Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Omeprazole on Esophageal Microbiota in Dogs Detected Using a Minimally Invasive Sampling Method","authors":"Aditi Handa,&nbsp;Giovana S. Slanzon,&nbsp;Yoko M. Ambrosini,&nbsp;Jillian M. Haines","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Omeprazole alters the esophageal microbiome (EM) of humans and has associated effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the changes and subsequent recovery of the EM in awake dogs after omeprazole treatment, using the esophageal string test (EST).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten healthy, client-owned adult dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective longitudinal design was employed, where esophageal samples were initially collected using EST (day 0), involving the oral administration of an EST capsule and subsequent retrieval after 15 min for pH-based segment identification. The dogs were then administered 1 mg/kg of omeprazole orally, twice daily for 14 days. Follow-up EST samplings were conducted on days 15 and 45. Samples were sequenced targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and diversity analysis along with differential sequencing (DEseq2) was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All dogs tolerated the EST without adverse effects. The EST retrieved sufficient biofluid to characterize the EM in this group of dogs. Diversity analysis revealed no significant alterations in alpha (Observed species, Shannon and Simpson indices) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis) across the time points after omeprazole administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Omeprazole therapy did not alter the EM of healthy dogs in this study. The application of EST in dogs illustrates its use as a minimally invasive tool for investigating the role of EM in esophageal health and disease in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Evaluation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Immunomodulatory Genes in Hospitalized Foals","authors":"Ahmed M. Kamr,&nbsp;Celine Bartish,&nbsp;Jamie Summers,&nbsp;Julia Horton,&nbsp;Laura D. Hostnik,&nbsp;Kindra Orr,&nbsp;Nimet Browne,&nbsp;Katarzyna A. Dembek,&nbsp;Caroline Saliba,&nbsp;Diego E. Gomez,&nbsp;Ramiro E. Toribio","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information about the association of antimicrobial peptides with hypovitaminosis D in hospitalized foals is lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to longitudinally determine the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with antimicrobial peptides (β-defensin-1 and cathelicidin-1) and the mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. We hypothesized that hypovitaminosis D would be associated with decreased serum concentrations of antimicrobial peptides, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred nine foals ≤ 72 h of age divided into hospitalized (<i>n</i> = 83; 60 septic, 23 sick nonseptic [SNS]) and healthy (<i>n</i> = 26) foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood samples were collected on admission (0), and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission from healthy and hospitalized foals. Data were analyzed by repeated measure methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)₂D, DBP, β-defensin-1, and cathlicidin-1 concentrations were significantly lower, whereas PTH concentrations were higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals at different times during hospitalization (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Septic foals had lower VDR and CYP27B1, but higher TLR-4, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA expression than in healthy foals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Decreased serum 25(OH)D, β-defensin-1, and cathelicidin-1, and high PTH concentrations were associated with higher odds of death in hospitalized foals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decreased vitamin D metabolite concentrations and decreased antimicrobial peptide concentrations suggest that vitamin D has important immunomodulatory functions in newborn foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome in Critically Ill Dogs and Dogs With Acute Kidney Injury Based on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2","authors":"Elisabeth Dorn,&nbsp;Ann Biscop,&nbsp;Nausikaa Devriendt,&nbsp;Donatienne Castelain,&nbsp;Kristel Demeyere,&nbsp;Emmelie Stock,&nbsp;Evelyne Meyer,&nbsp;Dominique Paepe","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) have potential as early biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess whether NGAL and TIMP-2 at admission (T0) and 24 h later (T1) identify survival in critically ill (CI) and AKI dogs, development of hospital-acquired AKI in CI dogs, and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in AKI dogs after 3 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-two client-owned dogs: 10 healthy, 24 with AKI, and 28 CI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study with blood and urine samples collected at T0, T1, and up to 1 week in CI dogs, 1 month in healthy dogs, and 3 months in AKI dogs. Serum and urinary NGAL (sNGAL; uNGAL) and urinary TIMP-2 (uTIMP-2) were measured using validated ELISA kits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with AKI that did not survive had significantly higher uNGAL concentrations and u/sNGAL ratios at T0 compared with survivors (<i>p</i> = 0.05, <i>n</i> = 23; and <i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>n</i> = 21, respectively). In CI dogs, sNGAL was significantly higher in non-survivors at T0 and T1 compared with survivors (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>n</i> = 26; and <i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>n</i> = 26, respectively). At T0, normalized urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (u_normTIMP-2) was significantly higher in non-survivor CI dogs compared with survivors (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>n</i> = 25). No significant differences were found for the other variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In AKI dogs, uNGAL and u/sNGAL at T0, and in CI dogs, sNGAL at T0 and T1 and u_normTIMP-2 at T0, were potential predictors of survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Evaluation of Indices of Severity of Pulmonary Stenosis in Dogs: Reproducibility and Effects of General Anesthesia","authors":"Evan S. Ross,&nbsp;Lance C. Visser,&nbsp;Lalida Tantisuwat,&nbsp;Khursheed Mama,&nbsp;Brianna M. Potter,&nbsp;Brian A. Scansen","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The effects of general anesthesia (GA) on less flow-dependent (velocity ratio, velocity time integral [VTI] ratio and indexed pulmonary valve area [iPVA]) and flow-dependent (mean [PVmeanPG] and maximum pressure gradient [PVmaxPG]) indices of severity of pulmonary stenosis (PS) are unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Determine the effects of GA on indices of severity of PS in dogs undergoing an interventional procedure (IP). Determine the reproducibility of indices of severity of PS.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Animals&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Thirty-nine dogs with PS.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Prospective cross-sectional study. Five repeated echocardiograms were performed over 3 days. Day 1: two echocardiograms were performed by 2 different operators. Day 2: echocardiograms were performed before and after GA but before IP. Day 3: an echocardiogram was performed after the IP.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;After GA, median (IQR) cardiac index (2.1 [1.6–2.6] L/min/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), PVmeanPG (45.0 [26.0–55.2] mmHg), PVmaxPG (76.6 [46.6–100.3] mmHg) were decreased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ le 0 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;.001) compared to before GA (2.8 [2.2–3.0] L/min/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 55.9 [47.6–73.1] mmHg, 96.1 [81.6–127.0] mmHg, respectively). There were no differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ ge 0 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;.35) in velocity ratio, VTI ratio, or iPVA after GA. Intra-operator and inter-operator coefficients of variation (95% CI) were highest for iPVA (13.8% [10.4–18.4] and 13.5% [11.0–18.4], respectively) and lowest for velocity ratio (9.2% [7.7–12.3] and 9.3% [7.7–12.4], respectively).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions and Clinical Importance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;PVmeanPG and PVmaxPG might be misleading in states of reduced flow. An integrative assessment of severity of PS that in","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes After Prophylactic Infusion of 2% Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid in 95 Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Devices in 66 Cats With Benign Ureteral Obstructions","authors":"Allyson Berent,&nbsp;Chick Weisse,&nbsp;Melissa Milligan,&nbsp;Jessica Mejia,&nbsp;Sarah Woods,&nbsp;Ken Lamb","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of subcutaneous ureteral bypass device(s) (SUB) for the treatment of benign ureteral obstructions (BUO) in cats has become more routine in veterinary practices. Device mineralization and chronic urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most reported long-term complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the occurrence of mineralization, bacteriuria, and chronic infections in cats after SUB placement, where 2% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (tEDTA) was infused during standard SUB flushing when compared to a historical control group where sterile saline was used for flushing. The hypothesis is that tEDTA will decrease the rate of mineralization occlusions and infections of SUB devices without increasing other complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-five SUBs (39 unilateral; 28 bilateral) in 66 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study; Medical records from all cats that had &gt; 180-day follow-up after undergoing SUB device placement were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of cats flushed routinely with saline only, Group 2 with saline and then switched to 2% tEDTA during their follow-up period, and Group 3 with 2% tEDTA only.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Device mineralization was documented in 9/28 (32%), 8/16 (50%), and 10/51 (19%) SUB devices in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.025). Exchange was needed from re-obstruction in 4/28 (14%), 5/16 (31%) and 3/51 (6%), respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Chronic UTI occurred in 7/21 (33%), 4/12 (33%), and 1/33 (3%) of cats, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.004). UTI at the time of surgery was associated with the development of a chronic UTI (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions/Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prophylactic use of 2% tEDTA might be helpful in reducing frequency of long-term SUB device complications and could be considered as part of the long term management plan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentrations and Inflammation in Cats","authors":"Giulia Cattaneo,&nbsp;Edward J. Kingsbury,&nbsp;Katie E. McCallum,&nbsp;Tim L. Williams","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations are higher in some hyperthyroid cats with normal renal function, presumably due to increased protein catabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate if SDMA is higher in cats with inflammation (defined as elevated serum amyloid A [SAA]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight cats: 12 with elevated SAA concentrations (&gt; 3.9 μg/mL) and 16 with normal SAA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case control study. Cats presenting to a referral institution between 2016 and 2022 with a documented SAA were identified. Individuals with renal and extrarenal factors known to affect SDMA were excluded. SDMA was measured from stored serum samples. Comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test, and correlations assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Data are presented as median [minimum–maximum].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SDMA was not significantly different between cats with elevated SAA and normal SAA (11 [5–17] μg/dL vs. 13 [9–21] μg/dL, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.28). There was no correlation between SDMA and SAA (<i>r</i>_s = −0.105; <i>p</i> = 0.594) or serum TT4 concentrations (<i>r</i>_s = −0.023; <i>p</i> = 0.906). No difference in age or USG was present between elevated SAA and normal SAA groups (<i>p</i> = 0.908 and <i>p</i> = 0.165, respectively). Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were both significantly lower in cats with elevated SAA compared to those with normal SAA (6.3 [3.6–8.8] mmol/L vs. 8.4 [6.2–10.5] mmol/L; <i>p</i> = 0.008, and 96 [62–129] μmol/L vs. 118 [90–147] μmol/L; <i>p</i> = 0.008, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SDMA might be a more representative biomarker of GFR during inflammatory states, provided other confounding factors that affect SDMA are eliminated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Phenylbutazone Administration on Insulin Sensitivity in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation","authors":"Kate L. Kemp,&nbsp;Nicholas K. Y. Yuen,&nbsp;Jazmine E. Skinner,&nbsp;François-René Bertin","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenylbutazone is prescribed to manage pain caused by hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis. Phenylbutazone reduces glucose and insulin concentrations in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID) but the underlying mechanism of action is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate the effect of phenylbutazone on tissue insulin sensitivity in horses. It is hypothesized that the reduced glucose and insulin concentrations in horses with ID receiving phenylbutazone are mediated by a higher tissue insulin sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen light breed horses, including seven with ID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Randomized cross-over study. Horses underwent a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (mFSIGTT) after 8 days of treatment with phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg IV daily) or placebo (5 mL 0.9% saline IV daily). After a 10-day washout period, horses received the alternative treatment for 8 days and a second mFSIGTT. Minimal model analysis was performed, and the effects of ID status and phenylbutazone were investigated with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In horses with ID, phenylbutazone increased tissue insulin sensitivity index (median [interquartile range]: 0.39 [0.14–0.74] vs. 0.56 [0.55–1.18] ×10⁻⁴ L/mIU/min, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and decreased glucose (21 726 [19 040–24 948] vs. 22 909 [22 496–26 166] mg/dL × min, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and insulin (19 595 [16 147—29 698] vs. 22 752 [20 578—31 826] μIU/mL × min, <i>p</i> = 0.03) areas under the curves. No effect was detected in horses administered placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenylbutazone reduces insulin concentration in horses with ID by modulating tissue insulin sensitivity, suggesting that its relevance in the management of ID can extend beyond laminitis-associated pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Indices Combining Diastolic and Systolic Tissue Doppler Variables to Evaluate Right Ventricular Function in Dogs With Pulmonary Stenosis","authors":"Randolph L. Winter,&nbsp;Kara L. Maneval,&nbsp;Claudio Serrano Ferrel","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Indices combining diastolic and systolic tissue Doppler variables, the Ee′s′ index (E/[e′ × s′]) and e′a′s′ index (e′/[a′ × s′]), have aided detection of myocardial dysfunction and in prediction of poor outcomes in humans with cardiovascular diseases. Studies of Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices in dogs have not been performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with pulmonary stenosis (PS) have elevated right ventricular (RV) Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices compared to healthy dogs, which will decrease after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (BV) or stent implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty client-owned dogs (15 healthy, 15 with PS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. All dogs had echocardiography performed, including the measurement of RV diastolic and systolic variables and calculation of the Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices. Dogs with PS had echocardiography performed prior to and after interventional procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Ee′s′ index was lower (<i>p</i> = &lt; 0.001) in healthy dogs (median 0.43, range 0.23–0.74) compared to dogs with PS pre-operatively (1.49, 0.28–3.79). The e′a′s′ index was lower (<i>p</i> = 0.039) in healthy dogs (mean 8.03 ± 3.28) compared to dogs with PS pre-operatively (11.39 ± 4.03). Compared to pre-operative values, the Ee′s′ index (1.01, 0.36–1.62) and e′a′s′ index (8.35 ± 3.29) decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.018, <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively) after pulmonary intervention in dogs with PS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PS have RV myocardial dysfunction that can be measured with Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices, and these values can be used to monitor response to pulmonary intervention over time. These findings suggest that calculation of Ee′s′ and e′a′s′ indices might have clinical importance in long-term management of dogs with PS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in hospitalized neonatal foals: Can colonization predict infection?","authors":"Anat Shnaiderman-Torban,&nbsp;Lilac Meltzer,&nbsp;Tal Zilberman-Daniels,&nbsp;Shiri Navon-Venezia,&nbsp;Adar Cohen,&nbsp;Gila Abells Sutton,&nbsp;Shlomo E. Blum,&nbsp;Sharon Amit,&nbsp;Amir Steinman","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) contribute to morbidity and mortality in human neonates. In foals, data are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine the association between ESBL-PE gastrointestinal colonization on hospital admission and infections in hospitalized neonates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-seven foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study of foals admitted to a veterinary hospital. Foals were screened for ESBL-PE colonization and for infections. Risk factors and clinical outcomes were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-six percent of foals suffered from at least 1 bacterial infection (n = 51/67). Sixty-three non-ESBL bacterial species and 19 ESBL-PE species were isolated. Twenty foals (29.85%) had at least 1 hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and 30 foals (44.8%) suffered from multidrug resistant infections. The prevalence rates of ESBL-PE gastrointestinal colonization on admission and clinical ESBL HAIs were 47.8% (n = 32/67, 41 isolates) and 19.40% (n = 13/67, 19 isolates), respectively. On multivariable analysis, ESBL-PE HAIs were associated with colonization on admission (<i>P</i> = .03, odds ratio [OR] = 4.60). In an outcome analysis, ESBL-PE infection and HAIs were associated with surgery (ESBL-PE infection: <i>P</i> = .04, OR = 4.70; HAI: <i>P</i> = .004, OR = 6.4) and HAI also was associated with increased duration of hospitalization (<i>P</i> &lt; .001, OR = 9.13). The major colonizing and infecting bacterial species were <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. Concordant ESBL-PE species were recovered from rectal screening and clinical samples in 7.46% (n = 5/67) of foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On-admission ESBL-PE rectal colonization was associated with ESBL-PE HAI in neonatal foals. The ESBL-PE infections were associated with surgery during hospitalization. These findings emphasize the importance of optimal infection control and treatment of clinical infections in equine neonatal intensive care units.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Response to Letter Regarding “Plasma Concentration of Thrombopoietin in Dogs With Immune Thrombocytopenia”","authors":"Matthew K. Wun","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I would like to acknowledge the hard work that Brooks et al. have put into developing their canine TPO ELISA and thank them for their response to my letter [<span>1-3</span>]. Unfortunately, it appears that the authors have misunderstood the concerns raised regarding the validation process of the assay, which I believe must be addressed before ineffective thrombopoiesis can be implicated in contributing to primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP). This issue has substantial clinical importance because, as Brooks et al. conclude, findings from this study may provide (or not) “a rationale for future studies exploring the potential utility of TPO receptor agonist treatment in canine ITP patients.”</p><p>First, I did not mean to suggest that cryo-poor plasma was added to any of the canine plasma samples. Rather, my concern pertains to the use of cryo-poor plasma with an unknown TPO content in the spike-and-recovery experiment described in section 3.3 of the manuscript. Brooks et al. account for the unknown TPO concentration by subtracting the OD of blank wells containing only cryo-poor plasma in buffer from all standard and test sample wells. The problem is that this method of subtraction is only valid if the percentage recovery of recombinant and endogenous TPO behaves in an additive (linear) manner. Not all recombinant and endogenous analytes behave in such manner when measured with an ELISA; an example of nonlinear recovery is provided in Table 1 below [<span>4</span>].</p><p>In this example, the measured (observed) concentration of a compound measured using a ligand-binding assay is not equal to the sum of the endogenous and recombinant (target) concentrations. If the recovery of recombinant and endogenous TPO behaves in this non-linear manner, then it is not valid to subtract the OD of blank wells from the standard and test sample wells [<span>4</span>]. Doing so may underestimate the measured TPO at low concentrations (as seen in the “low” level in Table 1), which may have impaired the ability of the assay to detect differences in TPO concentration between healthy and pITP groups. Because the TPO content of the cryo-poor plasma was unknown, it is not possible from the data provided by Brooks et al. to determine whether recombinant and endogenous TPO behave in a linear or nonlinear manner. Accordingly, the standard curve (Figure 2) used to quantify the TPO plasma concentrations in test samples may not be valid.</p><p>Second, Brooks et al. report good spike-in recovery of recombinant TPO using their ELISA. However, this was only evaluated in pooled cryo-poor plasma, presumably obtained from healthy dogs. As stated in my previous letter, plasma from dogs with pITP may have contained interfering compounds that were not present or were present at a different concentration in the pooled healthy dog plasma. As such, the recovery of TPO in pITP dogs may have been lower than that in healthy dogs.</p><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}