Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Application of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines for Treatment Prescription in Dogs With Acute Kidney Injury and Outcome Prediction","authors":"Hilli Raskansky,&nbsp;Yaron Bruchim,&nbsp;Ran Nivy","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is routinely used in human patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) but studies in dogs are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe CRRT in dogs and assess the utility of a previously validated scoring system for dogs with AKI undergoing hemodialysis, and the Acute Patient Physiological and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE_Full/APPLE_Fast) scores, for outcome prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty, client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic scores were calculated upon admission and before CRRT initiation. The CRRT effluent dose followed the KDIGO guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCC) were constructed to evaluate the prognostic utility of these scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (IQR) serum creatinine (mg/dL) at CRRT initiation, at discharge, and 3 months after discharge were 9.4 (7.4), 3.4 (1), and 1.3 (0.3) respectively. Median (IQR) treatment duration and total number of treatments were 24 (18.5) h and 2 (2) treatments, respectively. The prescribed median (IQR) CRRT effluent dose was 29 (18.5) mL/kg/h. Median (IQR) overall time-average concentration for urea and creatinine were 92 (60) mg/dL and 3.7 (1.7) mg/dL, respectively. The normalized weekly median (IQR) standardized Kt/V was 2.41 (2.29). Eleven dogs (3%) survived to discharge/3-months after treatment. Areas under the ROCC for the APPLE_Full/APPLE_Fast scores before CRRT initiation were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81–1.00), respectively. Optimal cutoff points were &lt; 35 for the APPLE_Full and &lt; 23 for the APPLE_Fast, yielding sensitivities/specificities of 100% (95% CI, 74.12%–100.0%)/94.7% (95% CI, 75.36%–99.73%) and 90.9% (95% CI, 62.26%–99.53%)/78.95% (95% CI, 56.67%–91.49%), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The APPLE scores, unlike clinicopathological findings or the Segev score, proved to be a highly discriminatory prognostic tool. Additionally, the human-derived, KDIGO guideline-based CRRT protocol proved safe and efficacious in dogs undergoing CRRT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial and Renal Renin–Angiotensin System Enzyme Activity in Dogs","authors":"Emma C. Weitzhandler,&nbsp;Marisa K. Ames,&nbsp;Machelle D. Wilson,&nbsp;Oliver Domenig","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methods to quantify the activity of the tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate myocardial and renal RAS enzyme activity in postmortem tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Convenience sample of 15 purpose-bred laboratory dogs with experimental heartworm infection (Group 1) euthanized as part of an unrelated study and 22 client-owned dogs which died or were euthanized for any reason (Group 2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study where myocardial and renal tissue samples were frozen within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or during routine necropsy exam (Group 2). Homogenized tissues were incubated with spiked angiotensin I or II (AngII) under control and inhibitor conditions to assess relative enzyme contributions to AngII or angiotensin 1–7 formation. Freezing was delayed (2- or 7-h in Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in paired samples, to evaluate the effect of time to freezing on RAS enzyme activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were harvested within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or a median of 21.9 h after death or euthanasia (Group 2). RAS enzymes were active in all samples. The median contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to AngII formation was greater than 88% in all tissues. The 90% confidence limits of the geometric mean of the ratio of the angiotensin production of paired samples in 10/14 (Group 1) and 16/19 (Group 2) experiments met equivalence requirements (lower bound &gt; 0.8 and upper bound &lt; 1.2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renin–angiotensin system enzymes are present and active in canine myocardial and renal tissues for greater than 24 h postmortem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Subjective Assessment of Right Heart Size and Function Using Standard 2D-Echocardiographic Recordings in Horses With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension","authors":"Julia N. van Spijk,&nbsp;Hannah K. Junge,&nbsp;Christina Eberhardt,&nbsp;Natalie Wolf,&nbsp;Debora Vogt,&nbsp;Paula Zscherpe,&nbsp;Elena Herger,&nbsp;Manon Straub,&nbsp;Colin C. Schwarzwald","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Echocardiographic evaluation of right heart (RH) size and function in horses is challenging and relies on subjective assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate inter- and intra-rater agreement of subjective assessment of RH size, RH function, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in horses. Assess subjective RH changes with and without PHT and the influence of observer experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy horses (<i>n</i> = 30) and horses with Doppler measurements suggesting the presence or absence of PHT (<i>n</i> = 30 each).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine standard echocardiographic recordings were analyzed by experienced (<i>n</i> = 4) and inexperienced (<i>n</i> = 5) observers. RH size, RH function, pulmonary artery (PA) size and distensibility, and the presence of PHT were subjectively assessed as normal, mildly, moderately, or severely changed. Inter- and intra-rater agreement was calculated using percentual agreement (% agree) and kappa (<i>k</i>). Sensitivity and specificity to detect PHT were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall inter-rater agreement in all observers was low with 61% perfect agreement and <i>k</i> of 0.21; it was higher in experienced observers (<i>k</i> = 0.34, 77% agree) than in beginners (<i>k</i> = 0.18, 52% agree). Intra-rater agreement showed % agree &gt; 80% in experienced observers (<i>k</i> = 0.35–0.76) and &lt; 80% in beginners (<i>k</i> = 0.33–0.54). RH size and function were more commonly abnormal in the PHT group, with high specificity but low sensitivity to detect PHT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rater agreement of subjective RH assessment was low and influenced by observer experience. Subjective absence of RH changes does not allow ruling out PHT, while the presence of characteristic RH changes suggests PHT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case–Control Investigation of Association of Clinician-Determined Variables With Progressive Myelomalacia After Acute Thoracolumbar Disc Extrusion in Dogs","authors":"Eileen Donoghue,&nbsp;Joe Mankin,&nbsp;Nick Jeffery","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliable identification of clinician-controlled factors that increase the risk of progressive myelomalacia after acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion could aid in decreasing its occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Examination of possible risk factors for the development of progressive myelomalacia in a susceptible sample population of adequate size to achieve sufficient power to re-evaluate previously reported associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 244 dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion presented to a single neurology clinic with absent pain perception in the hindquarters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case–control study analyzing the association of exposure to putative risk factors with the development of progressive myelomalacia within 14 days of decompressive surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with any of the clinician-controlled factors examined, including surgical timing and duration, peri-operative anti-inflammatory medications, or variations in intra-operative blood pressure. Some evidence supported previous associations of progressive myelomalacia with disc extrusion in the lumbar intumescence and with French bulldog breed, but study power was insufficient to confirm these associations. Unneutered dogs, notably males, had increased incidence in this sample, but this finding might be unreliable because of unknown, likely low, study power.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with factors that can be controlled by clinicians and that were investigated in our study. It will be necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to decrease the occurrence of progressive myelomalacia. The possibility that unneutered dogs are at higher risk requires repeated investigation in another sample population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of a Modified Penlight-Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease","authors":"Alice Chan,&nbsp;Gemma E. Longson,&nbsp;Edward Ives,&nbsp;Claire Turner,&nbsp;Paul Freeman,&nbsp;Stacey Brady,&nbsp;Ana Martinez Loro,&nbsp;Bruno Scalia,&nbsp;Susana Monforte Monteiro,&nbsp;Sara Formoso,&nbsp;Sam Khan,&nbsp;An E. Vanhaesebrouck","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in veterinary medicine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Removal of visual input will reveal or enhance nystagmus in animals with peripheral vestibular disease, while animals with central vestibular disease would show little change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one dogs and cats with peripheral vestibular lesions and 16 with central vestibular lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective study was conducted using a modified penlight-cover test. Because animals cannot be easily instructed to fixate on a visual target, removal of visual input was used as a substitute for eliminating visual fixation, based on the assumption that visual fixation also occurs spontaneously. A 0.5-W LED penlight was shined into one eye while covering the other to eliminate visual input. Nystagmus beat frequency (BF) and subjective evaluation of slow phase velocity (SPV) were recorded before and during penlight application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In animals with peripheral lesions, BF increased in 33% and SPV in 24% of cases after removal of visual input. Among those with central lesions, only one of 16 showed an increase in BF, and none exhibited an increase in SPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When used alongside the neurological examination, the modified penlight-cover test, could raise suspicion of a peripheral vestibular lesion if it reveals increased BF or SPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial Comparing Prednisolone and Cyclosporine With a Nonrandomized Active Control for Treating Presumed Chronic Pancreatitis in Cats","authors":"Yu-An Wu,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Lidbury,&nbsp;Samiran Sinha,&nbsp;Jörg M. Steiner","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current management for chronic pancreatitis in cats is largely symptomatic. Anecdotal reports suggest that immunomodulatory treatment can be helpful in some cases, but limited data is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compare the effects of symptomatic treatments alone, an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone, or modified cyclosporine on serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) concentration and clinical activity index (CAI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight client-owned cats with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis were managed on an outpatient basis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three-week randomized open-label trial with a nonrandomized active control. Owners elected to join either the control or the treatment group; cats enrolled in the treatment group were randomized to receive either prednisolone or cyclosporine. Serum fPLI concentration and clinical signs were recorded at baseline and on Days 10 and 21.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average decrease in serum fPLI concentration was 13.0 μg/L (95% CI, −23.9 to −0.9 μg/L) larger for the cyclosporine group (<i>n</i> = 17) than for the control group (<i>n</i> = 16) and 27.6 μg/L (95% CI, −41.2 to −11.4 μg/L) larger than for the prednisolone group (<i>n</i> = 15). The average decrease in CAI was 1.9 points (95% CI, −2.7 to −1.2) larger for the prednisolone group than for the control group and 1.2 points (95% CI, −2.1 to −0.4) larger than for the cyclosporine group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over a 3-week treatment period, cats with presumed chronic pancreatitis that received cyclosporine had a larger decrease in serum fPLI concentration compared with cats that were treated with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone or cats that received only symptomatic treatments. However, clinical improvement was more apparent with prednisolone, but not cyclosporine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenazopyridine in Goats With Obstructive Urolithiasis","authors":"Sienna L. Mitman,&nbsp;Danielle A. Mzyk,&nbsp;Blanca E. Camacho,&nbsp;R. McAlister Council-Troche,&nbsp;Jennifer Davis,&nbsp;Derek M. Foster,&nbsp;Jennifer Halleran","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenazopyridine is used for ancillary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstructive urolithiasis. However, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in goats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenazopyridine after oral administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis after tube cystostomy surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six male goats, ages 3 months to 4 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, observational study. Goats presenting to a veterinary institution diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis underwent a tube cystostomy surgery. After surgery, phenazopyridine (4 mg/kg PO q12h) was administered. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined intervals, and the concentration of phenazopyridine and clinically relevant metabolites was determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The harmonic mean terminal elimination plasma half-life (<i>T</i>_1/2), geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i>_max), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.5 h (0.22–1.57 h), 263.4 ng/mL (137.35–1047.88 ng/mL), and 0.69 h*ng/mL (0.10–2.99 h*ng/mL), respectively for phenazopyridine. The concentration of phenazopyridine in urine samples was below the limit of assay detection (1.5 ng/mL) in all but one sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenazopyridine was rapidly eliminated from plasma and did not concentrate at detectable levels in the urine after oral administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Assessment of QT Apex in Tumor-Bearing Dogs Receiving Doxorubicin Monotherapy","authors":"Keita Kitagawa,&nbsp;Jacob Ryave,&nbsp;Robert A. Sanders,&nbsp;Ji-Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Zhongyue Zhang,&nbsp;Paulo Vilar Saavedra","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cardiac morphologic and functional derangements induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are referred to as DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DOX-IC). Prolongation of the QT apex (QTa) has been identified as a potential marker for the early detection of DOX-IC in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe changes in QTa that occur in dogs with cancer undergoing DOX monotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive analysis of data routinely recorded as part of case management of dogs with cancer. Dogs included in the study had a confirmed malignant neoplasm, received DOX as a monotherapy, and had at least 4 ECGs &gt; 30 s. All ECGs included in the study were recorded before DOX administration. Five heartbeats with a stable signal and minimal artifact were randomly selected from each dog, and the QTa was blindly evaluated in lead II, lead III, or both. Subsequently, a linear mixed model was used to quantify the effect of a cumulative dose of DOX on the QTa interval, adjusting for the effect of the other clinical variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 39/45 received five DOX treatments and 26/45 received six DOX treatments. For ECG analysis, 234 ECGs were evaluated for changes in the QTa. The average cumulative dose of DOX was 154.1 mg/m². There was no significant impact of the DOX treatments on the change in QTa (<i>p</i> = 0.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Administration of DOX up to a cumulative dose of 154.1 mg/m² does not result in QTa prolongation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esophageal Candidiasis in Two Dogs With Megaesophagus: A Case Report","authors":"Katie L. Anderson,&nbsp;Karen M. Tefft","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Esophageal candidiasis is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis in human patients, but to date, this disease has not been reported in companion animals. A 16-month-old male intact King Shepherd dog and a 2-year-old female spayed German Shepherd dog were presented for evaluation of chronic regurgitation with diffuse megaesophagus identified on thoracic radiographs. In both cases, esophagoscopy disclosed diffuse, white fungal plaques, and brush cytology showed severe esophagitis with numerous yeast structures. Fungal cultures in both cases were positive for <i>Candida albicans</i>. The dogs were treated with fluconazole, which led to improvement or resolution of esophageal candidiasis. Esophagoscopy to evaluate for candidiasis should be considered in dogs with megaesophagus that either fail to improve on medical management or suffer an exacerbation of previously controlled signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotropic Disease in a Miniature Donkey: A Case Report","authors":"Carla K. Enriquez,&nbsp;Alicia E. Long,&nbsp;Cristobal Navas de Solis,&nbsp;Perry L. Habecker,&nbsp;Rose Nolen-Walston","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 21-year-old miniature donkey gelding was evaluated for pruritus, inappetence, hypertriglyceridemia, and alopecia of 2 weeks' duration. Hematology showed moderate eosinophilia, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and moderately increased liver enzyme activities. Cytologic evaluation of peritoneal fluid identified an eosinophilic transudate. The donkey was treated with antihistamines, anthelmintics, IV fluids with dextrose as a constant rate infusion, and insulin. The miniature donkey was euthanized because of the development of laminitis. Lesions associated with multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) were identified at necropsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}