Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"How did the media report a missing radioactive capsule in Australia's outback?","authors":"David Sibenaler, Marcus Grzechnik, Jenni Stiffe, Rohan Mate, Michelle Riedlinger","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2023, a radioactive capsule went missing in Western Australia's outback. It made international news. Research shows that public concerns about radiation's health effects remain dormant until an issue or 'focussing event' brings them to the public's consciousness. For example, public concern accelerated after the announcement of the planned rollout of the 'fifth generation' (5G) of cellular network technology across Australia in 2019. This opinion article considers news coverage alongside public and media enquiries to Australia's national radiation protection authority to determine whether this incident in 2023 became a focussing event. Using data collected from ProQuest, we found that the search for the whereabouts of this mint-sized radioactive object was the focus of 559 news stories in the week that it was lost and then found. We conducted close readings of these news stories to investigate how the story was framed. We focussed our analysis on coverage from a representative sample of Australia's most popular news brands. We found that while stories framed the missing capsule incident as 'dangerous', the national radiation protection authority only received a handful of public enquiries on this topic. This result is not unexpected, given that the incident was isolated both in terms of geography and being a single event. However, it is surprising when considering public responses to radiation news reporting of past incidents. It could be argued that the media's reliance on official sources and framing of the recovery to find a 'tiny' object in the Australian outback helped mitigate concerns about this radiation incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of local diagnostic reference levels for mammography in Fars Province, Iran.","authors":"Zahra Rakeb, Rasool Safari, Mohammadreza Parishan, Sedigheh Sina","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb42c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb42c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most common cancer that strikes women is breast cancer. It is diagnosed using mammography, which is considered a gold standard diagnostic tool in detecting breast cancer. Despite the use of ionizing radiation, mammography should be performed according to the ALARA principle, ensuring that radiation dose is optimized while maintaining adequate image quality for accurate diagnosis. This study sought to determine the LDRL for mammography in Fars Province, Iran, in line with the guidelines provided in ICRP Publication 135. This analytical study involved the extraction of data from the DICOM header of quality-controlled mammography devices in 62 centers in Fars Province. In total, 27,345 mammogram reports ranging from 2004 to 2025 were analyzed. Technical information about mammography was obtained through kVp, mAs, anode filter combination, and patient information, including age and compressed breast thickness. Data from the past five years and projections of CC and MLO were considered in the analysis.The study determined LDRLs for both Entrance Surface Air Kerma (Kae) and organ dose. For Kae, which does not require breast thickness correction, the LDRL was established at 5.94 mGy for the CC view and 9.49 mGy for the MLO view. The LDRLs for organ dose were further stratified by breast thickness. A comparison with national and international standards revealed that while the LDRL for the CC view was lower than the NDRLs of the UK and Ireland, it remained higher than previously reported levels in Iran. Notably, the LDRL for the MLO view was found to be higher than levels reported in other Iranian studies and international benchmarks. These findings highlight the necessity for protocol optimization, particularly for the MLO view, to align local practices with global dose reduction standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMARE 20th report: risks of cardiovascular disease from exposure to ionising radiation.","authors":"Nobuhiko Ban","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb139","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of changes in baseline cancer mortality rates and survival functions on the estimated risks of radiation-induced cancer.","authors":"Jun Hirouchi, Ikuo Kujiraoka, Yoshihiro Noguchi, Kentaro Manabe, Shogo Takahara","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb42d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb42d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the uncertainty factors in estimating radiation-induced cancer risk is temporal changes in baseline cancer and all-cause mortality rates, which reflect advances in medical and diagnostic technologies, increased diagnostic frequency, and improvements in lifestyle, hygiene standards, and public health. Assessments of radiation-induced cancer risk have generally been performed using constant baseline data and therefore do not consider the effects of temporal changes in these data. To determine the effect of changes in baseline data on risk estimation, we calculated lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for individuals from six countries and different regions under two conditions: using constant baseline data and using baseline data that changed over time . The LARs were calculated for all solid cancers, oesophagus cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. The LARs calculated using changing baseline data were comparable to those calculated using constant baseline data in 2021, and were, on average, approximately 1.7-fold higher (ranging from 0.8-to 4fold) than those calculated using constant baseline data in 1955. Furthermore, comparison of the effects of baseline data changes with that of other uncertainty factors indicated that the effect of baseline changes was greater than that of the minimum latency period but smaller than those of the fitting parameter of the risk models and the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT image-based evaluation of phantom-derived DLP-to-effective dose conversion factors for adult abdomen-pelvis CT.","authors":"Sergio Morato, Monjoy Saha, Jenifer Siegelman, Choonsik Lee","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeabab","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeabab","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective dose is used in computed tomography (CT) as a population-level quantity for radiation protection, dose monitoring, and clinical studies. It is commonly estimated by multiplying scanner-reported dose-length product (DLP) by a conversion coefficient, or<i>k</i>-factor, because organ doses are not available from routine examinations. Most CT<i>k</i>-factors were derived from computational human phantoms, but phantom-derived estimates have not been systematically compared with effective doses calculated directly from CT images across adults with diverse body habitus. We calculated<i>k</i>-factors using a set of adult abdominal CT images combined with deep learning-based automatic organ segmentation and Monte Carlo dose calculation methods and compared them with those calculated from two phantom-derived<i>k</i>-factor approaches: the fixed AAPM TG23 coefficient and body size-dependent<i>k</i>-factors calculated using National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for CT (NCICT). Abdomen-pelvis CT images from 38 adults (18 females, 20 males) spanning water-equivalent diameter (WED) values of 21-41 cm were segmented using TotalSegmentator and an in-house gonad model, converted into voxelised anatomical models, and coupled with a validated CT scanner Monte Carlo model. CT image-based<i>k</i>-factors were calculated as effective dose divided by DLP and evaluated as functions of WED and sex. Image-based<i>k</i>-factors decreased with increasing WED for both sexes, and female values were higher than male values at comparable WED. Over the overlapping WED range, NCICT-based<i>k</i>-factors showed good agreement with CT-based values with the same decreasing trend. The fixed TG23 coefficient introduced systematic bias at smaller and larger body sizes. However, the selected NCICT adult phantoms did not cover the lower-WED end of the CT cohort. These findings support the performance of phantom-based effective dose calculations and indicate the need to extend phantom libraries while continuing CT image-based evaluation across pediatric CT and broader imaging protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel angle-independent neutron detector based on CR-39.","authors":"Liuyu Cui, Weihai Zhuo, Bo Chen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CR-39 offers numerous advantages for neutron detection, yet its strong angular dependence has long compromised the accuracy of measurements. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel cubic neutron detector consisting of six CR-39 elements. By taking the average response of the six elements as the measurement metric, the angular dependence is effectively suppressed. To accommodate the broad energy range of realistic neutron fields, a compact dual-converter structure is designed, in which polyethylene and boron nitride converters are coupled to the two faces of CR-39 element for fast- and thermal-neutron detection, respectively. Simulation results show that the angular variation in detector response remains below 12% for both fast- and thermal-neutron detection over the full solid angle, whereas a conventional single CR-39 element exhibits a response variation exceeding 300%. This superior angular independence has also been verified experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the 5G-COVID moment: the scope of EMF mis- and disinformation on German-language social media.","authors":"Tobias Eder, Katja Aue, Larissa Drescher, Kerstin Dressel, Georg Groh, Jutta Roosen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea624","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aea624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public perception of health risks from electromagnetic fields (EMF) and 5G mobile networks diverges persistently from the scientific evidence base, a gap increasingly shaped by social media. While existing research has examined the acute COVID-5G conspiracy episode on individual platforms, systematic multi-platform analyses of the broader EMF misinformation landscape remain scarce. This study presents a mixed-methods analysis of EMF and 5G-related misinformation across YouTube, Telegram, and Twitter/X in German-language social media, combining automated classification, sentiment analysis, and topic modelling with structured qualitative content analysis. The three corpora comprise over 430 000 posts from more than 16 000 accounts, covering content published primarily between 2019 and 2024. The analysis reveals that EMF misinformation circulates in a predominantly pseudo-expert communicative register rather than overtly inflammatory language, is structurally embedded within broader conspiracy ecosystems rather than circulating as standalone content, and is sustained by commercial incentive structures alongside ideological motivations. The three platforms serve complementary functional roles within an integrated distribution network. While the pandemic-era peak in activity has subsided, the underlying network infrastructure remains intact. The findings establish an empirical baseline for the German-language EMF misinformation landscape against which future developments, including the impact of generative AI on misinformation production, can be measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A criticism of three arguments on recurrent imaging and risk.","authors":"C Walsh","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeadac","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeadac","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing radiation protection (RP) in relation to recurrent imaging continues to be debated. Recent arguments have focussed on high cumulative effective dose (CED), especially where it exceeds 100 mSv. This article argues that CED should not be the primary focus for tracking concerns on recurrent imaging. Arguments which advocate for increased RP measures after 100 mSv is exceeded are criticised as being in conflict with the linear no threshold model. Finally, a view of dose history as adding to background risk is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing inspection intensity under the graded approach: a Bayesian decision-theoretic model for radiation protection regulation.","authors":"Jukka Tapio Liukkonen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The graded approach is a central principle of radiation protection regulation: regulatory requirements and oversight activities should be commensurate with the radiation risks associated with practices involving radiation sources. Although the principle is widely accepted, its practical implementation often relies on qualitative categories, expert judgement and institutional routines rather than an explicit decision model. This paper develops a Bayesian decision-theoretic formulation of inspection intensity under the graded approach. Regulated practices are represented by uncertain latent safety or compliance states, and inspection findings are treated as imperfect observations that update the regulator's beliefs. Regulatory responses are selected by minimizing expected loss, while inspection intensity is chosen by comparing the expected value of information with the resource cost and burden of inspection. The framework therefore interprets proportionality not simply as more inspection for higher-risk practices, but as inspection when the expected improvement in regulatory decision making justifies the cost. A dynamic extension is introduced in which beliefs, inspection findings, regulatory responses and underlying safety states evolve over time. An illustrative Monte Carlo simulation compares four strategies: fixed periodic inspection, risk-category inspection, uncertainty-triggered inspection and Bayesian value-of-information inspection. A sensitivity analysis varies the relative cost of limited and full inspections. The results show how a value-of-information rule can reduce cumulative expected loss relative to mechanical inspection rules under the assumed parameter values, while also adapting inspection effort as inspection costs change. The simulation is not calibrated to empirical regulatory data; its purpose is to demonstrate the logic and policy interpretation of the proposed framework. The model provides a transparent formal language for discussing proportionality, uncertainty, learning and resource allocation in radiation protection inspection programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shapley effects to identify the most influential input parameters of organ dose estimation following CT scans in childhood.","authors":"Anaïs Foucault, Marouane Il Idrissi, Bertrand Iooss, Choonsik Lee, Marie-Odile Bernier, Sophie Ancelet","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/aeb137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aeb137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A current methodological challenge in radiation epidemiology is to account for dose uncertainty in risk estimation. An important preliminary step can be to identify the most influential input parameters involved in dose estimation, before modelling and accounting for their related uncertainty in radiation-induced health risk estimates. In this work, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis (GSA) was performed with Shapley effects and, for the first time in radiation dosimetry, to rank by influence the input parameters of a software conventionally used to estimate organ doses arising from computed tomography (CT) scan exposure: NCICT (National Cancer Institute Dosimetry System for CT) (version 1.0). We focused on brain and red bone marrow (RBM) dose estimation in the French CT cohort and our GSA was performed for three types of examination, classified according to the scanned body region: head, chest, and abdominopelvic. Among the eight uncertain input parameters involved in dose estimation, different influential parameters were highlighted depending on both the scan type and the considered organ dose: these are consistent with the underlying dose calculation methodology. For head CT examinations, technical parameters used for image acquisition including x-ray tube current-time product (mAs) and tube potential (kVp), as well as the end of the scanned body area contributed to about 70% of the variance of the brain dose estimate, while mAs, kVp, the start and end of the scanned body area, and age influenced the RBM dose. The brain and RBM doses delivered during chest CT examinations were mainly influenced by mAs, pitch, and kVp. Finally, kVp was the only input parameter with a significant influence on both the RBM and the brain dose for abdominopelvic CT examinations: it explained more than 30% of the variance of these organ doses. From a clinical perspective, our findings may support optimization of pediatric CT protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}