis for assessing chronic exposure from drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of radiation integrity and transmission in lead-rubber layers: a comparative analysis of visual-palpatory, light source and radiographic inspection methods.","authors":"Manca Likar, Laura Ninić, Laura Jurša, Nejc Mekiš","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6081","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae6081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational use of ionising radiation in medical procedures requires stringent protective measures to reduce exposure risks for staff. This study examined the integrity and reliability of personal protective equipment (PPE) used in a hospital setting, focusing on methods for detecting damage and its impact on radiation transmission. A total of 64 lead-based protective coats (one and two pieces) were examined for damage using four inspection techniques: visual- palpatory examination, LED light source, computed tomography (CT), and fluoroscopy/conventional x-ray. In the second part of the study, the transmittance of the primary beam and scattered radiation through damaged and undamaged areas was measured. Damage was found in 25% of protective coats, with 15.6%-18.8% classified as unsuitable according to recommended rejection models. Inspection using fluoroscopy and conventional x-ray was the most accurate method for detecting damage, followed by CT. Visual-palpatory, and light source assessments were less reliable, detecting 73.6% and 47.4% of all defects, respectively. Transmission of the primary beam in damaged areas increased from 0.5% to 316.6% compared to undamaged areas. Defective areas led to increased radiation exposure, potentially resulting in higher occupational doses and health concerns. The study emphasises the need for routine PPE inspections and recommends incorporating comprehensive assessments, including radiographic evaluations, into annual quality assurance and quality control protocols, as these have been shown to be most effective, particularly assessments using conventional x-ray units and fluoroscopy. These measures can significantly reduce the risk of unnecessary radiation exposure. However, time efficiency, required resources, and potential risks should also be considered and further evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency radiation dose rate monitoring during prolonged armed conflict.","authors":"Eric M Becker, Daniel J Blumenthal","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2022 Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine has introduced unprecedented challenges for the nuclear power generation and radiological safety communities, including occupation and disturbance of highly-contaminated areas, occupation of a nuclear power plant, and strikes near and within boundaries of nuclear sites. The war has necessitated the implementation of a supplementary dose rate sensor network to provide resilient measurement data for public protection and leadership awareness. This paper discusses the implementation of such a system, the factors determining what equipment is best suited for the purpose, and practical factors regarding deployment of the system and data management. A systematic approach for implementing a supplementary dose rate sensor network is put forward and described in a hypothetical generalised example. The crucial factors for operating a supplementary dose rate sensing network are backup power and communications options for dose rate sensors to make the network resilient to the effects of military operations. Practitioners should plan for extended operations beyond those typically considered for emergency response given the unpredictable nature of warfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for the calculation of multi-layer shielding buildup factors based on extra-trees regression and equivalent iteration.","authors":"Zhitao Chen, Yongkuo Liu, JiFeng Hu, Nan Chao, Zhongkun Liu, Xiaochang Zheng","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5e7e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calculation of<i>γ</i>-ray attenuation in the medium has been greatly simplified with the introduction of the concept of buildup factors. However, the determination of buildup factors for multi-layer shielding structures composed of different materials remains a challenging problem. Previous studies have typically extended empirical formulas developed for double-layer shielding to multi-layer structures. In contrast, this paper proposes a method and model, termed ETMLB, for calculating buildup factors in multi-layer shielding based on single-layer and double-layer buildup factor data and the extra-trees (ETs) algorithm. In this approach, two ET regression models, ETZ and ETB, are trained using single-layer and double-layer shielding data, respectively. The ETB model first calculates the buildup factors for double-layer shielding. The double-layer system is then reduced to an equivalent single layer, whose effective atomic number is computed using ETZ. Through successive equivalent iterations, the multi-layer shielding is reduced to an equivalent double-layer system, enabling the computation of its buildup factor. The test results demonstrate that, compared with several commonly used empirical formulas, ETMLB exhibits superior computational accuracy and provides a reliable approach for the calculation of buildup factors in multi-layer shielding.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of radiological protection principles in England and sustainable development.","authors":"Craig Ashton","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5ab4","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae5ab4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The radiological protection principles of justification, optimisation and dose limits are applied through national legislation to safeguard workers, the public and the environment from the short and long-term effects of ionising radiation. This paper analyses how these principles, as implemented in England, align with differing interpretations of sustainable development. This analysis finds that the framework is oriented toward sustaining all natural capital by applying stronger sustainability for human protection and nearly strong sustainability for non-human species. It is argued that the 1 mSv yr^-1public dose limit is representative of an environmental limit and is a potential candidate 'safe operating space' for ionising radiation within the novel entities' planetary boundary. Circumstances are also identified during low radiological risk activities such as decommissioning and remediation where very strong sustainability may be applied. Further research is therefore recommended to test the use of the 1 mSv yr^-1limit as a global safe operating space and to define clearer criteria to understand and control transitions from stronger to very strong sustainability in low radiological risk activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rotation axis and modulation on x-ray emission in dose assessment in panoramic radiographs using the Monte Carlo method.","authors":"Wilson Otto Batista, Maria Rosangela Soares, Jacqueline Machado Gurjão Rios","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae597a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae597a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of rotation axis configuration and modulation of tube voltage (kV) and dose rate on organ dose estimates in dental panoramic radiography, using Monte Carlo simulations. Computational phantoms representing 15 year-old male and female patients were each exposed to 16 protocol scenarios across three panoramic radiography units, varying the rotation centre (sliding versus fixed) and the presence or absence of x-ray beam modulation. Simulations were conducted using the particle and heavy-ion transport code system code, employing dump files and a multi-source approach to replicate realistic exposure conditions. Results were expressed and analysed as percentage differences relative to reference protocols incorporating a sliding rotation centre and beam modulation. The findings revealed a consistent and substantial underestimation-up to 50%-of doses to the thyroid, salivary glands, and brain when fixed-axis or non-modulated protocols were applied. The oral mucosa (lips and chin) exhibited marked overestimation (up to 700%), particularly in males, attributable to mandibular anatomy and beam geometry. Sex-related differences were evident in doses to the tongue and floor of the mouth, linked to anatomical mass variations, with male tongue mass approximately 8% greater than female. All results displayed relative errors below 5%. These findings highlight that simplified simulation models lacking a sliding rotation axis and beam modulation significantly distort and compromise dose assessments. Consequently, realistic modelling of beam dynamics is essential for accurate dosimetry in panoramic radiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}