Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Letter regarding “Prospective randomized trial comparing relapse rates in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis treated with a 6-week or 6-month prednisolone protocol”","authors":"Andrew Woodward","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I read with interest the article “Prospective randomized trial comparing relapse rates in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis treated with a 6-week or 6-month prednisolone protocol.”<span><sup>1</sup></span> I am concerned that the article contains substantial misinterpretations of statistical evidence, which undermine the reliability of the authors' conclusions.</p><p>Unfortunately, the phrase “no significant difference” may be deeply misleading unless it is correctly interpreted, under the unintuitive logic of frequentist hypothesis tests, and has led the authors to a mistake; it may be true that the interventions are practically exchangeable, but that conclusion cannot be reached from “not significant.” The <i>P</i>-value resulting from frequentist hypothesis tests represents an approximation of the probability that data more extreme than the data at hand would be observed, if the test hypothesis was true; where “probability” represents the frequency in a hypothetical series of identical repeated trials, and the test hypothesis is some statistical model including its parameters.<span><sup>2</sup></span></p><p>The <i>P</i>-value is calculated under the assumption that the test hypothesis (whatever it is) is true, so never indicates support for the test hypothesis, which would involve circular reasoning. Though the “evidential” meaning of <i>P</i>-values is contested and generally dubious,<span><sup>3</sup></span> in simple terms the <i>P</i>-value can be considered a summary of the evidence provided by the data to <i>refute</i> the test hypothesis,<span><sup>4</sup></span> or equivalently, an expression of how surprising it would be to observe data at least as extreme as these, if the test hypothesis was in fact true.<span><sup>2</sup></span> Though a small <i>P</i>-value may suggest (charitably) that some aspect of the test hypothesis is untrue, the usage advocated by Fisher, a large <i>P</i>-value does not support that it is true, because it says nothing about other test hypotheses (in this case, difference between interventions) with which the data may be compatible. It is, therefore, incorrect to conclude anything substantive from a large <i>P</i>-value. Unfortunately, the incorrect interpretation that a large <i>P</i>-value indicates that an effect or association is absent appears common in clinical trials reporting.<span><sup>5</sup></span></p><p>An emphasis on confidence intervals may mitigate some of the limitations of reasoning based on hypothesis tests, even if their exact meaning is unintuitive. This is a popular view,<span><sup>6</sup></span> and is generally encouraged by relevant reporting guidelines. Considering the authors' estimate of the relative incidence risk (which they express as odds ratio) of at least one relapse, which they state as 1.40 (95% CI: 0.40, 4.96, <i>P</i> = 0.60), the confidence interval represents, in simple terms, the set of values of the parameter of interest (test hypotheses) with which ","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2412-2413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant transformation of an intraparenchymal hemangioma in the cervical spinal cord of a German shepherd dog","authors":"Courtney P. Korff,&nbsp;Sophie Nelissen,&nbsp;Amy B. Todd-Donato,&nbsp;Andrew D. Miller,&nbsp;Emma Davies","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-year-old female spayed German shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of a 1-week history of right thoracic limb monoparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified an intraparenchymal, T2 hypointense and T1 isointense, strongly heterogeneously contrast-enhancing mass with moderate internal susceptibility artifact on T2* images at the level of the cranial extent of the C5 vertebral body. Euthanasia was elected after a rapid neurologic decline in the 24 hours after MRI. Necropsy and histopathology identified an intraparenchymal hemangiosarcoma arising from a hemangioma in the cervical spinal cord, with no evidence of neoplastic disease in any other examined organs. The spectrum of vasoproliferative disorders in the central nervous system in veterinary species has been codified recently, but hemangiosarcoma is considered metastatic to the central nervous system. Herein we describe the clinical, imaging, and histologic findings in a dog with a novel primary location of hemangiosarcoma in the cervical spinal cord.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2681-2685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of acclimatization time on barometric whole-body plethysmography in cats with lower airway disease","authors":"Lina Hörner-Schmid,&nbsp;Hannah Gareis,&nbsp;Jelena Palić,&nbsp;Bianka Schulz","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) is used as a noninvasive method to assess lung function in cats with lower airway disease (LAD). The duration of the acclimatization period in the measuring chamber varies between the studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the influence of acclimatization time on variables indicative of lung function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-four client-owned cats with LAD and 8 healthy cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the prospective case-control study for each cat, a 30-minute dataset was collected. Data for the three 10-minute periods were statistically compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The variables pause (T1 median: 0.8, range: [0.7-1]; T3: 0.9 [0.8-1.1]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01), peak inspiratory flow (PIF; T1: 84.9 [71.6-112.7]; T3: 75 [63.6-108.3]; <i>P</i> ≤ .001), peak expiratory flow (PEF; T1: 53.2 [41.5-76.6]; T3: 42.5 [34.6-57.8]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01), and a quotient of PEF and expiratory flow at 50% expired volume (PEF/EF50; T1: 1.2 [1.1-1.4]; T3: 1.2 [1.1-1.5]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01) varied significantly between first and third time period in cats with LAD. In healthy cats PIF (T1: 76.4 [66.3-85.2]; T2: 69.5 [58.3-85.2]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01), PEF (T1: 40 [32.8-58.6]; T2: 34.3, [29.8-44.6]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01), and PEF/EF50 (T1: 13.1 [11.6-14.6]; T3: 13.6 [12.4-16.3]; <i>P</i> ≤ .01) changed significantly between first and second time period. Enhanced pause did not change significantly in either group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acclimatization time has a significant influence on multiple variables in BWBP. Manual correction of the data for tidal breathing flow-volume loop might be necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2654-2663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective multicenter observational study assessing incidence and risk factors for acute blood transfusion reactions in dogs","authors":"Georgina B. F. Hall,&nbsp;Rachael Birkbeck,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Brainard,&nbsp;Fernanda Camacho,&nbsp;Elizabeth B. Davidow,&nbsp;Dana N. LeVine,&nbsp;Andrew Mackin,&nbsp;Taylor Moss,&nbsp;Katherine J. Nash,&nbsp;Giacomo Stanzani,&nbsp;Daria Starybrat,&nbsp;David Q. Stoye,&nbsp;Carolyn Tai,&nbsp;John Thomason,&nbsp;Julie M. Walker,&nbsp;K. Jane Wardrop,&nbsp;Helen Wilson,&nbsp;Virginie A. Wurlod,&nbsp;Karen Humm","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reported incidence of blood transfusion reactions (TR) varies greatly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To prospectively evaluate the incidence of acute TRs in dogs receiving allogenic blood products, using consensus definitions, and to assess factors associated with TRs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs (n = 858) administered allogenic blood products (n = 1542) between March and November 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, multicenter surveillance study occurring in referral hospitals in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia recording TRs in dogs administered blood products as defined by the consensus guidelines published by The Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of acute TR was 8.9% (95% CI 7.0-11.1) for packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and 4.5% (95% CI 2.9-6.6) for plasma products. The most frequently reported TRs were febrile nonhemolytic TRs (FNHTR; 4%, 95% CI 2.8-5.5) when administering pRBCs and allergic TRs (3.2%, 95% CI 1.80-5.10) when administering plasma products. A higher dose of pRBC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04 [95% CI 1.00-1.08]) was associated with a higher odds of TR. Administration of pRBCs stored for longer than 28 days was associated with higher odds of FNHTR (aOR 4.10 [95% CI 1.58-10.65]) and acute hemolytic TR (AHTR; OR 15.2 [95% CI 3.35-68.70]) when compared with pRBCs stored for 14 days or fewer. Leukoreduction of pRBC was not associated with lower odds of developing a TR (OR 1.47 [95% CI 0.89-2.42]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicians should be mindful of the age and dose of pRBC prescribed to dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2495-2506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging features of bilateral multiloculated extraneural ganglion cysts of the occipito-atlanto-axial joint causing hypoglossal nerve paralysis in a dog","authors":"Minha Ji,&nbsp;Matti Kiupel,&nbsp;Hyungjin Park,&nbsp;Kichang Lee,&nbsp;Hakyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 14-year-old spayed female Miniature Pinscher presented with tongue curling, dysphagia, hypersalivation, and sublingual gland swelling. Comprehensive evaluation, including neurologic and musculoskeletal examinations, blood work, and urinalysis, revealed no abnormalities other than tongue-related signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multilobed cystic structure in the occipito-atlanto-axial joint, compressing the right hypoglossal canal. The lesion appeared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-like on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, and hyperintense compared with CSF on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery T2-weighted images. The scans suggested mucinous content with enhanced peripheral areas on contrast-enhanced images. Surgical removal and drainage of this cyst were performed, and clinical signs improved markedly. The dorsal cyst was tentatively diagnosed as a ganglion cyst based on histopathologic and imaging findings. Ganglion cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with similar MRI findings and neurologic signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2675-2680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary iodine clearance after iodinated contrast administration to healthy cats","authors":"Gabriella Allegrini,&nbsp;Valerie J. Poirier,&nbsp;Julia G. Pezzali,&nbsp;Hughes H. Beaufrère,&nbsp;Anna K. Shoveller,&nbsp;Matthew A. Kopke,&nbsp;Janet Beeler-Marfisi","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exogenous iodine interferes with the uptake of radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) by the thyroid gland. This has potential implications for the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism that have recently undergone computed tomography (CT) with IV administration of iodinated contrast medium (ICM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the time to normalize urinary iodine clearance after administration of ICM. We hypothesized that it would require 4 weeks for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) to decrease to baseline after IV administration of ICM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten healthy adult neutered male cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All cats were sedated and received Iopamidol at a dose of 2 mL/kg (600 mg/kg). Urinary iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured before administration of Iopamidol and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and weeks 2 to 6 after administration. The urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UICR) was calculated. Outcome variables were modeled using a linear mixed-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary iodine concentration increased 37- to 884-fold on Day 1 after ICM injection and returned to baseline during Week 2. Compared with baseline, UIC was significantly increased for Days 1 to 7 (all <i>P</i> &lt; .001); UC was significantly lower for Days 1 to 10 (all <i>P</i> &lt; .03); and UICR was significantly increased from Days 1 to 10 (all <i>P</i> &lt; .001, except Day 10 <i>P</i> = .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary clearance of iodine after IV administration of ICM requires 10 days to return to baseline in healthy cats. A 2-week interval between the iodinated contrast study and ¹³¹I treatment could be appropriate but needs to be confirmed in hyperthyroid cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2556-2560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous administration of quinidine and metoprolol for treatment of atrial fibrillation in 2 neonatal foals","authors":"Laurence Leduc,&nbsp;Michelle Abraham,&nbsp;JoAnn Slack","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rarely reported arrhythmia in otherwise healthy newborn foals, with a single case of cardioversion using procainamide administration described in the literature. Two neonatal Thoroughbred colts were presented to an equine hospital because of an irregularly irregular tachyarrhythmia and poor latching when trying to nurse. History, physical examination, and initial diagnostic testing including ECG and echocardiography confirmed AF without structural heart disease. The 1st foal converted into normal sinus rhythm after treatment with IV metoprolol and quinidine. The 2nd foal converted to normal sinus rhythm after a single IV dose of metoprolol, intended for rate control. Demeanor and nursing behavior improved markedly after conversion. The 2 foals had normal heart rates and sinus rhythm that persisted for 6 weeks until euthanasia in the 1st foal and for 2 years in the 2nd foal. Rate control and cardioversion should be considered as a treatment for persistent lone AF in neonatal foals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2783-2789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the circulating markers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in telmisartan- or enalapril-treated dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease","authors":"Joanna E. Murdoch,&nbsp;Bianca N. Lourenço,&nbsp;Roy D. Berghaus,&nbsp;Marisa K. Ames,&nbsp;Hillary K. Hammond,&nbsp;Amanda E. Coleman","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors enalapril and telmisartan on circulating RAAS in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease (pCKD) are undescribed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize the RAAS in untreated dogs with pCKD compared to healthy, life-stage- and sex-matched controls, and in dogs with pCKD after 30 days of treatment with enalapril or telmisartan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with pCKD (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 20).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study of banked samples and previously collected data. Day 0 serum equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin I, II, III, IV, 1-5, and 1-7, and aldosterone, and urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) from pCKD dogs were compared to values on day 30 of treatment with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg PO q12) or telmisartan (1 mg/kg PO q24h) and to those of healthy dogs. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with healthy dogs, pCKD dogs had significantly higher Ang I, III, 1-5, and 1-7 concentrations, and UACR. Relative to pretreatment values, day 30 Ang II concentrations were significantly increased and decreased in telmisartan- and enalapril-treated pCKD dogs, respectively (both <i>P</i> &lt; .001). Mean (95% confidence interval) percentage change from pretreatment value in serum Ang 1-7 concentration was significantly greater in telmisartan- (753% [489%-1134%]) versus enalapril-treated (149% [69%-268%]) dogs (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Serum aldosterone decreased with treatment (<i>P</i> = .02 for enalapril, <i>P</i> &lt; .001 for telmisartan), with no difference between groups at day 30.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulating RAAS activity is higher in dogs with pCKD. Compared with enalapril, treatment with telmisartan caused significantly greater increases in the presumed beneficial peptide Ang 1-7.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2535-2547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute leptospirosis in horses: A retrospective study of 11 cases (2015-2023)","authors":"Lynette Ramsay,&nbsp;Christina Eberhardt,&nbsp;Angelika Schoster","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reports of leptospirosis in horses are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical and diagnostic findings of acute systemic leptospirosis in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven client-owned horses presented to an equine hospital because of acute onset of disease between 2015 and 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series. Horses diagnosed with leptospirosis by 1 or more of urine PCR, serologic microscopic agglutination test (MAT), and histopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Common clinical signs included lethargy (10), anorexia (10), fever (9), tachypnea (9), abnormal lung sounds (9), and epistaxis (6). Acute kidney injury was present in all cases. Evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage and liver disease was found in 8 (73%) and 6 (55%) horses, respectively. In 6 (55%) horses, kidneys, lungs, and liver were affected. Urine quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> spp. was positive in 6 (55%) cases. On serology <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> serovar Australis, Autumnalis, and Bratislava accounted for 86% of all titers ≥1 : 800. Overall case fatality rate was 4/11 (36%). Main findings on necropsy were tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, hemorrhage in the alveoli, pulmonary edema, periportal hepatitis and necrosis, cholestasis, and cholangitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leptospirosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with evidence of acute systemic inflammation and acute renal injury, epistaxis, or hepatic disease. For increased likelihood of identifying positive cases, both MAT serology and urine PCR should be performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2729-2738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Einthoven's triangle adapted for horses: Proposal for the Delta configuration","authors":"Ellen Paulussen,&nbsp;Glenn Van Steenkiste,&nbsp;Ben J. M. Hermans,&nbsp;Annelies Decloedt,&nbsp;Gunther van Loon,&nbsp;Tammo Delhaas","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17179","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliable ECGs are crucial for diagnosing arrhythmias, yet a lack of standardization impedes arrhythmia diagnosis and treatment in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To objectively determine an optimal position of Einthoven's triangle for ECG recordings in horses at rest, which can form the basis for standardized ECG recording and improve diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study involved 72 healthy, warmblood horses aged between 3 and 20 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In view of future 12-lead studies and vectorcardiography, requiring an orthogonal system, Einthoven's triangle was positioned around the heart, in the transverse plane. Therefore, 11 electrodes were placed encircling the thorax behind the olecranon, to construct triangles with a horizontal base. Electrocardiogram recordings from different triangles were analyzed. Signal processing involved filtering, R peak detection, and median complex generation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Euclidean distance measures were employed for data analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The left mid-thoracic and ventral regions had high PCA scores, indicating high information content. Base-down triangles exhibited higher summed Euclidean distances, contributing to enhanced diagnostic capabilities. A base-down triangle, called “Delta (Δ) configuration” emerged as most informative, while meeting all criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The base-down “Delta configuration” is the optimal Einthoven's triangle adapted for horses, providing large amplitudes and potential to provide basic insights into the mechanisms and origins of cardiac arrhythmias. Because the Delta configuration is positioned in the transverse plane, it forms the ideal basis for 12-lead ECG recordings that provide vectorcardiograms in an orthogonal coordinate system. Standardizing electrode positioning could improve ECG data comparability in equine cardiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2698-2706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}