Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Bovine Leukemia Virus Seropositivity in Florida Beef Cattle: A 10-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Ameer A. Megahed,&nbsp;Y. Reddy Bommineni,&nbsp;Michael Short,&nbsp;João H. J. Bittar","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in beef cattle has received less attention than in dairy herds, despite its potential impact on the beef industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare six different supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms used to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in beef cattle in Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study. We used a dataset of 1511 blood sample records from the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Florida Department of Agriculture &amp; Consumer Services, submitted for BLV antibody testing from 2012 to 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), neural network (NN), and support vector machine (SVM) were used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the submitted samples, 11.6% were positive for BLV. The RF model best predicted BLV infection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.98, with a misclassification rate of 0.06. The DT model showed comparable performance to RF (AUROC, 0.94; misclassification rate, 0.06). However, the NN model had the poorest performance. The RF model showed that BLV seropositivity can be best predicted by testing beef cows during the dry season, which mostly coincides with the pre-calving processing and calving seasons, particularly for cattle raised in southern Florida.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RF model shows promise for predicting BLV seropositivity in beef cattle. Key predictive risk factors include the dry season months coinciding with pre-calving and calving seasons and geographic location. These findings could help develop predictive tools for effective screening for BLV infection and targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes","authors":"Vanessa Franzen,&nbsp;Daniela Reisbeck,&nbsp;Yvonne Leibl,&nbsp;Angelika Schoster,&nbsp;Anna May","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70064","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;While there is agreement that horses experience pain during the actual headshaking attacks, there is still a lack of research about the time between the individual episodes in this species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate the signs of pain in horses with TMHS at rest in the absence of common triggering factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Animals&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty TMHS horses (not head shaking at the time of pain assessment), 20 horses with colic, and 20 clinically healthy horses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Descriptive study assessing pain in TMHS horses during the absence of clinical signs using the Horse Grimace scale (HGS). To grade the pain shown with TMHS, horses with moderate gastrointestinal pain conditions and a healthy horses' group were also included. For evaluation, videos were taken on two consecutive days from both sides of the face (healthy, TMHS) or before analgesics were applied (colic). Eight photos per horse were extracted from the videos, randomized, and evaluated by three examiner groups, each comprising two persons: (a) last-year veterinary medicine students without previous use of the HGS, (b) experienced veterinarians without experience in using the HGS, and (c) experienced veterinarians who regularly apply the HGS. All examiners were blinded to the underlying condition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Median HGS scores in the groups (healthy, gastrointestinal, TMHS) differed significantly from each other (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Healthy horses had median HGS scores below 2 (median 1.2, range: 0.1–2.4), whereas TMHS horses had higher median HGS scores (5.6, range 2.4–7.4), and colic horses had the highest HGS scores (6.6, range: 3.8–8.4). There was a statistically significant difference for all facial action units (FAU) when the different horse groups were compared (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Effect sizes were large for the healthy horses' group (ES-1.23) and for the colic horses (ES 0.86), and small to medium for the TMHS horses (ES 0.37).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Clinical Importance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The results of this study show that pain occurs between individual TMHS attacks in severely affected horses and that the quality of life of these horses must be questioned and evaluated individually.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dorsal Intramedullary T2-Weighted Hypointense Signal Suggests Haemorrhagic Necrotic Material Indicating Ascending-Descending Myelomalacia in Dogs","authors":"Ursula Teubenbacher,&nbsp;Diana Henke,&nbsp;Anna Oevermann,&nbsp;Daniela Schweizer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ascending-descending myelomalacia (ADMM) is a progressive softening of the spinal cord observed in dogs after spinal cord injury (SCI). On histopathology, areas of hemorrhagic necrotic material are found in the central canal and dorsal funiculi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated if hemorrhagic necrotic material dorsal to the central canal can be identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that signal changes are seen in dogs with ADMM, but not in those without ADMM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six dogs with pathologically confirmed ADMM, focal myelomalacia (FM) and 10 control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study comparing intramedullary signal dorsal to the central canal in dogs with ADMM, FM, and control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hypointense signal dorsal to the central canal on transverse T2-weighted fast spin echo and gradient echo images was observed. If present in both T2-d T2*-weighted sequences, it was significantly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.004; specificity, 81%; sensitivity, 100%). If the T2-weighted hypointense focus was identified at a distance ≥ 3 vertebral bodies from the initial site of spinal cord injury, it was strongly associated with ADMM (<i>p</i> = 0.01) with a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 78%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dorsal intramedullary T2-weighted hypointense focus likely represents hemorrhagic necrotic material in the dorsal funiculi. If present at a distance of ≥ 3 vertebral bodies away from the initial site of SCI, it might aid in the diagnosis of ADMM in dogs by MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoroscopic Assessment of Pharyngeal Collapse in Dogs and Its Association With Age, Breed, and Tracheal and Bronchial Collapse","authors":"Soowan Kim,&nbsp;Minjoo Kwon,&nbsp;Hye-yeon Choi,&nbsp;Jihye Choi,&nbsp;Junghee Yoon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharyngeal collapse (PC) is a relatively common condition in brachycephalic dogs and often coexists with other airway collapses, including tracheal collapse (TC) and bronchial collapse (BC). However, the relationship between PC severity, clinical signs, and other forms of airway collapse is not well understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the correlation between PC severity and clinical signs, the severity of other airway collapse, and demographic factors such as breed and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-five client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review of medical records was conducted at Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from April 8 to September 5, 2024. The severity of PC and TC, and the presence of BC, cervical lung lobe herniation, and tracheal kinking were evaluated using fluoroscopy. Medical records were reviewed for data on signalment, respiratory clinical signs, and body condition score. Correlations between PC severity and other factors were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severity of PC had a significant positive correlation with clinical signs, particularly cyanosis or respiratory distress, as well as age and brachycephalic conformation (Pearson's <i>r</i>, 0.26, 0.30, 0.46, respectively; <i>p</i> value, &lt; 0.05 for all). No significant positive correlation was found between PC severity and TC or BC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluoroscopic assessment of PC severity is clinically relevant, especially in older and brachycephalic dogs. Our study emphasizes the value of fluoroscopic evaluation as a tool for assessing the severity of PC, aiding in the diagnosis and management of affected dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine Blood Microbiome in a Cohort of Clinically Healthy Trail Riding Horses","authors":"Noel Simms,&nbsp;Joseph J. Bertone,&nbsp;Tonatiuh Melgarejo,&nbsp;Caitlin O'Shea,&nbsp;Annika Linde","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging research suggests the presence of a blood microbiome in clinically healthy individuals. Characterizing bacterial composition and abundance in blood from a group of healthy horses is of clinical interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses in a closed herd environment will have blood microbiomes with similarities among individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty trail-riding horses of different breeds and ages living in relative isolation on a dry lot pasture in Colorado at 7680 ft elevation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. Blood was collected from the jugular vein into serum, blood collection, and EDTA tubes. Samples were submitted to external laboratories for microbiome analysis and routine blood tests (CBC, serum biochemistry).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous blood is not sterile in healthy horses. A total of 293 bacterial genera were identified in these samples, whereas most horses had 55 to 70 genera. The most dominant taxa were <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Sporomusaceae</i>, <i>Kapabacteriales</i>, <i>Beijerinckiaceae</i>, <i>and Phascolarctobacterium</i>. Principal coordinate analysis, investigating microbial structure diversity, identified large variability with no obvious clustering, indicating dissimilarity among bacterial populations in different horses. All blood samples contained genera with pathogenic potential for horses, such as <i>Bacteroides</i> spp., <i>Clostridium</i> spp., <i>Peptostreptococcus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinically healthy horses had a diverse blood microbiome. Despite the relative isolation of the horses, their blood microbiota varied markedly among individuals. Investigating the bacteria in clinically healthy horse blood provides new insight into possible microbiome shifts that may result in clinical disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytologic Evaluation as a Diagnostic Tool to Differentiate Adrenocortical Tumors and Pheochromocytomas","authors":"Hunter J. Piegols,&nbsp;Rachel W. Williams,&nbsp;Nirali Pathak,&nbsp;Laura E. Selmic,&nbsp;Giovanni Tremolada,&nbsp;Russell Sakacs,&nbsp;Laurie Millward,&nbsp;Janis Lapsley","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The utility of cytologic evaluation to distinguish adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs has not been thoroughly investigated, partly because of the perceived risks of the procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Report test characteristics of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and cytologic evaluation for differentiation of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas in dogs. Complications associated with FNA also were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-eight dogs with 40 adrenal tumors that had FNA and cytologic evaluation performed before adrenalectomy were included in the study from three institutions. Tumors included 17 pheochromocytomas, 21 adrenocortical tumors, 1 concurrent adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma, and 1 malignant neoplasm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 40 FNA cytologic aspirations performed, 35 (87.5%) had a predominant cell type identified and therefore were considered of diagnostic quality. Of these, 30 (85.7%) correlated with the final histopathological diagnosis. When all samples were included, FNA and cytologic evaluation had a sensitivity of 77.3%, specificity of 76.5%, positive predictive value of 81.0%, negative predictive value of 72.2%, and accuracy of 76.9% for identifying adrenocortical tumors. For pheochromocytomas, these values were 72.2%, 95.2%, 92.8%, 80.0%, and 84.5%, respectively. Six (15.9%) dogs had self-limiting complications associated with the FNA procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine needle aspiration and cytologic evaluation of adrenal tumors has a low complication rate and can help differentiate adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas. Thus, cytologic evaluation of adrenal tumors should be considered to help differentiate adrenal tumors and allow more individualized treatment of affected dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Tremors in Dogs: 198 Cases (2003–2023)","authors":"Theofanis Liatis,&nbsp;Sofie F. M. Bhatti,&nbsp;Steven De Decker","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs have not been extensively investigated in a large population of dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe semiology, tremor phenotype, and diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs, and identify clinical features that could be associated with the underlying disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 198 dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, single-center study of dogs with generalized tremors and a final or presumptive diagnosis between January 2003 and December 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs were intoxication (91/198; 46%), idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome (IGTS; 49/198; 24.7%), hypocalcemia (13/198; 6.6%), meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO; 9/198; 4.5%), hypoglycemia (6/198; 3%), hypercalcemia (5/198; 2.5%) and degenerative encephalopathies (5/198; 2.5%). Dogs with IGTS were females (<i>p</i> = 0.002), younger (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with an acute progressive lateralizing presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three), compared to dogs with intoxication that were males (<i>p</i> = 0.002), young and middle-aged (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with a hyperacute nonprogressive symmetric presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three). Behavioral changes (<i>p</i> = 0.01), hypersalivation (<i>p</i> = 0.04), abnormal mentation (<i>p</i> = 0.01), bilateral mydriasis (<i>p</i> = 0.02) or generalized hyperesthesia (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were common in intoxication, whereas hyporexia and vestibulocerebellar signs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 both) were common in IGTS. Dogs manifested only tremors in intoxication (45%) compared with IGTS (22%; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Improvement within 48 h from the onset of signs without corticosteroid treatment occurred exclusively in dogs with intoxication (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intoxication and IGTS were the most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs. Historical and clinical features may aid the clinician in adjusting their differential diagnoses and formulating a diagnostic and treatment plan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Cats in the United Kingdom: 34 Cases (2013–2022)","authors":"Oliver Luke Russell,&nbsp;Daisy Johnson,&nbsp;Frederik Allan,&nbsp;Cameron Prior,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell,&nbsp;Perrine Henry,&nbsp;Daniel Thompson,&nbsp;Jack Fawsitt,&nbsp;Claudia Gil Morales,&nbsp;Victoria Neale,&nbsp;Irene Strelitzia Garcia Molina,&nbsp;Harriet Hall,&nbsp;Ruth Gostelow,&nbsp;Andre Kortum","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis in cats is an uncommon condition with sparse literature regarding the presentation, causative agents, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis within the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe and report the presenting clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment approach, and outcome of cats diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis in the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four client-owned cats were diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multicenter observational study. Cases presenting at 10 UK referral centers between January 2013 and December 2022 were retrospectively recruited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median duration of clinical signs was 3 months (0.5-42-months). The most common signs were sneezing (27/34, 79%) and nasal discharge (21/34, 62%). Turbinate lysis was present in 27/34 cases (79%) and always involved the caudal nasal cavity. Osteolysis of the frontal bone, orbit, or cribriform plate was observed in 16/34 cases (47%). At least two tests from fungal culture, panfungal PCR, and histopathology were performed in all cases, and in 8/34 cases (24%) only one was positive. The treatment approach varied, with debridement, topical clotrimazole, and systemic azole therapy used alone or in various combinations, and repeat treatment occurred in 9/34 cases (26%). Clinical remission &gt; 90 days after treatment was found in 9/24 cases (38%), but case fatality rates were low, with 3/34 cases (9%) dying with clinical disease during available follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis should be considered in cats of any age with clinical signs of nasal disease. The prognosis from this data appears guarded for cats with fungal rhinosinusitis, with less than 50% of cats achieving long-term clinical remission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Lactate Level as a Biomarker of Mucosal Immune Dysfunction in Horses With Colic","authors":"Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek,&nbsp;Zuzana Drábková,&nbsp;Vaiva Sergedaite,&nbsp;Natalia Siwińska,&nbsp;Joanna Bajzert,&nbsp;Dominika Pasak,&nbsp;Anna Chełmońska-Soyta","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colic-related obstructions can reduced intestinal mucosa function and cause dysbiosis in horses, but it is unclear how defense barrier and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion is disrupted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of severity of colic signs and treatments on fecal SIgA and fecal lactate in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-two client owned hospitalised horses with colic and eight healthy horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective clinical trial. Fecal samples were taken daily for 7 days. SIgA was analyzed using ELISA, and D/L-lactate measured with a commercial kit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At Day 0, SIgA values in the colic medical and colic surgical groups were significantly higher than in the control stable group (<i>U</i> = 126.0, <i>p</i> = 0.099, Cliff's ∆ = 0.58 and <i>U</i> = 248.0, <i>p</i> = 0.005, Cliff's ∆ = 0.72, respectively). We found significant correlation between fecal SIgA and fecal lactate level in D0 (<i>r</i>_s = 0.421, <i>p</i> = 0.038).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of using fecal samples to identify biomarkers of colic in horses. An increase in fecal SIgA in horses with colic might suggest the presence of inflammation within the intestines and disruption of the mucosal barrier. These data highlight changes in gastrointestinal barrier and immune function and the intestinal microbiota's metabolic activity in horses with colic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Horses Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital","authors":"Marion Allano,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault,&nbsp;Marie Archambault,&nbsp;Julie-Hélène Fairbrother,&nbsp;Frédéric Sauvé","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including in veterinary settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the prevalence, risk factors for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) and MRSA colonization, and the duration of MRSA colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elective cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were recruited (228 horses).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 years. Nasal swabs were collected at admission and cultured for SA. Methicillin-resistant isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology, oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR testing. Horses colonized with MRSA were resampled until two negative cultures were obtained. Stabling management, activity, and medical history were obtained from owners and medical files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between risk factors and colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of SA and of MRSA nasal carriage was 17.5% (95% CI: 12.4–22.7) and 6.2% (95% CI: 2.9–9.4), respectively. Of the 10 horses colonized by MRSA and monitored over time, only one tested positive after 3 months. More than 10 horses on the premises (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.1–64.2), previous hospitalization (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.0–35.2), and year of admission (2022 vs. 2020–2021; OR 9.0 – 95% CI 1.7–92.2) were associated with MRSA nasal carriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization is of concern; however, the carriage seems transitory. Apart from the medical risk factors, the importance of social interactions in MRSA transmission needs to be elucidated in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}