Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Allele Frequencies and Genotypes for the Ryanodine Receptor 1 Variant Causing Malignant Hyperthermia and Fatal Rhabdomyolysis With Hyperthermia in Horses","authors":"Monica Aleman,&nbsp;Molly McCue,&nbsp;Rebecca R. Bellone","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fatal anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) and rhabdomyolysis with hyperthermia documented in Quarter Horses (QH) breeds are caused by a missense variant in the <i>ryanodine receptor 1</i> gene (<i>RYR1</i>: XP_023505430.1.:p.(R2454G), designated as <i>MH</i>). The reported cases to date have all been heterozygous, and the allele frequency is suspected to be low.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine an accurate estimate of <i>MH</i> allele frequency in multiple horse breeds and investigate whether homozygous animals exist in the population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 159 227 horses from 16 breeds who were either submitted for clinical evaluation (<i>n</i> = 1500) or genetic testing (<i>n</i> = 157 727) were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study using banked DNA samples from two diagnostic laboratories determined the presence, zygosity, and estimated population MH allele frequencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>MH</i> allele was exclusively detected in 391 QH, 18 Paints (PT), one Appaloosa (AP), and one QH-Clydesdale cross with similar allele frequencies (QH = 0.0013 and PT and AP = 0.0012). In cases submitted for clinical evaluation, death occurred as anesthesia-induced MH or severe acute rhabdomyolysis with hyperthermia (≥ 42°C, 107.6°F) in 51% of N/MH horses. Nineteen of the 20 fatal cases were young males (median: 9 years old, range: 9 months–14 years). No <i>MH</i> homozygotes were detected in either cohort evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homozygotes for the <i>MH</i> allele were not identified, and thus might be incompatible with life, but additional testing is needed to confirm. Although the allele frequency was low, being heterozygous poses a risk of death if anesthesia, stress, concurrent illness, breeding, or other stresses occur.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for “Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>V. Franzen</span>, <span>D. Reisbeck</span>, <span>Y. Leibl</span>, <span>A. Schoster</span>, <span>A. May</span>., \" <span>Pain Assessment of Horses With Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking (TMHS) at Rest Between Episodes</span>,\" <i>Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine</i> <span>39</span> (<span>2025</span>):e70064. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70064.\u0000 </p><p>In the above mentioned article, Figure 1 should have used a box and whisker plot, as requested by a reviewer, with a line indicating the 50th quantile (median) of the variable of interest. The lower and upper bound of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th quantiles of the variable of interest, respectively. The lower and upper vertical lines extending from the boxes represent the lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval around the distribution.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Diet and Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate Uroliths in Dogs","authors":"Jody Lulich,&nbsp;Lori Koehler,&nbsp;Lisa Ulrich,&nbsp;Eva Furrow","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CTT) uroliths are recently identified in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report on the types and prevalence of diets, supplements, and medications containing salts of tartaric acid consumed by dogs with CTT urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three client-owned dogs identified with CTT uroliths from a single urolith analysis laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series evaluating dogs with CTT uroliths and their prevalence of consuming diets, supplements, and medications containing salts of tartaric acid before diagnosis of urolithiasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with CTT uroliths were predominantly male (53/63, 84%) small purebreds (48/63, 76%). Thirty-three of 63 cases provided additional information by completing our survey. In 25 of 33 (76%) cases, a source of tartaric acid was identified in diets, supplements, or medications. In 24 of these 25 cases (96%), the source of tartaric acid was choline bitartrate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When investigating a cause for CTT uroliths in dogs, consider diets and supplements containing choline bitartrate as a potential source of urolith components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Ureteral Patency by Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography After Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device Placement for the Treatment of Benign Ureteral Obstruction in Cats","authors":"Yassmina Habib,&nbsp;Catherine Vachon,&nbsp;Tristan Juette,&nbsp;Marilyn Dunn","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited information on the patency of native ureters after subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the patency of native ureters in cats treated with SUB device placement for benign ureteral obstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with SUB presented for routine evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Routine ultrasound-guided SUB irrigations were performed, focusing on ureteral irrigation in the trigone and proximal urethra. Cats with obstructed nephrostomy catheters or subcutaneous ports were excluded. Fluoroscopic-guided SUB irrigations with iodinated contrast then were used to assess patency. Ureters were deemed patent if contrast filled the lumen evenly along their length, and obstructed if the contrast column was interrupted on consecutive images. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was reviewed to confirm the cause and location of the obstructions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 18 cats (18 SUBs; 10 unilateral, 8 bilateral) were included. The causes of obstruction were ureteroliths (23 ureters) and presumed stricture (3 ureters). A trigonal irrigation was visible in 14/18 cats (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.8%–91.0%); the patent side in bilateral SUBs could not be differentiated. Three ureters were excluded (nondiagnostic study, <i>n</i> = 1; obstructed nephrostomy, <i>n</i> = 2). Of the remaining 23 ureters, 19 (82.6%; 95% CI: 62.9%–93.0%) were patent: 16/20 patent ureters were obstructed with ureteroliths (80%; 95% CI: 58.4%–91.9%) and 3/3 with presumed stricture (100%; 95% CI: 43.9%–100%). Ureteral irrigations at the trigone were associated with patency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high patency rate of native ureters after SUB placement was observed. Ureteral irrigations at the trigone reliably indicate patency. Supraphysiologic SUB irrigations may result in underdiagnosed persistent partial obstructions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Coronavirus Prevalence in 493 Cats With Chronic Diarrhea","authors":"Gary D. Norsworthy,&nbsp;Kristin N. Miller,&nbsp;Sarah M. Castro,&nbsp;Diane D. Addie","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic diarrhea (CD) is common in cats, with unknown etiology in many cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish the prevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) and other enteropathogens in cats with CD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinarians at a feline specialty practice examined 493 cats with CD. The breed of three (0.6%) was unknown; 373 (75.7%) were non-purebred, and 117 (23.7%) purebred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective database review of 586 fecal sample results of an RT-PCR and PCR diarrheal panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feline coronavirus was found in 321 (65.1%) of 493 cats with CD. FCoV RNA and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> toxin DNA were detected in 377 (64.3%) and 319 (54.4%) samples respectively: 206 (35.2%) samples were positive for both pathogens. Feline coronavirus was the sole pathogen detected in 118 (23.9%) cats. Samples from 203 cats under 1 year old were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) more frequently FCoV positive than samples from older cats (166/224 [74.1%] samples vs. 211/362 [58.3%]). FCoV RT-PCR positivity peaked in February (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and March (<i>p</i> = 0.0064). Other detected pathogens included <i>Giardia</i> spp. (8.4%; 49/586 samples); <i>Tritrichomonas blagburni</i> (8.4%; 46/586); <i>Cryptosporidium</i> (5.1%; 30/586); <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (3.4%; 17/497); <i>Campylobacter coli</i> (1.6%; 8/497); <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (0.8%; 5/586); panleukopenia virus (0.8%; 5/586); and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (0.5%; 3/586). Sixty-nine cats gave 162 samples: 54/69 (78.3%) cats were FCoV positive, 39/54 (72.2%) persistently so.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>If FCoV is non-pathogenic, as often assumed, its having the highest rate of positivity in CD cases is difficult to explain. If pathogenic and overlooked, key diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities might be missed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Intracardiac Ultrasound Images Developed on a Cardiac Ultrasound Simulator and Validated in Live Horses","authors":"Ingrid Vernemmen,&nbsp;Marie Demeyere,&nbsp;Glenn Van Steenkiste,&nbsp;Eva Buschmann,&nbsp;Annelies Decloedt,&nbsp;Gunther van Loon","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasonographic guidance of catheter-based interventions in horses is based primarily on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has the potential to provide detailed imaging of specific cardiac regions. Insight and training in echocardiographic guidance can be acquired using an echocardiography simulator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use an echocardiography simulator for horses to determine specific ICE views for catheter-based interventions and validate these in live horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six adult healthy experimental horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational study. An echocardiographic phantom based on a three-dimensional computer model of the equine heart was used. This phantom was positioned in a water tank, allowing simultaneous TTE and ICE catheter introduction. Novel ICE images from within the thoracic inlet and right atrium were determined on the ultrasound simulator, with TTE as back-up modality to determine ICE catheter position in the simulator if necessary. Images were validated in six horses, with adaptations to catheter manipulations where needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel ICE images developed on the ultrasound simulator could be replicated in live horses, with no changes in catheter manipulations. These views allowed visualization of the tributaries of the cranial vena cava, both atria, pulmonary veins, aorta, and pulmonary artery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ultrasound simulator was useful in developing additional ICE images in order to understand echocardiographic anatomy. This simulator creates possibilities for ICE diagnosis of specific cardiac conditions and further development of ICE-guided catheter-based interventions in horses. The ultrasound simulator can be helpful for providing echocardiographic training and reduction of experimental animal use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs","authors":"Samuel Okonji,&nbsp;Andrea Di Paola,&nbsp;Silvia Benini,&nbsp;Antonella Gallucci,&nbsp;Alberto Cauduro,&nbsp;Cristian Falzone,&nbsp;Teresa Gagliardo,&nbsp;Gualtiero Gandini","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Discospondylitis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. The literature on mycotic discospondylitis (MD) in dogs is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe clinical and advanced diagnostic imaging findings, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes in dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of MD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of MD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records from five veterinary neurological referral centers were retrospectively reviewed between 2017 and 2024. The confirmed diagnosis of MD was based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the detection of fungal hyphae in urine, intervertebral disc, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>German shepherd (GS) were the most prevalent breed (7/11). Pain was the main clinical sign reported in all dogs, associated with gait abnormalities in 9 dogs. T3-L3 neuroanatomical localization was described in 10 dogs. MRI showed multiple intervertebral disc involvement in 7 dogs. Fungal hyphae were identified in urine sediment in 5 dogs and by CT-guided needle aspiration of the affected disc in 2 dogs. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. was the most common etiological agent being reported in 7 dogs. Ten dogs were dead at the end of data analysis, with a median survival time of 30 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case series demonstrates the necessity of accurate diagnosis to set an appropriate treatment, despite the poor prognosis after antifungal therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Echocardiography in Cats With and Without Ultrasonographic Evidence of Renal Infarction","authors":"Scott D. Gibson,&nbsp;Bianca N. Lourenço,&nbsp;Metzere Bierlein De la Rosa,&nbsp;Amanda E. Coleman,&nbsp;Chris McLaughlin,&nbsp;Allison Arne,&nbsp;Tonya L. Harris,&nbsp;Christianna Ziccardi,&nbsp;Shelly L. Vaden","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Revisiting the association between heart disease and renal infarction (RI) in cats is relevant to determine whether those with RI should undergo echocardiographic screening.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compare the relative frequency of echocardiographically detectable heart disease and other comorbidities in cats with and without ultrasonographic evidence of RI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 826 cats that underwent concurrent abdominal ultrasonography and transthoracic echocardiography and were assigned a cardiac diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two-center cross-sectional study with a study population recruitment period from January 1, 2011 to June 15, 2021. Demographic, clinical, clinicopathologic, and ultrasonographic data were recorded. Available echocardiographic images were reviewed to assign a standardized cardiac diagnosis. Occult heart disease was defined as structural heart disease without clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Risk factors for RI were evaluated by univariable or multivariable logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relative frequency of structural heart disease in cats with and without RI was 63% (114/181) and 46% (297/645), respectively (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6; 1.2–2.3). Older age (<i>p</i> = 0.03), higher maximum end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.02), higher systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.02), auscultable cardiac abnormalities other than murmur (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and diagnosis of acute kidney injury (<i>p</i> = 0.002), chronic kidney disease (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and occult heart disease (OR [95% CI], 2.4 [1.7–3.4]; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) were associated with increased risk of RI. Strength and statistical significance of associations varied by site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occult heart disease is more frequent in cats with RI, and echocardiographic screening of these cats should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Urine Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration to Predict Azotemia in Hyperthyroid Cats After Radio-Iodine Treatment","authors":"Ellen Vanden Broecke,&nbsp;Lisa Stammeleer,&nbsp;Emmelie Stock,&nbsp;Ellen De Paepe,&nbsp;Sylvie Daminet","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperthyroidism can mask concurrent chronic kidney disease in cats, and no accurate biomarkers are available to predict which cats will develop renal azotemia after radioiodine (¹³¹I) treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the potential of serum and urinary metabolites and metabolite ratios to predict post-¹³¹I renal azotemia in hyperthyroid cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperthyroid cats (<i>n</i> = 31), before and (3–12 months) after treatment with ¹³¹I at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Ghent University, Belgium).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study. Optimized and validated feline extraction and analysis protocols were employed for metabolic profiling of urine and serum samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. A dual strategy of cross-validated univariate and penalized multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine predictivity (i.e., area under the curve [AUC], accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) of individual biomarkers and panels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All hyperthyroid cats were non-azotemic before ¹³¹I administration. After ¹³¹I treatment, 7 cats became persistently (≥ 2 timepoints) azotemic while 24 remained non-azotemic. Urinary asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was identified as a pivotal predictor of post-¹³¹I azotemia in both univariate and multivariate modeling. When employed as a standalone biomarker, an AUC of 0.851, accuracy of 0.903, sensitivity of 0.714, and specificity of 0.958 were achieved. While pre-treatment USG was significantly different (<i>P</i> = 0.002) between both groups, it did not show enhanced prediction over ADMA, nor in multivariate modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary ADMA can accurately predict post-¹³¹I azotemia in hyperthyroid cats becoming euthyroid after ¹³¹I treatment. These findings can aid clinicians in managing owner expectations and modify treatment plans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Anna K. Selin,&nbsp;Inger Lilliehöök,&nbsp;Emma M. Strage,&nbsp;Anders Larsson,&nbsp;Lena Pelander","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty dogs in various stages of CKD and a control group of 30 healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional observational study, dogs presenting to a referral hospital and given a diagnosis of CKD using standard methods, and healthy dogs, were included. Urinary cystatin C (uCysC), glucose (uGlu), protein (uProt), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea), sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), chloride (uCl), calcium (uCa), and phosphate (uP) were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. Included analytes were normalized to uCr, FE of electrolytes and urea was calculated, and results compared among groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age, bodyweight, and sex were not different among groups. Urinary CysC/uCr and FE of electrolytes increased with IRIS stage. Median (IQR) for uCysC/uCr was 0.08 (0.04–0.25) 10⁻³ in dogs with CKD stage 1 and 0.03 (0.02–0.045) 10⁻³ in control dogs (<i>p</i> = 0.0002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urinary CysC might be a potential marker of early CKD, preferably as part of a panel of urinary markers. FE of electrolytes seemed to depend on the serum creatinine level in dogs with azotemic CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}