Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Pituitary Macrotumor in Dogs With Hypercortisolism","authors":"Kei Yoshida,&nbsp;Yui Kobatake,&nbsp;Satoshi Takashima,&nbsp;Naohito Nishii","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diagnosing pituitary macrotumor in dogs with hypercortisolism requires advanced imaging, which is not feasible for every case. Identifying risk factors that can guide the decision to pursue imaging would be valuable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine clinical and physical examination findings that are associated with an increased likelihood of pituitary macrotumors in dogs with hypercortisolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 130 dogs diagnosed with hypercortisolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study to analyze medical records for data on age, sex, breed, clinical signs, physical findings, endocrine test results, imaging results, diagnosis, and treatment. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for pituitary macrotumor, defined by a pituitary height/brain area ratio ≥ 0.4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk factors for pituitary macrotumor included diagnosis of hypercortisolism at ≤ 10.9 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 0.718; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), French Bulldog breed (OR, 21.0; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and presence of neurologic signs (OR, 10.9; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Advanced pituitary imaging should be recommended in dogs with hypercortisolism ≤ 10.9 years of age, French Bulldogs, and those presenting with neurological signs because these factors significantly increase the likelihood of pituitary macrotumor in dogs with hypercortisolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Radiographic Characteristics Associated With the Mineral Composition of Calcium Oxalate, Struvite, and Cystine Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths in Dogs","authors":"Diego Pulido Vega,&nbsp;Mathieu Motteau-Lévêque,&nbsp;Christelle Maurey,&nbsp;Jeremy Mortier","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70252","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying urolith mineral composition (UMC) is crucial for treatment and prevention; however, current data rely on macroscopic or ex vivo studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe in vivo radiographic characteristics of canine lower urinary tract (LUT) uroliths and identify discriminating radiographic features among UMC types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred and two dogs with LUT uroliths composed of ≥ 70% calcium oxalate (<i>n</i> = 109), struvite (<i>n</i> = 58), or cystine (<i>n</i> = 35).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cross-sectional study. Radiographs were evaluated for urolith size, shape, surface, borders, internal architecture, and quantitative radiopacity, and also assessed using a ratio of urolith-to-L5 vertebra pixel values (UOR). The diagnostic performance of urolith size and UOR was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium oxalate uroliths were often highly radiopaque, associated with concurrent nephroliths, had unique shapes such as bosselated or spiculated, and less commonly ovoid. Struvite uroliths were larger (median: 15 mm; IQR: 8.1–25.8 mm) with a cut-off of ≥ 11 mm (AUC = 0.82, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; specificity: 91%, sensitivity: 67%) and were associated with pyramidal shapes or solitary cystoliths. Cystine uroliths had lower radiopacity (median UOR: 0.71; IQR: 0.63–0.80), with a cut-off of UOR ≤ 0.83 (AUC = 0.81, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; specificity: 67%, sensitivity: 84%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vivo radiographic characteristics such as size, shape, and radiopacity can help differentiate LUT mineral compositions, enabling non-invasive diagnosis and guiding treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity at the Foramen Magnum in Small Breed Dogs With an Enlarged Ventricular System","authors":"Sarah Hubler,&nbsp;Christina Precht,&nbsp;Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula,&nbsp;Veronika M. Stein,&nbsp;Daniela Schweizer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In small breed dogs, enlarged ventricles of the brain are a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In humans, enlarged lateral ventricles are usually the consequence of mesencephalic aqueduct stenosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity measurements indicating obstruction are lacking in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measure CSF velocity in small breed dogs with ventricular enlargement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Velocity of CSF in 17 small breed dogs with enlarged ventricles and 8 small breed dogs with normal-sized ventricles was measured by phase-contrast MRI at the mesencephalic aqueduct, foramen magnum (FM) and second cervical vertebra (C2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peak systolic (PSV) and diastolic (PDV) velocity, peak velocity (PV), difference between peak systolic and diastolic velocity (DPV), average velocity (AV) and maximum average velocity (MAV) were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with enlarged ventricles had lower PDV, PV, AV, and MAV at the dorsal subarachnoid space of the FM compared with dogs without enlargement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). At the ventral subarachnoid space of FM, moderate decreases in PDV, PV, DPV, AV, and MAV were found with increasing severity of ventricular enlargement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ventricular enlargement may be associated with or result in altered CSF flow dynamics, particularly decreased velocity at the craniocervical junction. This relationship may, in turn, reflect underlying structural changes, such as skull shape or craniocervical abnormalities. Therefore, enlarged ventricles in small breed dogs should be considered pathological findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Cystine/Creatinine Concentrations Before and After Castration in Dogs With Suspected Androgen-Dependent Cystine Urolithiasis","authors":"Jennifer A. Larsen,&nbsp;Sean E. Hulsebosch,&nbsp;Jeffrey Fine,&nbsp;Eric G. Johnson,&nbsp;Jully Pires,&nbsp;Paula S. Henthorn,&nbsp;Jodi L. Westropp","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Androgen-dependent cystinuria has been described in intact male dogs. Castration has been recommended to reduce urinary cystine excretion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary cystine/creatinine concentration will significantly decrease in dogs with suspected androgen-dependent (Type III) cystinuria after castration and will be associated with a lack of sonographic evidence of urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six intact male dogs with cystine uroliths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, observational study. Urinary amino acid/creatinine concentrations and abdominal ultrasound were evaluated at baseline (T0), 30 days (T30), and 90 days (T90) after castration and urolith removal. No dietary change was recommended unless urolith recurrence was noted. DNA was evaluated for the cystinuria-associated marker for Type III cystinuria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median decline in urinary cystine/creatinine (uCys/creat) concentration from T0 to T30 was 577 nmol/mg (IQR, 415–969; <i>p</i> = 0.03), from T0 to T90 was 798 nmol/mg (IQR, 580–989; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and from T30 to T90 was 34 nmol/mg (IQR, 19.5–443; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Two dogs had small (2.5–3 mm) uroliths at T30, which resolved in one of them at T90. Both dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of recurrence at T30 were positive for the cystinuria-associated genetic marker, although no signs of lower urinary tract disease were noted in either dog. Three of 6 enrolled dogs were homozygous positive for the genetic marker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Castration should be considered for intact male dogs with cystine urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings at 3 Tesla in a Dog With Gliomatosis Cerebri","authors":"Péter Sebestyén,&nbsp;Chris Staudinger,&nbsp;Robert Herzig,&nbsp;Anna Oevermann,&nbsp;Lorenzo Golini,&nbsp;Niklaus Zölch,&nbsp;Katrin Beckmann","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70210","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) represents an antemortem diagnostic challenge in the absence of histopathology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) features of the disease in humans include elevated myo-inositol (mI)-to-creatine and decreased <i>N-</i>acetyl-aspartate (NAA)-to-creatine ratios. Brain 1H-MRS findings at 3 Tesla (3 T) field strength in dogs with GC have not yet been described. A 12-year-old West Highland White Terrier was presented with a progressive history of multifocal encephalopathy. A 3 T MRI revealed a diffuse, bilateral, ill-defined, intra-axial white matter lesion that was T2W and FLAIR hyperintense, T1W iso- to hypointense, showed no contrast enhancement, and was associated with moderate mass effect. 1H-MRS with voxel positioning at the left parietal area showed highly elevated mI and decreased NAA levels compared to healthy control dogs measured using the same protocol in the thalamus. GC was confirmed by stereotactic brain biopsy. Comparable 1H-MRS changes to those reported in humans were identified in a dog with GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Immune System Components in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy Compared to Healthy Controls","authors":"Emily Moore,&nbsp;Kyan Thelen Strong,&nbsp;Sara A. Jablonski","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70245","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune system abnormalities including hypogammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiency occur in humans with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). It is unknown whether similar abnormalities occur in dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and immune cell populations in dogs with PLE (with histologic evidence of chronic inflammatory enteropathy, intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL), or both) compared to healthy controls (HC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen dogs with PLE and 18 HC dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were measured via ELISA in treatment-naïve dogs with PLE and compared to concentrations in HC dogs. RNA gene expression of specific immune cell surface markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured in both groups by quantitative PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PLE had lower concentrations of serum IgG compared to HC dogs (4.5 mg/mL, range 0.67–22.4 mg/mL vs. 19 mg/mL, range 1.8–80.3 mg/mL; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Serum IgM concentrations were also lower in dogs with PLE versus HC (2.4 mg/mL, range 0.0009–53.1 mg/mL vs. 14.2 mg/mL, range 2.1–172.8 mg/mL; <i>p =</i> 0.002). Expression of CD3e (0.24, range 0.003–1.1 vs. 0.92, range 0.41–3.2; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), CD5 (0.17, range 0.01–0.46 vs. 0.94, range 0.23–5; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and CD8 (0.47, range 0.06–1.7 vs. 0.92, range 0.32–2.4; <i>p</i> = 0.007) were reduced in dogs with PLE compared to their mean absolute expression in HC dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PLE have quantitative reductions in immune system components, similar to humans with IL. These abnormalities in immune system components might be considered in the management and monitoring of dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, Nutritional Recommendations, and Medical Interventions of 58 Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy Presenting to a Veterinary Nutrition Service","authors":"Chris Margrey,&nbsp;Angela W. Rollins,&nbsp;M. Katherine Tolbert,&nbsp;Maryanne Murphy,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Zhu,&nbsp;Sarah M. Schmid","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70247","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a common cause for referral to veterinary nutrition services (VNS). Data are sparse detailing dog presentation, dietary recommendations, and response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe the characteristics of dogs with PLE presenting to a VNS, dietary interventions, and response to therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-eight client-owned dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive retrospective study. Clinical signs and concentrations of albumin, globulin, and cholesterol were compared at initial diagnosis (T0), presentation to VNS (T1), 14–90 days after VNS consultation (T2), and most recent recheck (T3). Diet history and VNS recommendations were categorized by diet form and nutritional characteristics. Continuous variable normality, survival analysis, and median survival time were evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Kaplan–Meier and Brookmeyer-Crowley methods, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most commonly reported reason for referral was nutritionally balancing a diet that controlled clinical signs (27/58, 47%). At T1, 52% (30/58), 43% (25/58), 14% (8/58), and 9% (5/58) had diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting, and decreased appetite, respectively. The reported mean ± standard deviation albumin, globulin, and cholesterol concentrations at T1 were 2.40 ± 0.64 g/dL, 2.43 ± 0.71 g/dL, and 129 ± 63 mg/dL, respectively. Ultra-low fat, novel protein homemade diets were the most common diet trialed before (35/58, 60%), fed at (33/58, 57%), and recommended (28/58, 48%) at T1. Median survival time was 1661 days (lower 95% confidence interval limit, 686 days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PLE referred to a VNS commonly presented after achieving partial clinical improvement and were most often fed an ultra-low-fat homemade diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12457692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of Global Hemostatic Tools for Evaluation of Hemostatic State and Detection of Thrombosis in Cats With Cardiomyopathies","authors":"Rebecca Langhorn,&nbsp;Maiken B. T. Bach,&nbsp;Anne Sofie Gravgaard,&nbsp;Nanna Graversen,&nbsp;Caroline L. Olsen,&nbsp;Karoline H. Monrad,&nbsp;Jørgen Koch,&nbsp;Anders S. Schrøder,&nbsp;Jakob L. Willesen,&nbsp;Annemarie T. Kristensen,&nbsp;Lise N. Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a known complication of cardiomyopathies (CM) in cats. Hypercoagulability is believed to be one predisposing factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess applicability of global hemostatic tests for evaluating the systemic hemostatic state in cats with CM with concurrent ATE (CM + ATE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six cats with CM + ATE, 11 cats with CM, and 13 healthy cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective case–control study (2016–2020). Echocardiography, whole blood thromboelastography (TEG), and thrombin generation testing (TGT) were performed. Hypercoagulability was defined for TEG as shortened reaction time (R), shortened kinetics (K), increased angle, or increased maximal amplitude and for TGT as decreased lag time, decreased time to peak, increased peak, or increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). If ≥ 1 parameter showed significant hypercoagulability compared with healthy cats, and no parameter showed significant hypocoagulability, the patient was considered hypercoagulable. The opposite criteria defined hypocoagulability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypocoagulability was detected for cats with CM + ATE compared with both cats with CM and healthy cats, characterized by significantly prolonged R and K on TEG as well as significantly increased time-to-peak and decreased peak and ETP on TGT. Additionally, some thrombocytopenia was considered likely in cats with CM + ATE, but could not be fully evaluated because of a high prevalence of concurrent platelet aggregation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systemic hypocoagulable state was detected in cats with CM with concurrent ATE. Similar hemostatic paradoxes in human patients with thrombosis have been suggested to be related to platelet exhaustion, local endocardial hypercoagulability, or alterations in regulatory proteins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Catheter Recording in Horses to Investigate Atrial Depolarization Pattern During Sinus Rhythm and Induced Premature Atrial Complexes","authors":"Eva Buschmann,&nbsp;Glenn Van Steenkiste,&nbsp;Ingrid Vernemmen,&nbsp;Marie Demeyere,&nbsp;Stijn Schauvliege,&nbsp;Annelies Decloedt,&nbsp;Gunther van Loon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detailed characterization of arrhythmias can be performed by multiple catheter mapping; but this has not yet been explored in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perform ultrasound-guided multiple catheter mapping of the right heart during sinus rhythm and right and left atrial pacing to identify activation patterns characteristic of the origin of ectopy. Obtain His signals and effective refractory periods (ERP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight healthy adult horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experimental study. Recording catheters were placed at the terminal crest, intervenous tubercle, caudal vena cava, and coronary sinus. Right atrial pacing was performed in standing, sedated horses from each catheter and from the cranial vena cava, right atrial appendage, and right atrial free wall. Left atrial pacing was performed during general anesthesia at the four pulmonary vein ostia, left atrial appendage, and interatrial septum. Atrial activation patterns were recorded from the catheters during sinus rhythm and during pacing at the different sites. During sinus rhythm, the His bundle was recorded, and ERP at different sites was determined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characteristic activation maps during sinus rhythm and pacing were identified. Late coronary sinus activation indicated ectopy originating from the right atrium or ostium III. The direction of coronary sinus electrode activation aided in differentiating left atrial ectopy locations. His signals were recorded in 5/8 horses. Atrial ERP varied between 170 and 420 ms with inter-horse and intra-horse variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performing an electrophysiological study in horses, including multiple catheter recording, was feasible. Pacing-induced ectopy resulted in characteristic activation patterns, which might aid in identifying the site of atrial ectopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and External Validation of a Predictive Model of Severe Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in Hanwoo Calves Using Animal, Environmental, and Management Risk Factors","authors":"Youngjun Kim,&nbsp;Young-Hwan Lim,&nbsp;Youngwoo Jung,&nbsp;Ji-Yeong Ku,&nbsp;DoHyeon Yu,&nbsp;Jinho Park","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70238","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neonatal calf diarrhea accounts for most pre-weaned calf losses in Hanwoo cattle. A novel predictive model of severe neonatal calf diarrhea will help veterinarians and farmers prevent disease in calves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Development and external validation of a simple predictive model for severe neonatal calf diarrhea in Hanwoo cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hanwoo calves were used to develop the model (<i>n</i> = 3179) and for its external validation (<i>n</i> = 1383).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, observational study. The predictive model was developed using logistic regression analysis with data from Hanwoo calves from 2019 to 2022. The model was externally validated using data from Hanwoo calves in 2018 and 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After univariable and multivariable logistic analyses, the month of birth, rainy weather, duration of pregnancy, dam parity, retained fetal membranes, prevalence of neonatal calf diarrhea, induction of parturition, bedding type, and management of failure transfer of passive immunity were selected as predictors, with a sensitivity of 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.9%–78.7%) and specificity of 72.2% (95% CI: 70.6%–73.8%; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.766–0.814). In external validation, the accuracy was 83.3% (95% CI: 81.2%–85.2%). Sensitivity and specificity were 60% (95% CI: 50.0%–69.3%) and 85% (95% CI: 82.9%–86.9%), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have identified predictors for severe neonatal calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves and have developed a simple, easily calculated scoring prediction model based on these predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}