Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Urethrography in Assessment of Canine Urethra","authors":"Younjin Kang,&nbsp;Jonghui Baek,&nbsp;Sunghwa Hong,&nbsp;Soyeon Kim,&nbsp;Eunjee Kim,&nbsp;Junghee Yoon,&nbsp;Jihye Choi","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in human medicine for evaluating lower urinary tract diseases; however, its application in veterinary medicine remains limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare MRI with computed tomography (CT) in visualizing urethral and bladder wall layers and to assess the feasibility and diagnostic utility of MRI for evaluating lower urinary tract anatomy and pathology in dogs. It was hypothesized that the T2-weighted (T2W) sequence would provide the most distinct visualization of urethral layers, while the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (post-T1W) sequence would best delineate bladder wall layers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five healthy dogs and six dogs with suspected uroepithelial tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging sequences (T2W, pre-T1W, and post-T1W) and contrast-enhanced CT (post-CT) were performed. Images were evaluated for urethral and bladder wall layer distinction, urethral conspicuity, image quality, and characteristics of lower urinary tract tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>T2W sequence clearly delineated urethral wall layers and differentiated the urethral mucosal layer from the lumen using urine as a natural contrast. Post-T1W sequence enhanced bladder wall layer visualization, improving anatomical boundary conspicuity and aiding in tumor invasion detection. In contrast, post-CT allowed rapid imaging with minimal motion artifacts but provided limited soft-tissue detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated superior efficacy in evaluating anatomic structures and lesions of the lower urinary tract, particularly in assessing tissue invasion. Combining T2W and post-T1W sequences optimized diagnostic accuracy, making MRI a valuable tool for assessing lower urinary tract pathology in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transtracheal Wash Fluid Collection and Analysis in Healthy Goats","authors":"Bridget J. Savitske,&nbsp;Richard J. Dulli,&nbsp;Narayan C. Paul,&nbsp;Kevin E. Washburn","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transtracheal wash (TTW) is frequently used to characterize respiratory disease in companion animals, cattle, and horses, but no description of TTW methods or fluid analysis in healthy goats is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe a technique for collecting TTW fluid (TTWF) from healthy goats and describe the nucleated cell populations within and bacterial populations isolated from TTWF in healthy goats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three healthy university-owned Boer does.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective descriptive study. Percutaneous TTW was performed in sedated healthy goats. Retrieved TTWF from each goat was analyzed for cytologic findings, and aerobic and anaerobic microbiologic cultures were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aliquot recovery volume averaged 10.8%. Four doses were excluded from summary statistics for TTWF cytology and culture. In 29 TTWF samples, macrophages were the predominant cell population (40%–92%) followed by small lymphocytes (3%–39%) and neutrophils (2%–32%). Cultures of most samples yielded mixed bacterial growth (62.1%, 18/29). <i>Bibersteinia trehalosi</i> was the most frequently identified bacterial species from pure culture (17.2%, 5/29). No association was found between the cytologic presence of bacteria and bacterial culture results (<i>p</i> = 0.63).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The described TTW method is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in goats that can be performed in a hospital or field setting with commercially available materials. Our results describe the cytologic and bacterial populations identified within TTWF of healthy goats. Cytology results do not predict bacterial growth in healthy goats. Bacterial genera that are routinely associated with bronchopneumonia in goats also are present in health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperfibrinolysis in Cats: A Retrospective Case–Control Study of 154 Cats","authors":"Anabel Priego-Corredor,&nbsp;María Rocío del Saiz-Álvarez,&nbsp;Anna Vila-Soriano,&nbsp;Jorge Castro-López,&nbsp;Vicente Herrería-Bustillo","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperfibrinolysis (HFL) has not been well described in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identify risk factors associated with HFL in cats and evaluate its association with survival. Our hypotheses were that cats share similar conditions as dogs and humans with HFL and that it is associated with a worse prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 154 client-owned cats had thromboelastography (TEG) performed because of a variety of clinical conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. Cases were defined as cats with HFL (clot lysis at 30 min [LY30] ≥ 5% or clot lysis at 60 min [LY60] ≥ 10% or both) and controls were cats that had TEG performed but without HFL. Signalment, conditions that may alter fibrinolysis, TEG variables, indications to perform TEG, and outcome were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-two cats (33.8%) with HFL and 102 controls (66.2%) were included. Demographic variables were similar between groups. Both liver disease (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–10.6; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the presence of cavitary effusion (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.8–12.4; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were important risk factors for HFL. Cats with heart disease were less likely to have HFL (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.5; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The presence of HFL was not associated with worse outcome (<i>p</i> = 0.84). Cats with HFL more often were hypocoagulable, whereas cats without HFL more often were hypercoagulable (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver disease and cavitary effusion are risk factors for HFL in cats. The presence of HFL did not affect survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats After Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Placement Compared to Cats With Idiopathic Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Zoe Bennett,&nbsp;Jack S. Lawson,&nbsp;Yu-Mei Chang,&nbsp;Edward Shelton,&nbsp;Jonathan Elliott,&nbsp;Harriet M. Syme,&nbsp;Rebecca F. Geddes","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common sequela of ureteral obstruction, but many cats are non-azotemic after subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) placement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compare CKD progression rates after SUB placement with idiopathic CKD (iCKD), and explore variables associated with progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one referred cats after SUB placement for ureteral obstruction and 89 primary care cats with iCKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective observational longitudinal study. Baseline (3–6 months after SUB or at CKD diagnosis for iCKD cases) clinicopathological data and CKD progression (≥ 25% increase in creatinine concentration [Cr]) rates were compared between iCKD and SUB cats. Univariable logistic regression identified variables associated with SUB cat CKD progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline Cr was lower in the SUB group (SUB, 2.0 mg/dL; iCKD, 2.3 mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.01). For SUB cats with a ≥ 25% increase in Cr within 1 year, 45% (9/20) had SUB obstruction. Of the remaining 11 cats, 35% had a positive urine culture. Only SUB blockage was associated with CKD progression in SUB cats (odds ratio, 33.33; confidence interval [CI], 3.80–292.60; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Progression of CKD within 1 year did not differ between groups (iCKD, 29.5%; SUB, 28.1%; <i>p</i> = 0.85), even after exclusion of obstructed cases (iCKD, 29.5%; SUB, 17.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.12). Median time to CKD progression was not different between groups (iCKD, 833 days; range, 21–2141; SUB, 653 days; range, 43–1662; <i>p</i> = 0.80).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progression of CKD after SUB placement occurs with similar frequency and time frame as in cats with iCKD, but should prompt assessment for SUB blockage and pyelonephritis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter, Retrospective Determination of the Clinical Utility of Screening Tests in Dogs With Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in the United Kingdom and Ireland","authors":"Tyler Morrison,&nbsp;Ioannis L. Oikonomidis,&nbsp;Hannah K. Walker,&nbsp;Nuno Sousa Santos,&nbsp;Sophie A. Conway,&nbsp;Benoît Cuq,&nbsp;Carolina S. C. Albuquerque,&nbsp;Claudia Gil-Morales,&nbsp;Glynn Woods","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential triggers of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) are often identified, but their frequency and the benefit of extensive screening for these to individual dogs is uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the frequency of non-associative IMHA in dogs undergoing screening in Britain and Ireland and identify where specific tests could be beneficial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred twenty-two client-owned dogs with IMHA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of dogs with IMHA. Medical records and blood, urine, imaging, and pathology reports were reviewed. Cases were assessed for associative IMHA, and multivariable analysis was performed to define those.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Associative IMHA was present in 73/222 (33%) dogs. Diagnoses included toxic (24/222, 11%); infectious (17/222, 8%); neoplastic (16/222, 7%) and non-infectious inflammatory (13/222, 6%) conditions. A further 102 dogs (46%) had a finding most likely incidental, with no pertinent findings in 47/222 (21%) dogs. Associative IMHA was more likely as patients aged (odds ratio 1.108 per year, 95% CI: 1.012–1.218, <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The benefit of extensive diagnostic screening and implication of detected abnormalities remains uncertain for individual dogs with IMHA in Britain and Ireland. However, older dogs are more likely to have pertinent findings after a diagnosis of IMHA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of Urinary Calcium Excretion in Dogs With and Without Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis","authors":"Danielle E. LaVine,&nbsp;Emily L. Coffey,&nbsp;Jody P. Lulich,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Granick,&nbsp;Eva Furrow","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa) and urine calcium-to-creatinine ratios (UCaCr) estimate hypercalciuria, but more data are needed on how well they discriminate between dogs with and without CaOx urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the performance of FeCa and UCaCr in predicting CaOx urolith status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred twenty-one client-owned, normocalcemic dogs: 42 CaOx stone formers (cases) and 79 controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study. FeCa (%) and UCaCr (mg/mg) were calculated using measurements from urine and blood and were compared by urolith status with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Performance was determined with receiver operating characteristic curves; “optimal” thresholds were selected to maximize sensitivity and specificity. Potential predictors of FeCa and UCaCr (e.g., urolith status, sex, breed, age) were modeled with multivariable regression. Spearman's rank correlation was run for FeCa and UCaCr.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FeCa and UCaCr were greater in cases than controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both); medians were 0.81 (0.12–2.47) and 0.060 (0.008–0.176) in cases and 0.50 (0.08–2.61) and 0.032 (0.005–0.131) in controls. Optimal thresholds for FeCa (0.56) and UCaCr (0.056) had moderate sensitivity (74% and 60%, respectively) and specificity (58% and 75%, respectively). FeCa and UCaCr were strongly correlated (rho = 0.94, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and lower in males than in females (estimate = −0.70 and −0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FeCa or UCaCr perform moderately well for identifying CaOx cases; dogs with high values might benefit from therapy to reduce hypercalciuria. Their high correlation makes the determination of both unnecessary. Lower values in males support the development of sex-specific thresholds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Values and Association of Body Weight, Age, and Sex With Echocardiographic Measurements in Non-Athletic Quarter Horses","authors":"Madeline E. Selecky,&nbsp;Elizabeth Williams Louie,&nbsp;Callum Donnelly,&nbsp;Carrie J. Finno,&nbsp;Jessica M. Morgan","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70237","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Echocardiographic reference intervals for Quarter Horses are infrequently reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide standard echocardiographic measurements for sedentary Quarter Horses and evaluate the relationship between physical characteristics (body weight, age, sex) and echocardiographic measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one sedentary Quarter Horses, free of cardiac disease, from a university research herd.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study evaluating standardized echocardiograms performed on sedentary Quarter Horses (41) between 2020 and 2022. Reference intervals were calculated for raw and weight-corrected values. Multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between the physical characteristics (body weight, age, sex) and echocardiographic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple linear regression showed that every 100 kg of body weight was associated with a 3 (95% CI 1–6) mm thicker left ventricular free wall in systole (<i>p</i> = 0.02), an 8 (95% CI 2–13) mm larger left atrial diameter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and a 4 (95% CI 0–9) mm larger pulmonary artery diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Every year in age was associated with a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger left atrial diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.02), a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger aortic diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.01), and a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger pulmonary artery diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Left atrial to left ventricular ratio was 1 (95% CI −1 to 0) mm smaller in geldings compared to mares (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides echocardiographic reference intervals for a cohort of sedentary Quarter Horses and clarifies the association with body weight, age, and sex with these variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystoscopic-Guided Laser Ablation of Intramural Ectopic Ureters in Male Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 18 Cases (2011–2023)","authors":"Josh S. Chang,&nbsp;Allyson C. Berent,&nbsp;Chick W. Weisse","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are limited studies on cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treating ectopic ureters in male dogs. Further investigation is needed to assess its safety and efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospectively describe long-term outcomes in male dogs treated using cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of ectopic ureters (CLA-EU).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen client-owned male dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of male dogs that had CLA-EU performed were retrospectively reviewed. Continence scores were assigned before and after the procedure. Data collected included signalment, neuter status, age of onset of urinary incontinence, pre- and post-operative continence scores, CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, microbiological urine culture, pre- and post-operative abdominal imaging, EU laterality, concurrent anatomic anomalies, laser type and size used, procedure time, complications, and follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The procedure was performed successfully in all 28 ureters in the 18 dogs. Post-operative continence scores were significantly improved from pre-operative scores (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Four (22%) dogs were continent at the time of diagnosis. Of the 14 dogs initially incontinent, 11/14 (79%) became continent after CLA-EU without additional treatments, and an additional dog became continent with the addition of medications. Preoperatively, 14/28 kidneys and 17/28 ureters had evidence of hydronephrosis and hydroureter, respectively. Of the dogs, 10/14 with hydronephrosis and 12/17 with hydroureter showed improvement on post-operative ultrasonography. The median follow-up time was 1789 days (range, 98–3560).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In male dogs, CLA-EU was a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure with good to excellent short- and long-term outcomes, achieving continence in most dogs and improvement or stabilization of associated hydronephrosis and hydroureter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QT Interval and Cardiac Restitution Ratio Complexity in Standardbred Racehorses From Rest to Maximal Effort: Insights Into Arrhythmia Risk","authors":"Amanda Avison,&nbsp;Beverley G. Goderre,&nbsp;W. Glen Pyle,&nbsp;Peter W. Physick-Sheard","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sudden cardiac death is common in racehorses. Factors associated with the QT interval that could predispose to fatal cardiac arrhythmias are unknown. Cardiac restitution, expressed as a ratio of QT/TQ, has been used in humans to assess arrhythmia risk but has not been described in horses during maximal intensity exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe factors associated with the QT interval and cardiac restitution ratio (CRR) in clinically normal Standardbred racehorses under race-day conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Archival electrocardiograms from 42 Standardbred horses during live racing in Ontario.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational study performing an automated cardiac restitution analysis. Cardiac cycles were obtained from rest, non-race exercise, non-race recovery, live racing, and post-race recovery periods. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed with both QT interval and CRR as outcomes of interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of 3827 sequential pairs of cardiac cycles was performed. Exercise period and RR interval were highly associated with both QT interval and CRR. Other significant associations varied by exercise period and included: racing gait, sex, age, whether the horse received furosemide, and whether the horse experienced complex ventricular arrhythmias after racing. Interactions between gait and furosemide, and sex and gait were also significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An automated cardiac restitution analysis is feasible in exercising racehorses. The QT-RR interval relationship is multifactorial, and there are numerous significant associations that must be considered to interpret changes in QT interval and CRR in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Short-Term Calcifediol Supplementation on Leukocyte Cytokine Production in Healthy Dogs: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"Jared A. Jaffey,&nbsp;Rachael Kreisler,&nbsp;Robert C. Backus,&nbsp;Danielle Gordon,&nbsp;Lauren Chittick","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamin D modulates the immune response in many species, including dogs. To date, research investigating the immunological effects of vitamin D in dogs is limited to in vitro studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Provide PO calcifediol supplementation to healthy dogs to evaluate its tolerability and assess its effect on leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven healthy client-owned dogs with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D₃ (25(OH)D₃) concentrations ≤ 30 ng/mL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Dogs were randomized to receive calcifediol at 2.3 μg/kg^0.75 (low-dose), 4.6 μg/kg^0.75 (high-dose), or placebo for 7 days and crossed over to a different treatment arm after 28-day washout periods. Serum 25(OH)D₃ was measured using a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. Whole blood cultures were performed by incubating blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured in supernatant using a canine-specific multiplex assay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both low-dose (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 62 ng/mL, 59–82) and high-dose (93 ng/mL, 80–113) PO calcifediol supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations from baseline (22.2 ng/mL, 20.3–29.3; both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Low-dose and high-dose calcifediol supplementation decreased LPS-stimulated IL-6 by 197 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: −369.0 to −24.0; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and 182 pg/mL (95% CI: −355.0 to −8.0; <i>p</i> = 0.04), respectively. Then LPS-stimulated IL-6 concentrations decreased by 2 pg/mL for every 1 ng/mL increase in serum 25(OH)D₃ concentration (95% CI: −3.0 to −0.1; <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcifediol supplementation for 7 days was well-tolerated and decreased LPS-stimulated IL-6 concentrations. Oral calcifediol supplementation may have anti-inflammatory effects in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}