Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fatty Acid Analysis and Stability of Selected Edible Oils Used in Homemade Pet Diets","authors":"Jennifer A. Larsen,&nbsp;Jonathan Stockman,&nbsp;Xueqi Li,&nbsp;Selina C. Wang","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Edible oils often are included in recipes for home-prepared pet diets to supply essential fatty acids, but there may be discrepancies between database values and oil profiles. Furthermore, storage time and conditions influence quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine the fatty acid profiles of commonly used oils and characterize fatty acid oxidation under recommended storage conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Samples</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen products were purchased and stored according to label instructions, representing 2 brands each of walnut, corn, canola, and flaxseed oils, and 3 each of safflower and sunflower oils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months and stored at −80°C until analysis. Aliquots were analyzed for fatty acid profile at baseline and 12 months, and at all 3 timepoints for free fatty acidity, peroxide value, and induction time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linoleic acid concentrations exceeded the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) values except for 2/3 sunflower and 1/3 safflower oil samples. Peroxide value was static for 3/14 products and significantly increased at 6 or 12 months for 11/14 products. Induction time was static for 2/14 products and significantly decreased at 6 or 12 months for 12/14 products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sunflower and safflower oils are not reliable sources of linoleic acid. Cold storage appeared to better maintain oil quality. Oils for home-prepared pet foods should be carefully selected to ensure nutritional adequacy and refrigerated to maintain quality, especially those high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, high omega-6:omega-3 ratios, or both.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Subclinical Hypocalcemia in Holsteins Fed an Anionic Diet and Treated With Two Calcium Boluses at the Time of Calving","authors":"Kemal Aksoy,&nbsp;Abdülkerim Deniz,&nbsp;Mert Metin,&nbsp;Mahmut Insel,&nbsp;Aytaç Pekmezci","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia (iSCH) based on blood ionized calcium (iCa &lt; 1.00 mmol/L) has not been investigated in Holsteins fed an anionic diet (AD) and non-AD prepartum and treated or not treated with calcium bolus (CB) around the time of calving.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anionic diets supported with CB at 12 h after calving should increase iCa and reduce iSCH better than AD + non-CB and non-AD + CB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred Holsteins were allocated to 4 groups: Group 1 (AD + CB), group 2 (AD + non-CB), group 3 (non-AD + CB) and group 4 (non-AD and non-CB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The animals were randomly selected according to calving order. The iCa and iSCH were analyzed at calving before CB application on postpartum days (PPD) 1, 3, and 10. Urine pH was analyzed at calving and PPD1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urine pH (6.43 ± 0.26), iCa (0.90 ± 0.16 mmol/L) and iSCH (50%) were significantly different in the combined AD groups compared to the non-AD groups at calving. Multiparous cows in combined AD groups had higher iCa and lower iSCH at calving. Group 1 had a higher iCa than groups 3 and 4. Group 2 had a higher iCa than Group 4 at PPD3. The iSCH of group 1 at PPD3 and 10 was lower than that of other groups. The iSCH decreased from 50% (PPD1) to 17% (PPD3) and 4% (PPD10) in group 1. Group 4 showed milk fever of 12%, 4%, and 4% at PPD1, 3, and 9, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group 1 was the most appropriate protocol to increase iCa, reduce iSCH, and prevent milk fever.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Glutaraldehyde Test as a Prognostic Indicator for Short- and Long-Term Mortality in Hospitalized Adult Cattle With and Without Sepsis","authors":"Alexandra Eckert,&nbsp;Christian Gerspach,&nbsp;Lisa Gamsjäger","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The glutaraldehyde test (GT) is used as a point-of-care test to detect inflammatory disease in cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe the relationship between GT and fibrinogen as well as GT and total protein (TP) and determine the ability of the GT to predict death in cattle with and without sepsis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 367 hospitalized, adult cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical and laboratory findings, diagnoses, treatments, and outcome were recorded. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship of the GT with fibrinogen and GT with TP in septic and non-septic cattle. Likelihood ratios (LHRs) were calculated, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to identify the most appropriate threshold predictive of death. Logistic regression models were used to assess the predictive ability of the GT at this threshold.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The negative correlation between GT and fibrinogen was stronger in non-septic cattle (rho = −0.7; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared with septic cattle (rho = −0.59; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Similarly, GT and TP showed stronger correlation in non-septic (rho = −0.52) than in septic cattle (rho = −0.34; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Non-septic cattle with a GT of ≤ 3 min were 2.7 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79–4.02) more likely to die during hospitalization than cattle with a GT &gt; 3 min. No significant associations were identified between GT results and death in septic cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GT can be recommended as a valuable tool for predicting death in non-septic cattle but should not be used in acutely septic cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Plasma and Hetastarch Administration on Colloid Oncotic Pressure and Coagulation Variables in Dairy Calves and Goats","authors":"Sarah Woods Cuneo,&nbsp;Bailey A. Abi-Nader,&nbsp;Sarah J. Blasczynski,&nbsp;Munashe Chigerwe","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transfusion with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or hetastarch 6% (HES) is an option for managing decreased colloid oncotic pressure (COP) associated with hypoproteinemia. The effectiveness of HES compared to plasma has not been reported in calves and goats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hetastarch increases COP to levels similar to FFP. There will be no significant adverse clinicopathological changes after administration of HES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven healthy preweaned calves and 7 juvenile goats from university herds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cohort, clinical trial in a two-way crossover design. Hetastarch and FFP were administered intravenously at 10 and 20 mL/kg, respectively, once. Plasma COP was measured re-transfusion, at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72 h, and 7 days after each transfusion. Coagulation variables were analyzed pre-transfusion, at 0, 24, and 72 h after transfusion. The effects of treatment and time on COP and coagulation variables were determined by multivariate analysis of variance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transfusion with FFP and HES increased the COP in calves and goats, with FFP increasing the COP to a greater magnitude in calves (least square mean difference of 1.6 vs. 1 mmHg; <i>p</i> = 0.03) but not in goats (least square mean difference of 3.0 vs. 3.0 mmHg; <i>p</i> = 0.99). There were no significant changes (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) in coagulation variables detected after transfusion with FFP or HES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hetastarch is an alternative colloid to FFP in calves and goats. Adverse changes were not observed in goats and calves after HES administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case-Series of 112 Dogs","authors":"Matthew P. Price,&nbsp;Rachael Thomas,&nbsp;Mathew Breen,&nbsp;Allison R. Kendall,&nbsp;Shelly L. Vaden","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polypoid cystitis (PoC) in dogs is associated with chronic inflammatory bladder conditions and is discovered during evaluation for signs of lower urinary tract disease, or incidentally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe PoC in dogs evaluated in an academic practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with confirmed (<i>n</i> = 59) or presumptive (<i>n</i> = 53) PoC were evaluated between January 2004 and October 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this retrospective study, medical records were searched for PoC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common presenting signs of 112 dogs with PoC were hematuria (<i>n</i> = 42; 38%), stranguria (<i>n</i> = 28; 25%), and pollakiuria (<i>n</i> = 25; 22%). Polyps were found incidentally (<i>n</i> = 13; 12%). Urinary tract infection (UTI; <i>n</i> = 61; 54%) or urolithiasis (<i>n</i> = 38; 34%) was a common presumptive cause. <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 39; 53%), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>n</i> = 14; 19%) and <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> (<i>n</i> = 5; 7%) were isolated from dogs with UTI. Ultrasonographic findings (<i>n</i> = 101) included polypoid structures (<i>n</i> = 44; 44%), broad-based masses (<i>n</i> = 16; 26%), and bladder wall thickening (<i>n</i> = 25; 25%); mostly in the cranioventral bladder apex (<i>n</i> = 56; 80%). Of 41 specimens tested, none had evidence of the BRAF V595E mutation. Urinary tract neoplasia was not reported in any dog during follow-up (range 1 month–8.4 years; median 8 months). Interventions included antibiotic or anti-inflammatory administration, and surgical or cystoscopic ablation. During follow-up, recurrent signs of lower urinary tract disease were reported in 23 (20%) dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>History of either UTI or urolithiasis, compatible imaging findings, and absence of detectable BRAF V595E mutation support the presumptive diagnosis of PoC in dogs. Affected dogs have a good prognosis, warranting differentiation from other urinary tract diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicenter Observational Study Comparing Survival of Pugs and Dogs of Other Breeds With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","authors":"Harry Swales,&nbsp;Daniel J. Batchelor,&nbsp;Tereza Bodnárová,&nbsp;Andrew Kent,&nbsp;Susan Campbell,&nbsp;Adam G. Gow,&nbsp;Margaux Kuijlaars,&nbsp;Peter-John M. Noble,&nbsp;Anna Threlfall,&nbsp;Paolo Silvestrini,&nbsp;Jennifer Stallwood,&nbsp;Harry Warwick,&nbsp;Alexander J. German","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) in dogs often carries a guarded prognosis, and it is unclear if survival differs among breeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Survival of pugs with PLE is shorter than that of other breeds of dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-seven pugs and 148 dogs of other breeds were diagnosed with PLE at seven United Kingdom (UK) referral hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter observational study. Case records were reviewed to identify dogs diagnosed with PLE. Cox's proportional hazards regression was used to determine variables associated with survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (interquartile range) survival in pugs with PLE and dogs of other breeds was 104 (22–719) days and 759 (61–1632) days, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The hazard of death was higher in pugs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.961; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.108–3.741; <i>p</i> = 0.002) than in other dogs. Neutrophil counts in peripheral blood were associated with an increased hazard of death (HR change per 1 × 10⁹/L: 1.045; 95% CI: 1.014–1.077; <i>p</i> = 0.004), whereas cobalamin concentration (HR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991–0.999) and cobalamin supplementation (HR: 0.517; 95% CI: 0.271–0.988) were positively associated with decreased hazard of death. A time-dependent effect on survival was identified for serum globulin concentrations, whereby globulin concentration was positively associated with hazard of death in dogs surviving 61–959 days (HR: 1.126; 95% CI: 1.040–1.219) and &gt; 959 days (1.253; 95% CI: 1.048–1.497), but not 0–60 days (HR: 0.949; 95% CI: 0.891–1.011 days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results of our observational study suggest a worse prognosis for pugs with PLE compared to a selection of dogs of other breeds seen at UK referral centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Near-Infrared Image Guided Vascular Identification and Access in Dogs","authors":"Seth Bowden,&nbsp;Jake Johnson,&nbsp;Kursten V. Pierce","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use of real-time imaging with near-infrared (NIR) light technology to assist with gaining vascular access in humans is increasingly common. There is a lack of research on the NIR imaging modality in animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the feasibility of NIR vessel finding technology at vascular sites in a cohort of dogs, between shaved and unshaved fur, and under conditions of vasoconstriction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>6 healthy, adult dogs (three beagles, three hounds) in a university teaching colony.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>5 peripheral vascular sites were imaged before and after shaving. Images were scored based on the following criteria: <i>not feasible</i> (0), <i>feasible</i> (1), <i>helpful but not feasible as sole guidance</i> (2). Each vascular site was re-imaged after intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The left medial saphenous, right cephalic, and right lateral saphenous veins were the most feasibly identified vessels (18/18, 17/18, and 15/18, respectively). The effects of dexmedetomidine administration (<i>p</i> = 0.5 at 20 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.78 at 26 cm) and fur color (<i>p</i> = 0.25 at 20 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.50 at 26 cm) on the feasibility of vessel imaging were not statistically significant. However, a significant difference between shaved and unshaved areas was identified when directly compared at 20 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.04). The external jugular vein was less reliably identified (6/18 and 5/18 in sternal and lateral recumbency, respectively), and the left femoral artery was not identified (0/18).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use of NIR imaging for identification of superficial, peripheral veins is feasible in healthy beagles and hounds, regardless of shaving and administration of dexmedetomidine. This technology could be useful in other clinical scenarios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor Toceranib on Cardiac Function and Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers in Dogs With Cancer","authors":"Katherine E. Lopez,&nbsp;Dawn M. Meola,&nbsp;Nicholas D. Camarda,&nbsp;Jenica N. Upshaw,&nbsp;Iris Z. Jaffe,&nbsp;Cheryl A. London,&nbsp;Vicky K. Yang","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertension is documented in dogs with cancer receiving toceranib, but no studies have evaluated left ventricular (LV) systolic function and biomarkers of endothelial function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize changes in echocardiographic variables and biomarkers of endothelial function in dogs treated with toceranib.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six client-owned dogs with no evidence of pre-existing cardiac disease or systemic hypertension are receiving a single agent toceranib for cancer treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs were enrolled in this prospective observational study with study visits at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 months after starting toceranib for echocardiographic exams, blood and urine collection, and blood pressure measurements, with an additional blood pressure obtained 2 weeks after starting toceranib. Serum markers of vascular endothelial function (VEGF, endothelin-1, platelet derived growth factor [PDGF], prostacyclin, cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]) and urinary nitrate were evaluated with ELISA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs were enrolled between 2019 and 2023. Systolic blood pressure increased 2 weeks after initiating toceranib treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Serum prostacyclin concentration was lower after 1 month of treatment (mean 98.8 pg/mL vs. 140.0 pg/mL at baseline, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and serum VEGF concentration was higher after 3 months of treatment (mean of 247.8 pg/mL vs. 135.4 pg/mL at baseline, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased at the five-month time point (mean −14.5% vs. −15.7% at baseline, <i>p</i> = 0.048) with no significant change in LV fractional shortening by M-mode or ejection fraction by Simpson's method of discs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs treated with toceranib might have higher systemic blood pressure associated with changes in VEGF and prostacyclin and decreased systolic function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Epilepsy and Dyskinesia Survey for Large-Scale Characterization of Seizure Semiology in Dogs","authors":"Madlen S. Matz,&nbsp;Tiina Harmas,&nbsp;Franziska Wielaender,&nbsp;Emma Hakanen,&nbsp;Jasmin N. Nessler,&nbsp;Holger A. Volk,&nbsp;Andrea Tipold,&nbsp;Paul J. J. Mandigers,&nbsp;Tarja S. Jokinen,&nbsp;Luisa De Risio,&nbsp;Sally L. Ricketts,&nbsp;Marjo K. Hytönen,&nbsp;Thomas Parmentier,&nbsp;Fiona James,&nbsp;Sofie F. M. Bhatti,&nbsp;Gerhard Kluger,&nbsp;Hannes Lohi,&nbsp;Andrea Fischer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diagnosing epilepsy and dyskinesia in dogs relies on seizure semiology, laboratory workup, brain imaging, and electroencephalography. Variability in existing epilepsy surveys complicates comparison and impedes epidemiologic and genetic research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize the semiology of epileptic seizures and dyskinesia episodes using a novel, owner-completed, multi-language online questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort of 606 dogs from 96 breeds with paroxysmal events, perceived by their owners as epilepsy or dyskinesia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive epilepsy and dyskinesia questionnaire featuring pragmatic seizure categories and video upload was developed in German, Finnish, and English. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed, and the study cohort analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The questionnaire demonstrated strong internal consistency and interrater agreement. Owners correctly classified paroxysmal events in 90.1% of cases (95% CI 88.18–92.11). Video footage was submitted from 23.8% (143/606) and supported the seizure type in the questionnaire in 96.5%. The age of onset ranged from 6 months to 6 years in 80.2% (median 2 years; IQR 1–5 years). Generalized (epileptic) convulsive seizures occurred in 58.6% of dogs, non-generalized paroxysmal motor events without convulsions in 58.1%, sudden falls without movement in 6.1%, episodes of impaired awareness in 15.8%, and other unclassified events in 7.1%. Multiple seizure types were reported in 25.2% of the dogs. Labrador Retrievers exhibited a higher prevalence of non-generalized motor events compared to Border Collies, Siberian Huskies, and other breeds (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The questionnaire reliably characterizes epileptic seizures and dyskinesia episodes in dogs, making it a valuable tool for large-scale epidemiological and genetic studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Diet With Treatment Response in Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study","authors":"Sofia D. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Beatriz Mendoza,&nbsp;Maria J. Dias,&nbsp;Nuno S. Santos,&nbsp;Marine Hebert,&nbsp;Elisa Bettin,&nbsp;Francesco Signorelli,&nbsp;Fabio Procoli,&nbsp;Juan Hernandez,&nbsp;Rodolfo O. Leal","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrolyzed protein diets are commonly used in the first-line approach to the treatment of dogs with naïve-chronic enteropathy (naïve-CE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize the responses of naïve-CE dogs transitioned to a hydrolyzed diet and to assess the efficacy of an additional dietary trial in dogs with NRE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-one dogs with naïve-CE and 23 dogs with NRE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multicenter cohort study including dogs with CE presented to three referral centers from April 2018 to December 2021. Naïve-CE and NRE cases transitioned to hydrolyzed and alternative diets, respectively, were selected, and medical records were reviewed. Clinical response before and 4 weeks after dietary transitions (with or without concurrent therapeutic adjustments) was assessed based on stool-consistency score or Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) total score in naïve and NRE cases, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The transition into a hydrolyzed diet was the only therapeutic change in 20% (16/81). Of these, 88% (14/16) had a decreased stool-consistency score (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). From the 23 NRE cases, the transition to an alternative diet was the sole therapeutic adjustment in 70% (16/23). Of these, the total CIBDAI score declined in 69% (11/23; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports the need to feed a hydrolyzed diet in naïve CE cases. In cases classified as NRE, an additional transition into an alternative dietary trial seems beneficial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}