Journal of Radiological Protection最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: Thorium ore dust research applicable to mineral sands industry workers (2025<i>J. Radiol. Prot</i>.45 011502).","authors":"G S Hewson, M I Ralph, M Cattani","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae03c9","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae03c9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated experimental and FLUKA simulation for enhanced radiation safety in open-ceiling radiographic testing facilities.","authors":"Sung-Hoe Heo, Jaewoong Kim, Du-Song Kim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiographic testing (RT) is a critical non-destructive testing method for ensuring the structural integrity of pipe welds through quantitative detection of internal defects. However, radiation safety concerns often lead to overly conservative regulatory restrictions, particularly affecting open-ceiling radiographic facilities through excessive limitations on irradiation direction and shielding, thereby reducing productivity. This study conducted quantitative analyses and on-site radiation measurements under varying irradiation angles and shielding conditions in an open-ceiling RT facility located within a pipe fabrication workshop. Radiation dose distributions were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations with the FLUKA code, and results were validated against experimental measurements through relative error analysis. Under the most stringent upward irradiation condition, compliance with the public dose rate limit of 1<i>µ</i>Sv h^-1was successfully achieved using a tungsten collimator and minimal lead shielding. These results underscore the importance of adopting scientifically justified evaluation frameworks for radiation safety in non-enclosed RT facilities. The proposed approach demonstrates that achieving both radiation safety and operational flexibility is feasible without requiring fully enclosed shielding structures, thereby significantly enhancing inspection efficiency and industrial productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of mean glandular dose using breast-equivalent phantoms: a foundational study for regional DRL formulation in mammography in India.","authors":"Saravana Kumar Adhimoolam, Sudhir Kumar, K N Govindarajan, S Prasanna, Thangavel Manojkumar, Balvinder Kaur Sapra","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a4","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this foundational study is to support the development of regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for mammography screening in India by estimating mean glandular dose (MGD) using appropriate breast-equivalent phantoms across computed mammography (CR), digital mammography (DR), and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems. Additionally, system-displayed MGD values were compared with calculated MGD values to evaluate their accuracy for routine clinical use. A total of 5000 mammographic views were collected across CR, DR, and DBT units. For each unit and phantom thickness, ten entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) measurements were performed under clinical settings using a calibrated solid-state dosimeter (AccuGold+, Radcal, USA). Breast-equivalent slab phantoms (Sun Nuclear, USA), ranging from 30 mm to 90 mm, were used to simulate varying glandular compositions. Standard American College of Radiology and DBT phantoms were employed to ensure consistent imaging conditions. MGDs were derived from ESAK values using IAEA recommended conversion factors. For DR and DBT systems, calculated MGDs were compared with system displayed values. The 75th percentile MGDs for each phantom thickness were used to propose regional DRLs, in line with ICRP Publication 135 and IAEA Human Health Report No. 77. At the standard 60 mm compressed breast thickness, the 75th percentile MGDs were found to be 2.58 ± 0.38 mGy (CR), 1.68 ± 0.86 mGy (DR), and 2.66 ± 0.78 mGy (DBT). System-displayed MGDs in DR and DBT were observed to be 13%-17% higher than calculated values. This study presents a scalable, reproducible framework for establishing regional, thickness-specific DRLs in India, supporting dose optimisation and quality assurance in mammography practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of actinides in wound swabs by the measurement of spontaneously emitted characteristic x-rays.","authors":"Yudai Ogawa, Ukyou Yanagisawa, Hui Wang, Tsugufumi Matsuyama, Yasuhiro Sakai, Tatsuya Asai, Hiroshi Yoshii","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae02a0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the event of an accident at a nuclear fuel handling facility, the wounds of the affected workers may be contaminated with actinides such as uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium. The accidental absorption of actinides from wounds can lead to a significant degree of internal radiation exposure, which can be hazardous to the human body. Although the current approach for identifying actinide contamination is based on the detection of<i>α</i>-particles, the applicability of this approach is reduced for wound contamination due to the<i>α</i>-particles being easily shielded by various components of bodily fluid. Many actinide nuclides spontaneously emit characteristic x-rays during internal conversion after nuclear decay. X-rays are more penetrating than<i>α</i>-particles and may be easily detected even in the presence of blood. Thus, in the current study, the effects of blood on the measurement of<i>α</i>-particles and spontaneously emitted characteristic x-rays were evaluated using model wound swab samples containing human blood along with²⁴¹Am, which exhibits a high emission rate of characteristic x-rays. Unlike in<i>α</i>-particle measurements, no blood effects were observed during the measurement of spontaneously emitted characteristic x-rays. Additionally, blood-free x-ray measurements were performed using model wound swab samples containing²⁴¹Am along with²³⁹Pu +²⁴⁰Pu, which are important nuclides when considering internal exposure to actinides. In the measured spectra, signals derived from plutonium and americium were separated by peak fitting, and the detection limit of plutonium was estimated to be ∼18.8 Bq during a 300 s measurement. Notably, no previously reported methods can detect plutonium in wound swabs with such sensitivity and accuracy without pretreatment. Moreover, the developed approach allows detection using a palm-sized device, thereby reflecting a clear advantage in terms of portability and compactness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of follow-up record grouping on radiation epidemiology studies.","authors":"Daniel D Eckerberg, Linda Walsh, Amir A Bahadori","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adfd69","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adfd69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the age of chronic, low-dose radiation exposure studies, it is imperative that cohorts are large enough to detect radiation-associated health outcomes with precision. To accommodate increased subject numbers, statistical software capabilities have recently expanded to support datasets with over 50 million person-years (rows) of data. Previously, to perform Cox proportional hazards regression on large datasets, analysts grouped annual dose records into uniform intervals. This method enabled analyses of pooled cohorts larger than possible with traditional radiation epidemiology software. However, combining records within a dataset may mask important time dynamics, especially for individuals with a limited number of annual records. In this work, a prominent cohort from the Million Person Study is analysed with and without person-year grouping. Changes in risk estimates are reported for a variety of person-year group sizes, grouping methods, and health outcomes. These comparisons inform the efficacy of the previously used dataset size-reduction method while highlighting the benefits of recent advancements in epidemiology software.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital phantom versus individualised radiation dosimetry in CT examination protocols for children and adults.","authors":"Antonios E Papadakis, Apostolos Karantanas, John Damilakis","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adf974","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adf974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the organ doses estimated through individual model-based and digital phantom-based Monte Carlo (MC) methods in radiation treatment plan-oriented computed tomography (CT) examination protocols. Six physical anthropomorphic phantoms that simulate the average paediatric individual as a neonate, 1-year-old, 5-year-old or 10-year-old child and the average male or female adult individual were used. Organ dose was assessed using two MC-powered dosimetry tools: an individual model-based tool (ImpactMC, CT Imaging GmbH, Germany) and a digital phantom-based dosimetry tool (NCICT, National Cancer Institute, USA). Normalised to volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol) organ dose (<i>n</i>OD) was assessed for primarily exposed radiosensitive organs using head, thorax and abdomen/pelvis CT examination protocols intended for radiation treatment plans.<i>n</i>OD were compared with measurements performed using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and physical anthropomorphic phantoms. The average per cent differences between ImpactMC and TLD measurements across all organs and phantoms were 8%, 20% and 16% for head, thorax and abdomen/pelvis, respectively, whereas the corresponding differences between NCICT and TLD measurements were 64%, 48% and 34%. The differences between estimated and measured normalised organ dose values were higher in paediatric than adult phantoms. Compared with NCICT, organ doses estimated with ImpactMC were in closer agreement with TLD measurements: this is due to the methodology employed by ImpactMC to create phantoms that mimic the anatomical characteristics of the examined patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of patients' awareness of the significance of X-ray warning signs in Nigerian tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Benjamin Ikemefuna Ude, Abigail Amarachi Mba, Ikechukwu Emmanuel Onwunta, Kingsley Chukwudindu Ngaokere, Justice Chukwuebuka Onah, Henry Tobechukwu Okpo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae01b1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae01b1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-rays play a crucial role in modern medical practice, enabling more accurate diagnoses of diseases and injuries. However, despite its clinical significance, X-rays have been associated with potentially harmful biological effects if not properly managed; hence, the need for radiation optimisation and adherence to safety protocols. This study evaluates patients' awareness of the significance of X-ray warning signs, their understanding of the signs used, and their knowledge of the effects of radiation on biological cells. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2025 at the radiology departments of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu in Enugu, Nigeria. Well-structured questionnaires consisting of 20 questions and three sections were adopted. Data was analysed using the Chi-square test and descriptive statistics, with statistical significance set at<i>p</i>< 0.05. 186 questionnaires were received and analysed, and the gender distribution was equal (50% male, 50% female). While the majority of participants have not been educated on the significance of X-ray warning signs, 30.1% are unaware of their existence. The majority (57.5%) of the participants reported no difficulty understanding the X-ray warning light, signal/signs, and 32.8% did not obey the warning signs observed. Patients in the studied hospitalslack proper enlightenment on the significance of X-ray warning signs. This highlights the need for hospitals to initiate a laid-down policy to educate patients on radiation safety protocols, and ultimately prevent accidental radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The linear no-threshold model in radiation protection-the view of the German Federal Office for radiation protection.","authors":"Maria Schnelzer, Peter Scholz-Kreisel, Simone Mörtl, Werner Rühm, Michaela Kreuzer, Bastian Breustedt, Florian Gering, Udo Gerstmann, Achim Neuhäuser, Florian Rauser, Inge Paulini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae0136","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/ae0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Does ionising radiation increase the risk of cancer even at low doses? If so, what is the magnitude of risk at these low doses? This knowledge is a central component of radiation protection. In general, radiation protection relies on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, which is based on scientific findings. According to the LNT model, the radiation-related risk of cancer decreases proportionally with radiation dose and this applies even down to very low radiation doses. The model provides a straightforward and practical description of the relationship between a radiation dose and the resulting risk of cancer. These assumptions align with the latest radiobiological and radiation epidemiological findings. Therefore, and because of its simplicity, the model is used in radiation protection (e.g. for setting dose limits). The LNT model offers a plausible basis for prudent decision- making in radiation protection. However, it does not represent a universally valid description of the relationship between ionising radiation and specific biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis. This memorandum summarises the position of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Germany, on the use of the LNT model in radiation protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External radiation spatial distribution and safety assessment of yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective hepatic radioembolisation therapy.","authors":"Yiqian Liang, Zhuopu Wang, Hui Xu, Wen Wang, Nini Wang, Yuan Wang, Aimin Yang, Guang Hu, Huasi Hu, Jianjun Xue","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adfdf0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6498/adfdf0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of external radiation dose rates in patients treated with yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) resin microspheres and evaluated the potential radiation exposure to other individuals. External radiation dose rates from 15 patients were measured following therapy. A curve fit was performed using MATLAB to verify adherence to the inverse square law. The association between dose rate and administered activity or body mass index (BMI)-adjusted administered activity was analysed using linear regression and correlation. The equations were fitted to predict the dose rate based on the administered activity and BMI. Total radiation doses to exposed individuals were estimated based on interaction patterns. The average dose rates were 84.1<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at contact, decreasing to 8.0<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at 0.3 m, 4.2<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at 0.5 m, 1.7<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at 1 m, and 0.7<i>μ</i>Sv h^-1at 2 m. Beyond 0.5 m, the dose rate varied inversely with the square of the distance, allowing the patient to be treated as a point source. The BMI-adjusted administered activity displayed better correlation with dose rates than administered activity alone, suggesting the dose rate was influenced by varying levels of attenuation by the patient's abdomen. The equations for estimating the spatial distribution of the initial dose rate were fitted using administered activity/BMI²as a patient-specific parameter. Moreover, the estimated total radiation doses to exposed family members and clinical staff in this study were well below the dosage constraints. However, when discharged at 6 h after treatment or hospitalised for 5 d, the estimated total radiation doses to coworkers or wardmates from a patient administered at 3.06 GBq exceeded the 0.1 mSv public dose constraint. Dose rate measurements and individualised radiation protection protocols are essential for patients receiving more than 3 GBq⁹⁰Y microspheres. The proposed formulas for dose rate spatial distribution estimation may simplify clinical monitoring and help guide personalised protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of radiation doses and the impact of operator variability on radiation exposure in fluoroscopy-guided procedures: insights from Sri Lanka.","authors":"H Gunawardena, M Nissanka, D M Satharasinghe, S Viswakula, M Varatharajan, A Abeyweera, E Ganewatte, T Pathmathas, M Jayakody, R Padovani, J Jeyasugiththan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6498/adfdf1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/adfdf1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroscopy-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures often result in higher radiation exposure compared to other imaging techniques. This study evaluated radiation doses and the effect of operator variability in such procedures, aiming to enhance patient safety by minimizing exposure through the establishment of National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRLs). Data on air kerma area product (<i>P</i>_KA), cumulative air kerma (<i>K</i>a,r), and fluoroscopy time were retrospectively collected from 11 hospitals, totaling 6670 cases. NDRLs were determined as the third quartile of the median dose distributions for five commonly performed procedures, while tentative Diagnostic Reference Levels were proposed for others using the 75th percentile of available data. The analysis also assessed the influence of operators on radiation doses. The proposed NDRLs for coronary angiogram (CA), lower extremity angioplasty (single leg), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI-single stent), CA + PCI (single stent), and barium swallow procedures were 16, 54, 26, 58, and 20 Gy·cm²for the<i>P</i>_KAdose estimator, respectively. Notable variability in radiation doses was observed across operators, with cardiologist having a more significant impact, particularly in complex procedures like PCI. However, the complexity of the procedures was not considered, making the assessment of operator variability challenging given the fact that more complex cases may inherently require higher radiation exposure. The findings highlight the importance of establishing and adhering to DRLs, as the absence of such benchmarks may contribute to elevated radiation doses, particularly in complex fluoroscopy guided interventions like transarterial chemoembolization and cerebrovascular embolization. By addressing the observed variability in radiation doses, particularly those influenced by operator practices, NDRLs can guide the refinement of procedural protocols, promote consistency across institutions, and ultimately enhance patient safety by minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":50068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiological Protection","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}