Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of effective and equivalent dose derived from veterinary radiology applications using the Monte Carlo method.","authors":"Wilson Otto Batista, Maria Rosangela Soares, Jacqueline Machado Gurjão Rios","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade262","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate effective dose and equivalent dose values for x-ray equipment operators and the tutors of small animals during veterinary radiology procedures, using simulations via the Monte Carlo method with the heavy ion transport code system and MESH-type phantoms, as described in International Commission on Radiological Protection, Report 145. Scenarios of conventional and dental veterinary radiology were analysed, considering variations in beam incidence angle, tube voltage (kV), and the use or not of backscatter shield accessories. The results demonstrate that the use of the backscatter shield significantly reduces the doses received by the operator and the tutor, in addition to reinforcing the importance of safe practices. Adopting the appropriate parameters, kV and current-time product (mAs), adherence to radiological protection recommendations, and training professionals minimises exposures. All data reinforce the need for good practices; although the dose values are below the limits established in radiological protection, they should not be neglected. In dental radiographs, the absence of the backscatter shield can increase doses by up to 30 times. Thus, strict adherence to radiological protection standards, manufacturer's instructions, and international recommendations is essential for maintaining exposures as low as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archival records housed at USTUR support radium dial worker dosimetry.","authors":"Nicole E Martinez, Derek W Jokisch, Michael T Mumma, Sergey Y Tolmachev, Maia Avtandilashvili, George Tabatadze, Richard W Leggett, Caleigh Samuels, Ashley P Golden, Sara C Howard, Lawrence T Dauer, John D Boice","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad8bcf","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ad8bcf","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American radium dial worker (RDW) cohort of over 3200 persons is being revisited as part of the Million Person Study (MPS) to include a modern approach to RDW dosimetry. An exceptional source of data and contextualization in this project is an extensive collection of electronic records (digitized from existing microfilm and microfiche) housed at the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR). Although the type, extent, and quality (e.g. legibility) of record(s) varies between individuals, the remarkable occupational, medical and demographic data include<i>in vivo</i>radiation measurements (e.g. radon breath, whole body counts), autopsy results, medical records (including copies of radiographs), interviews over the years, and correspondence. Of particular dosimetric interest are the details of radiation measurements. For example, there are some instances where hand-written and transcribed values are both available, along with notes providing context for why a particular measurement in a series of measurements was chosen to assign an intake, or if there were concerns about a particular measurement. Born prior to 1935, RDW have nearly all passed away. Thus, the updated dosimetry, especially for the skeletal tissues, will allow the correlation of lifetime cumulative dose with radiation risk. Here we review typical information available in this collection of historical records and highlight some interesting finds. Additionally, we discuss the relevance to current and ongoing work related to updating the dosimetry of the RDW in the MPS, including providing an example of the usefulness of information contained in these records. The RDW cohort provides a unique historical perspective on occupational exposure to radium, making it a valuable dataset for understanding long-term health effects and improving current radiation protection standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the occupational health impacts of ionising radiation exposure among healthcare professionals.","authors":"Rogério Lopes, Pedro Teles, Joana Santos","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/added2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/added2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to low-doses of ionising radiation can induce biological effects in healthcare professionals, such as DNA damage, genotoxic effects, lens opacities, and risk of cancer. This systematic review aims to assess the current status and identify the health impacts of occupational exposure to ionising radiation. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Articles were included only if they specifically addressed the adverse biological effects of ionising radiation on healthcare professionals, particularly in medical applications. Studies published between January 2019 and December 2023 were considered, with sources obtained from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of 345 articles were identified through an extensive literature search, and after the complete text screening, 32 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review. Eleven studies reported significantly higher micronuclei (MN) frequencies in workers exposed to ionising radiation compared to unexposed. The MN studies reviewed found a significant correlation between dose or exposure time and MN frequencies. All studies revealed significantly higher chromosomal aberrations (CA) values when exposed to ionising radiation. The occurrence of lens opacities among interventional physicians varied significantly, with rates ranging from 16% to 47%. This review emphasizes the high occurrence of cataracts, increased cancer risk, and the relevant frequency of MN and CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report from the IRPA task group on awareness of tissue reactions in the eye lens, cardiovascular system and skin.","authors":"Marie Claire Cantone, Colin J Martin, Mercè Ginjaume, Nobuyuki Hamada, Sumi Yokoyama, Jean-Marc Bordy, Lawrence Dauer, Zoe Brady, George McGill, Severino Michelin, Timothy Sebeela, Marc C Okeji, Piotr Pankowski","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/addd2b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/addd2b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Radiation Protection Association established a task group (TG) in 2023 to collect data on knowledge and understanding of tissue reactions involving the eye lens, skin and cardiovascular system among radiation protection practitioners. The aim was to contribute to the sharing of experiences and raise awareness within the radiation protection community about tissue reactions. In 2024, the TG conducted a survey through a questionnaire and this paper provides an analysis and overview of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Chest Wall Thickness Sensitivity on In-Vivo Lung Counting Efficiency in Military-Specific Mesh-Type Computational Phantoms for Warfighter Radiation Triage.","authors":"Yi Wei, Wyatt W Smither, Wesley E Bolch, Shaheen Azim Dewji","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ade261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ade261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In radiological and nuclear emergencies, military personnel and first responders are at elevated risk of internal contamination via inhalation of airborne radionuclides. Rapid in-vivo assessments are required for efficient triage, regulatory compliance, and medical intervention. This study investigates the impact of chest wall thickness (CWT) on lung counting efficiency using military-specific mesh-type human computational phantoms that represent the current standards and anthropomorphic parameters of U.S. members of the military. A NAIS-22 NaI(Tl) scintillation detector was modeled and benchmarked against experimental measurements using polymethyl methacrylate slab phantoms to assess attenuation effects. Monte Carlo simulations in PHITS were employed to characterize lung deposition of radionuclides, with variations in CWT examined across different anthropometric models. Results demonstrated an inverse exponential relationship between CWT and detector peak counting efficiency, with minor deviations in female phantoms due to geometric constraints. These results support improved calibration approaches for in-vivo radiation detection systems and enable more consistent internal contamination assessments across a range of body types during emergency response operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tritium dispersion analysis using HotSpot code: a comparative study across reactor types and environmental conditions.","authors":"Osamong Gideon Akou, Xuan Wang, Shuhuan Liu, Xinwei Liu, Guanghui Su, Ailing Zhang, Junfang Zhang, Minghua Lv, Lei Huang, Shanchao Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adde6b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adde6b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kenya is advancing plans to establish nuclear power plant in its coastal parts to boost its energy production. This study addresses the critical need for tritium monitoring and radiological dose assessment under a severe accident scenario. Tritium (³H), due to its high mobility and biological relevance, presents a key concern in post-accident dispersion, particularly in developing nuclear states with limited baseline data. Using the HotSpot health physics code, we simulated atmospheric dispersion of tritium in molecular (HT), oxidised (HTO), and organically bound (H(M)) isotopes over Kilifi County, Kenya. The model incorporated 2024 site-specific meteorological data, release height and hypothetical containment bypass and loss of coolant accident events across four reactors (heavy water reactors (HWR), pressurised water reactors, boiling water reactors, advanced gas cooled reactor). The highest total effective dose (TED) and ground deposition were9.0×10-1Sv5.0×1010kBq m^-2respectively at a wind velocity of 2 m s^-1, while maximum time-integrated air concentration was5.5×1011Bq.s m^-3, ground contamination extended to 162 km²under low rainfall. Rural terrain yielded higher TED than urban areas, stability class F produced highest dose. The highest target organ committed dose was8.0×10-5Sv, primarily to the lungs. The overall highest dose was recorded in the HWR reactor and exceeded the International Commission on Radiological Protection dose limit of1.0×10-3Sv yr^-1. However, with increasing downwind distance, the dose dropped below this limit. Sensitivity analysis identified wind velocity as the dominant dispersion driver. These results inform emergency planning, exclusion zone design, and regulatory frameworks for nuclear safety in Kenya and other nations exploring nuclear development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-calculation of air kerma to dose-equivalent conversion coefficients for mono-energetic photons.","authors":"Jaroslav Šolc, Paz Avilés Lucas, Luka Bakrač, Rolf Behrens, Alessia Ciccotelli, N Cornejo Díaz, Ana Fernandes, Steffen Ketelhut, Nikola Kržanović, Massimo Pinto, Teemu Siiskonen, Vladimír Sochor, Jiří Tesař, Joonas Tikkanen, Dušan B Topalović, Olivier Van Hoey, Hayo Zutz, Miloš Živanović","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adda56","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adda56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents new calculations of conversion coefficients (CCs) from total air kerma to dose-equivalent quantities<i>H'</i>(0.07),<i>H'</i>(3),<i>H*</i>(10),<i>H</i>_p(0.07),<i>H</i>_p(3), and<i>H</i>_p(10) for area and personal dosimetry for mono-energetic photons in the energy range from 2 keV to 50 MeV, assuming secondary charged particle equilibrium. Calculations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle® (MCNP) code were performed for a large number of photon energies with the aim of preventing errors resulting from possible improper interpolation between currently available sparsely spaced CC values, when an average CC value over a photon fluence spectrum needs to be determined. The CC values were compared with the values published in the ISO 4037-3:2019 standard. A very close agreement was achieved for the majority of CCs. Larger discrepancies were found for some CCs, often for low photon energies or large angles of radiation incidence, which were taken from older publications or when CC values were interpolated or extrapolated. Furthermore, some differences were found in the MeV energy range, which are significant for dosimeter calibrations, e.g. the presented values of CC to<i>H*</i>(10) for the main photon energies of¹³⁷Cs and⁶⁰Co radionuclides are both lower by 2.8%. Finally, it was found that the values of CCs to<i>H</i>_p(0.07;<i>E, α</i>)_slabgiven in ISO 4037-3:2019 were not taken correctly from the source publication. In conclusion, the CC values given in ISO 4037-3:2019 should be updated in view of the results obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note on the rule-of-thumb equation for the external dose rate from a point gamma source.","authors":"Ralph Whitcher","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The value of the constant in the rule-of-thumb equation for estimating external dose rates from gamma and x-ray radiations emitted by a point radionuclide source is re-evaluated, suggesting a value of 7 is the best choice where the photon energy spectrum mostly falls mostly between 0.05 and 2.0 MeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a military-specific mesh-type computational phantom library and its application to internal dosimetry and in-field radiological triage screening.","authors":"Wyatt W Smither, Yitian Wang, Chansoo Choi, Robert J Dawson, Yi Wei, Shaheen Azim Dewji, David Hooper, Wesley E Bolch","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/added1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/added1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Estimates of organ-absorbed and committed doses to individuals exposed to radioactive materials via acute inhalation often rely on internal dose coefficients and detector responses from reference human computational models. To achieve more accurate dose assessments to United States Armed Forces service members exposed in-field, computational models with varying morphometric parameters representative of this population are necessary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 145 provides detailed mesh reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) for adult males and females, with morphometric parameters matched to the 50th percentile. Previously, these phantoms were 2D and 3D scaled to match desired height, mass, and secondary anthropomorphic parameters in the creation of the UF/MSK computational phantom library. To achieve body fat percentage targets required for accession into the US Armed Forces, muscle and fat volumes were adjusted accordingly, thus, creating the UF/DoD computational phantom library presented in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A comprehensive library of mesh-type computational human phantoms was created, including 57 adult males and 49 adult females with morphometric parameters aligned with United States Armed Forces service members. Phantoms were restricted to a body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 27.5, with body fat percentages below 26% for males and 36% for females. Specific absorbed fractions were computed for selected source and target combinations, demonstrating how variations in height and body mass influence energy absorption in target regions relative to the ICRP MRCPs. Radiation detector responses were also computed, revealing that higher body masses resulted in decreased registered counts in the detection volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of incorporating morphometric variability in computational phantoms to achieve more accurate dose assessments and radiation detection responses for United States Armed Forces service members who inhale radioactive materials in-field. &#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of secondary neutron distribution around the synchrotron in an ion therapy centre.","authors":"Liuyu Cui, Weihai Zhuo, Ning Li, Zhou Yuan, Xiaowa Wang, Bo Chen","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/add89b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary neutrons produced in ion therapy facilities pose unwanted radiation risks to both patients and occupational operators. In this study, dual-channel neutron detectors based on CR-39 were employed to measure the intensity distribution of secondary fast and thermal neutrons around an ion therapy accelerator. The capability of the detectors to detect fast and thermal neutrons was validated through calculations. The detectors were placed at 44 different locations in the accelerator room. After continuous irradiation for 39 d, the neutron distribution map was obtained using inverse distance weighting interpolation algorithm based on the discrete measured results. The findings revealed distinct differences in the distribution patterns of fast and thermal neutrons. An analysis of the neutron distribution and main beam loss locations showed that the beam dump was the dominant source of secondary neutrons. Additionally, a comparison with the results of prior research indicated a strong correlation between thermal neutron distribution and induced radioactivity production. This study highlights the importance of considering the distinct characteristics of fast and thermal neutrons in shielding design and offers practical insights for the safe operation of ion therapy facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}