Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Macroscopic and histopathological description of gastric lesions in horse, donkey, and mule fetuses in the last trimester of gestation","authors":"Angie Lorena Medina-Bolívar,&nbsp;Rafael Resende Faleiros,&nbsp;José Ramon Martínez-Aranzales","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited information is available on gastric diseases in neonatal foals as compared with extensive studies in young, adult, and geriatric horses. Reports on fetuses are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess at necropsy stomachs of horse, donkey and mule fetuses in the third trimester of gestation to characterize lesions present during intrauterine life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-six fetal stomachs from both sexes (21 horses, 21 donkeys, and 4 mules) in the third trimester of gestation were collected from a processing plant immediately after slaughter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measurements of longitudinal and transverse axes, weight and volume and gastric fluid pH were taken, and glandular and squamous mucosae were inspected. All findings of the gastric mucosa and measurements of the stomachs were presented descriptively. Groups were compared statistically, with significance level set at <i>P</i> &lt; .05 for all evaluations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All gastric contents had pH &gt;5.8, and mules had larger stomachs and higher weights compared with horses (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). Macroscopic lesions were classified as hyperemic, punctate, and erosive. Histopathologically, lesions were consistent with a chronic inflammatory process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides evidence of macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the gastric mucosae of equid fetuses in the last trimester of gestation. Relevant information for perinatology and neonatology is provided regarding the prevalence and classification of preulcerous lesions in equids before birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3288-3296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking simplicity, navigating complexity: How veterinarians select an antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals","authors":"Ri O. Scarborough,&nbsp;Kirsten E. Bailey,&nbsp;Anna Ellen Sri,&nbsp;Glenn Francis Browning,&nbsp;Laura Y. Hardefeldt","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimizing harm from antimicrobials requires use of the narrowest spectrum drug, at an effective dose for the minimum effective duration. Many prescribers are not currently following these guidelines. To address suboptimal antimicrobial use, the underlying reasons must be understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify factors influencing choices of antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Subjects</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two veterinarians treating companion animals in Australia. Diversity of participants was deliberately sought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semistructured interviews were conducted online. Two case studies were discussed, and then a range of broader questions was posed. Transcripts were analyzed thematically, using an inductive approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few participants chose guideline-concordant management for the case studies. Prescribing choices were influenced by a complex array of factors associated with the clinical case, pet owner, drug, veterinarian, veterinary colleagues, and external factors. Key factors driving broad-spectrum antimicrobial use included a sense of safety, habit, ease of administering the drug (especially in cats), pharmaceutical marketing, and the self-perpetuating dispensary cycle. Many participants were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, but insufficiently informed about how to minimize this risk. Several participants believed that longer duration of treatment and ensuring patients finish a predetermined course would decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance and improve clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinarians are engaged with the concept of antimicrobial stewardship, but face numerous practical barriers and require more information. In particular, improved education is needed on enhancing patient safety by minimizing both spectrum of activity and duration of treatment, and dispelling myths about “finishing the course.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3215-3234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of measuring markers of lipid metabolism in horses during an oral glucose test","authors":"Claire H. K. Zemek,&nbsp;Kate L. Kemp,&nbsp;François-René Bertin","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characterizing the lipid response to an oral glucose test (OGT) might improve our understanding of Equine Metabolic Syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the effects of an OGT on lipid metabolism and determine the value of measuring triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in hyperinsulinemic (HI) and insulin-resistant (IR) horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty horses including 7 HI-IR horses, 4 HI-non-IR horses, and 9 non-HI-non-IR horses (control).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional design. Horses underwent an OGT, with blood samples collected at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, and NEFA concentrations were measured and compared over time and between groups, with <i>P</i> &lt; .05 considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all horses, the OGT had a significant effect on triglyceride concentrations (median [interquartile range]: .35 [.30-.50] mmol/L at 0 minute vs .25 [.21-.37] mmol/L at 120 minutes, <i>P</i> = .005) and on NEFA concentrations (.1 [.1-.2] mEq/L at 0 minute vs .05 [.05-.1] mEq/L at 120 minutes, <i>P</i> = .0009). However, horses with HI and IR had higher triglyceride areas under the curve (AUC, 79.46 ± 46.59 vs 33.32 ± 6.75 mmol/L*min, <i>P</i> = .01) as well as NEFA AUC (9.1 ± 2.9 vs 6.0 ± 6.8 mEq/L*min, <i>P</i> = .03) than control horses. No significant difference was detected between control and HI non-IR horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determining triglyceride and NEFA concentrations might help assess tissue insulin resistance during an OGT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3309-3314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a live Escherichia coli biotherapeutic product (asymptomatic bacteriuria E. coli 212)","authors":"Gilad Segev,&nbsp;Hilla Chen,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Dear,&nbsp;Beatriz Martínez López,&nbsp;Jully Pires,&nbsp;David J. Klumpp,&nbsp;Anthony J. Schaeffer,&nbsp;Jodi L. Westropp","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recurrent bacterial cystitis, often referred to as recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), can be difficult to manage and alternative treatments are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intravesicular administration of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) <i>E. coli</i> 212 will not be inferior to antimicrobial treatment for the management of recurrent UTI in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four dogs with &gt;1 UTI in the 12 months before presentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All dogs were deemed normal otherwise based on absence of abnormalities on physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical panel, and abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: Group 1 antimicrobials for 7 days or group 2 intravesicular administration of ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212. Owners were provided a voiding questionnaire regarding their dogs' clinical signs, which was completed daily for 14 days to assess clinical cure. Dogs were examined on days 7 and 14 to assess clinical cure, and urine specimens were submitted for urinalysis and bacterial culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical cure rates for ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212–treated dogs were not inferior to 7 days of antimicrobial treatment with a 12% margin of difference to determine non-inferiority. No significant difference was found between the treatment groups on days 7 and 14 in the proportion of dogs achieving ≥50% or ≥75% reduction in their clinical score compared with baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data suggest that intravesicular administration of ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212 is not inferior to antimicrobials for the treatment of recurrent UTI in dogs. This biotherapeutic agent could help alleviate the need for antimicrobials for some dogs with recurrent UTI, improving antimicrobial stewardship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2548-2555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial glycocalyx degradation in critically ill foals","authors":"Diego E. Gomez,&nbsp;Ahmed Kamr,&nbsp;William F. Gilsenan,&nbsp;Teresa A. Burns,&nbsp;M. C. Mudge,&nbsp;Laura D. Hostnik,&nbsp;Ramiro E. Toribio","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17196","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) degradation occurs in septic humans and EG products can be used as biomarkers of endothelial injury. Information about EG biomarkers and their association with disease severity is lacking in hospitalized foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measure serum syndecan-1 (SDC-1), heparan sulfate (HS), angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), aldosterone (ALD), and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations and to determine their association with disease severity and death in hospitalized foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety foals ≤3 days old.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study. Foals were categorized into hospitalized (n = 74; 55 septic; 19 sick nonseptic) and 16 healthy foals. Serum ([SDC-1], [HS], [ANG-2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were measured over 72 hours using immunoassays.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum ([SDC-1], [HS], [ANG-2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized and septic than healthy foals (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). Serum (ANG-2) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized nonsurvivors than in survivors (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). On admission, hospitalized foals with serum (HS) &gt; 58.7 ng/mL had higher odds of nonsurvival (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-36.7). Plasma (ANP) &gt;11.5 pg/mL was associated with the likelihood of nonsurvival in hospitalized foals (OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 1.4-37.4; <i>P</i> &lt; .05). Septic foals with serum (ANG-2) &gt;1018 pg/mL on admission had higher odds of nonsurvival (OR = 6.5; 95% CI =1.2-36.6; <i>P</i> &lt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Critical illness in newborn foals is associated with EG degradation and injury, and these biomarkers are related to the severity of disease on admission and the outcome of sick foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2748-2757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral or subcutaneous administration of cyanocobalamin in hypocobalaminemic cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","authors":"Chee-Hoon Chang,&nbsp;Jonathan Lidbury,&nbsp;Jan S. Suchodolski,&nbsp;Joerg M. Steiner","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No prospective study has evaluated the efficacy of oral supplementation with cobalamin in hypocobalaminemic cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the efficacy of oral or SC supplementation with cyanocobalamin in normalizing serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in hypocobalaminemic cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease (CGID) or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight client-owned hypocobalaminemic (&lt;290 ng/L) cats with normal or abnormally high serum MMA concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted based on the prospective randomized clinical trial method. Cats with CGID or EPI were randomly assigned to 2 groups that received either oral or SC supplementation with cobalamin (250 μg/cat) for 12 and 10 weeks, respectively, in addition to other medical and dietary interventions. Each cat was evaluated 3 times (baseline, 6-week postsupplementation, and 1-week postcompletion) by measuring serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cats with CGID or EPI, cobalamin concentrations were normalized in all cats that received either oral or SC supplementation (mean 100% [95% CI: 80.6%-100%] in both groups in cats with CGID and 100% [67.6%-100%] in both groups in cats with EPI). Among 37 cats with elevated MMA concentrations at baseline (21 cats with CGID and 16 cats with EPI), MMA concentrations were normalized in most cats with CGID (70% in oral and 82% in SC group) or EPI (88% in both groups).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In hypocobalaminemic cats with CGID or EPI, in conjunction with other medical and dietary interventions, both oral and SC supplementation are effective at normalizing serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2464-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to letter regarding “Prospective randomized trial comparing relapse rates in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis treated with a 6-week or 6-month prednisolone protocol”","authors":"Jeremy H. Rose,&nbsp;Colin J. Driver,&nbsp;Lorna Arrol,&nbsp;Thomas J. A. Cardy,&nbsp;Joana Tabanez,&nbsp;Anna Tauro,&nbsp;Ricardo Fernandes,&nbsp;Imogen Schofield,&nbsp;Sophie Adamantos,&nbsp;Nicolas Granger,&nbsp;Thomas R. Harcourt-Brown","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We thank you for your considered comments.</p><p>We believe we have been transparent in our methodology and the limitations of the study, particularly relating to the sample size and therefore certainty of the results.</p><p>We credit our readers with the ability to draw their own conclusions on the statistical and clinical relevance of the work based on the study design. We believe this prospective, randomized, multicenter trial offers real-world findings that suggest a possibility that shorter prednisolone courses may be effective in treating SRMA, but agree this is not conclusive. As such, we used the word “could” in our statement, “both a ‘long’ 6-month or ‘short’ 6-week prednisolone protocol could be considered to treat SRMA cases.” It is possible neither prednisolone protocol used in our study is optimal because of the limited evidence on this topic to date. Hopefully this will be one of many studies to allow veterinary surgeons to optimize the medication and duration of the treatment to improve the quality of life for SRMA dogs.</p><p>We appreciate there may be a wider discussion concerning the utilization of <i>P</i>-values in veterinary clinical research and appreciate your perspective on this matter. However, beyond noting this, we feel it is not for us to comment further.</p><p>Regards,</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiota of foals with diarrhea","authors":"Jillian Bell,&nbsp;Sharanne L. Radial,&nbsp;Rosemary S. Cuming,&nbsp;Gareth Trope,&nbsp;Kristopher J. Hughes","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17185","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diarrhea in foals can be associated with disruption of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). Effective management of intestinal dysbiosis in foals has not been demonstrated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in foals with diarrhea influences the intestinal microbiota and improves clinical and clinicopathological outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five foals &lt;6 months of age with diarrhea and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 3 veterinary hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective randomized placebo-controlled cohort study. Foals in the FMT group (n = 19) or control group (n = 9) received FMT or electrolyte solution once daily for 3 days. Fecal samples were obtained on Day 0 (D0), D1, D2, D3, and D7. Within group and between group data analyses were performed for clinical, clinicopathological, and microbiota variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment had no effect on survival (FMT 79%; control 100%, <i>P</i> = .3) or resolution of diarrhea (FMT 68%; control 55%, <i>P</i> = .4). On D3, the white blood cell count of the FMT group was lower than the control group (D3 FMT group median 6.4 g/L [5-8.3 g/L]; D3 control group median 14.3 g/L [6.7-18.9 g/L] <i>P</i> = .04). Heart rate reduced over time in the FMT group (D0 median 80 bpm [60-150 bpm]; D2 median 70 bpm [52-110 bpm] [<i>P</i> = .005]; and D3 median 64, [54-102 bpm] [<i>P</i> &lt; .001]). Phylum Verrucomicrobiota, genus <i>Akkermansia</i>, and family <i>Prevotellaceae</i> were enriched in the FMT group on D1 (linear discriminate analysis &gt; 4).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In foals with diarrhea, FMT appears safe and can be associated with some clinical and microbiota changes suggestive of beneficial effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2718-2728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on trigeminal-mediated headshaking in 17 horses","authors":"Vanessa Franzen,&nbsp;Nina Alexandra Gruber,&nbsp;Sven Klußmann,&nbsp;Angelika Schoster,&nbsp;Anna May","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trigeminal-mediated headshaking is a neuropathic facial pain condition in horses. No treatment has been entirely successful. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used in human medicine as a treatment for various neuropathic pain conditions, and good results have been achieved in cases of trigeminal neuralgia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apply rTMS to horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS) and to evaluate tolerability, application of the setting, and success rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen horses with nonseasonal signs of TMHS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Other underlying causes of headshaking were ruled out. The rTMS was performed under standing sedation on 5 consecutive days applying 3 sets of 500 stimulations each, with a stimulation strength of 5 Hz. Horses were evaluated on Day 1 (t0) and Day 5 (t1) of the treatment and 2 (t2) and 4 weeks (t3) afterwards using a special scoring system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rTMS was well tolerated. Headshaking signs during exercise were decreased by 70% (Day 5; t1). Four weeks after rTMS, signs were still decreased (mean reduction of 50%) during exercise. Improvement of mean resting and exercise scores was significant (<i>P</i> &lt; .05) and effect sizes between pretreatment and all time points after treatment (t1, t2, t3) were large (&gt;±0.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising treatment for neuropathic pain and headshaking in affected horses. Pain-free periods after treatment differ individually, and repeated treatment may be necessary. More studies should be performed to determine ideal settings for horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2758-2765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of a urethral stricture by image-guided placement of a custom-made absorbable stent in a standing, sedated horse","authors":"Milda Baltrimaite,&nbsp;Clodagh Kearney,&nbsp;Anne O'Brien,&nbsp;Michael Duggan,&nbsp;Benoît Cuq","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 10-year-old Irish Sport Horse gelding developed complications from a general anesthesia resulting in sling support and recurrent urinary catheterization. The horse subsequently presented signs of dysuria and pollakiuria, was diagnosed with sabulous cystitis, and developed a urethral stricture from the repeated catheterizations, which was confirmed on urethroscopy. Clinical signs persisted despite conservative management with topical corticosteroids and urethral bougienage with balloon dilators. An image-guided approach was used to treat the stricture with a custom-made polydioxanone stent placed in the urethra after which the horse was able to void normally and fully empty his bladder. Repeat urethroscopy and ultrasonography 6 months after the procedure showed the stent to have completely reabsorbed with urethra remaining patent. Nineten months after the procedure, the owner reports the horse remaining at his intended level of athletic performance with no dysuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2795-2800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}