Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Bromethalin Exposure in Dogs and Cats: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2010–2023) From the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System","authors":"Sigal Klainbart,&nbsp;Marcos Pérez-López,&nbsp;Michael S. Filigenzi,&nbsp;Robert H. Poppenga","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin, a rodenticide, is increasingly used due to restrictions on other rodenticides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to analyze the frequency, demographics, clinical signs, and diagnostics of suspected bromethalin intoxication in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred twenty-three cases (249 samples) involving 123 dogs and 100 cats suspected or confirmed to have bromethalin intoxication were submitted to the toxicology laboratory at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective cohort study. Between 2010 and 2023, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry was used to detect desmethylbromethalin (DMB), bromethalin's metabolite, in various tissues and serum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases increased 2.8-fold from 59 (2010–2016) to 164 (2017–2023). Cats were significantly younger (median 24 months, IQR: 41.5) than dogs (36 months, IQR: 60.0; <i>p</i> = 0.016) and were more likely to have confirmed DMB exposure (60% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Submitted samples for analysis were adipose tissue (37%), liver (20%), and brain (19%). Clinical signs included seizures, tremors, weakness, and paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 17 dogs and cats were consistent with bromethalin intoxication in 77% of cases. Autopsies (33 cases) revealed CNS lesions compatible with bromethalin toxicosis in 2/8 dogs and in 24/25 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin exposure is increasingly prevalent in pets. Adipose tissue remains the most reliable sample for diagnosis; cats are more likely to test positive for DMB and exhibit compatible autopsy results. MRI findings can also support the diagnosis. These insights could assist in diagnosing and managing bromethalin intoxication in pets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy-Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats","authors":"Elise Martens,&nbsp;Rachel Hritz,&nbsp;Craig Clifford,&nbsp;Christine Mullin,&nbsp;Corrine Camero,&nbsp;Kai-Biu Shiu,&nbsp;Catherine Chan,&nbsp;Chelsea del Alcazar,&nbsp;Carol DeRegis,&nbsp;Lindsay Donnelly,&nbsp;Bryan Marker,&nbsp;Katarzyna Purzycka,&nbsp;Kathryn Vickery","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty dogs and three cats were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG-CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 5) resulted in Grades III–IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 9) resulted in Grades 0–V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (<i>n</i> = 5) and rabacfosadine (<i>n</i> = 1) resulted in Grades II–III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (<i>n</i> = 2) and dacarbazine (<i>n</i> = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Evaluation of Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","authors":"Yeon Joon Park,&nbsp;Alexander J. German,&nbsp;David Brewer,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is abnormally increased in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Changes in dogs with gastrointestinal disease, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), have not been assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate SDMA concentration in non-azotemic dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 127 client-owned dogs, 17 with PLE, 34 controls matched for age, breed, sex, and neuter status, and 76 additional controls for multiple linear regression modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. The clinical records of a United Kingdom referral hospital were reviewed. Dogs with azotemia or prior glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive treatment were excluded. Dogs diagnosed with PLE that had serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations measured were compared with the matched controls. Signalment, clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities, treatment, and SDMA concentration pre- (PLE-T0) and post- (PLE-T1) treatment were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline, SDMA concentration was higher in PLE (T0, 15.2 ± 2.02 μg/dL) than in control (11.0 ± 3.13 μg/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 1.48), but decreased with treatment (PLE-T1: 10.3 ± 2.78 μg/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.01, Hedge's G, 1.31). Serum creatinine concentration was similar in PLE (T0, 0.81 ± 0.24 μg/dL) and control (0.85 ± 0.26 μg/dL) dogs at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.57; Hedge's G, 0.18). Serum albumin concentration was lower in PLE (1.60 ± 0.51 g/dL) than in control (2.96 ± 0.49 g/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 2.68) before treatment, but increased with treatment (PLE-T1: 2.29 ± 0.65 g/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.003; Hedge's G, 1.14), although it remained lower than the concentration in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.002; Hedge's G, 1.23). No other clinicopathological differences were evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum SDMA concentration is increased in dogs with PLE; the clinical relevance of this finding requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Vinblastine for the Treatment of Large Cell Lymphoma in Cats","authors":"Lee Pui Yung Anna,&nbsp;Rodrigo Horta,&nbsp;Cheryl Nathalie Sze,&nbsp;Antonio Giuliano","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The standard chemotherapy treatment for large-cell lymphoma in cats is CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy protocols. Substituting vinblastine for vincristine might have similar efficacy, with lower severity of gastrointestinal adverse events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate whether the addition of vinblastine to a low-dose vincristine COP protocol could reduce the frequency and severity of adverse gastrointestinal effects while maintaining or increasing efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 41 cats with large-cell lymphoma treated with the modified COVP protocol at one veterinary referral institution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series study. All relevant clinical data were retrospectively collected. Median progression-free survival, disease-free interval, and survival time were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier Method. Differences between groups were analyzed using the log-rank test, and adverse events were graded using VCOG-CTCAE v2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progression-free survival was 264 days (range, 6–1486 days), the disease-free interval was 812 days (range, 39–1486 days) and the median survival time for all cats was 412 days (range, 7–1772 days). Complete response was achieved in 59% of the cases, and partial response was observed in 17%. Cats that achieved CR lived significantly longer, 838 days (range, 81–1772 days) versus 143 days (range, 10–798 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0018). The COVP protocol was generally well tolerated, and the most common adverse effects were mild signs of gastrointestinal disease and hematological abnormalities that did not require a pause in treatment. Grade-1 vomiting was the most common (24%), followed by grade-2 (22%) and grade-1 reduced appetite (20%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with lymphoma treated with COVP seem to achieve acceptable survival and response rates compared to traditional chemotherapy protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Lipidosis in Horses and Donkeys: 25 Cases (2008–2022)","authors":"Kali Slavik,&nbsp;Susan Bender,&nbsp;Leslie Sharkey,&nbsp;Rose Nolen-Walston","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis is a well-documented histologic finding in humans and small animals with renal and metabolic disorders, but it is not well described in equids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the signalment, clinicopathologic indices, and postmortem findings of equids with a histologic diagnosis of both hepatic and renal lipidosis (HL + RL) and compare them to cases with hepatic lipidosis only (HL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equids with necropsy findings of renal or hepatic lipidosis (state diagnostic lab) between 2008 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. Signalment, history, necropsy diagnosis, and selected biochemical data at admission were extracted from medical records. Each case of HL + RL was assigned a matched case from group HL for comparison of clinical data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis was diagnosed in 0.5% (25/4680) of equid necropsies. Donkeys (7/13) and pony/miniature horses (13/37) with hepatic lipidosis were more likely to also have renal lipidosis compared to horses (5/141; <i>p</i> = 0.0006, RR = 15.1and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, RR = 9.9, respectively). No cases of renal lipidosis were identified without concurrent hepatic lipidosis. The predominant presenting complaints involved gastrointestinal (16/25) and neurologic (12/25) systems. Compared to group HL, group HL + RL had significantly higher admission plasma lactate concentration (+6.2 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04–13.1, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and GGT activity (+246 U/L, 95% CI −480.4–1870, <i>p</i> = 0.02). No significant differences were detected in creatinine or triglyceride concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis is an occasional postmortem finding in equids with hepatic lipidosis and is more common in donkeys, ponies, and miniature horses compared to horses. The clinical implications of renal lipidosis remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Paricalcitol on Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Proteinuria in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Hilla Chen,&nbsp;Gilad Segev,&nbsp;Michal Mazaki-Tovi","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) is an inevitable consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paricalcitol might safely attenuate RHPT and proteinuria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paricalcitol decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) and proteinuria in dogs with CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen dogs with naturally acquired CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive a placebo or paricalcitol (14 ng/kg/day) in a crossover design of 2, 12-week arms. Dogs were evaluated every 3 weeks. Associations between treatment, visit, and the outcome variables were assessed using generalized estimating equations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PTH decreased by 22% (95% CI, 7%–35%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) in the paricalcitol-treated dogs and increased by 18% (95% CI, 2%–37%, <i>p</i> = 0.022) in the placebo-treated dogs with each visit. FGF-23 at 12 weeks increased compared with baseline in the paricalcitol-treated (mean 6941 pg/mL, 95% CI, 1781–20 057 vs. 489 pg/mL, 95% CI, 188–1272, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively), but not in the placebo-treated dogs (696 pg/mL, 95% CI, 316–1531 vs. 955 pg/mL, 95% CI, 308–2963, <i>p</i> = 0.529). Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio at 12 weeks increased compared with baseline in the placebo-treated (0.8, 95% CI, 0.3–1.3 vs. 0.5, 95% CI, 0.2–0.9, <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively), but not in the paricalcitol-treated dogs (0.6, 95% CI, 0.3–0.9 vs. 1.0, 95% CI, 0.1–1.8, <i>p</i> = 0.35). Ionized calcium was unchanged between baseline and 12 weeks in the paricalcitol- and placebo-treated groups (1.3 mmol/L, 95% CI, 1.29–1.35 and 1.34, 95% CI, 1.27–1.40 vs. 1.30, 95% CI, 1.25–1.35, <i>p</i> = 0.12 and 1.28, 95% CI, 1.24–1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.034, respectively). However, 7/13 dogs developed mild hypercalcemia. Adverse effects were not reported by the owners.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paricalcitol attenuated RHPT and stabilized renal proteinuria in dogs with CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal and Serum Calprotectin Concentrations in Cats With Chronic Enteropathies Before and During Treatment","authors":"Dimitra A. Karra,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Lidbury,&nbsp;Jan S. Suchodolski,&nbsp;Matina Pitropaki,&nbsp;Shelley Newman,&nbsp;Jeorg M. Steiner,&nbsp;Panagiotis G. Xenoulis","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats is a collective term used to describe a diverse group of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in cats that result in chronic (longer than 3 weeks' duration) clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction, such as decreased appetite or anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, or some combination of these signs. Chronic enteropathies have been categorized into chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and small cell GI lymphoma (SCGL) [&lt;span&gt;1-6&lt;/span&gt;]. Further subclassification of CIE is based on response to treatment and is divided into immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE) and food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Small cell GI lymphoma is the most common GI neoplasm in cats, and its prevalence has increased during the past two decades [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. Progression of CIE to SCGL over months to years has long been suspected, but this progression has not been definitively proven as of yet [&lt;span&gt;9, 10&lt;/span&gt;]. Currently, establishment of a definitive diagnosis of CIE or SCGL is based on histopathology with immunohistochemistry and sometimes clonality testing [&lt;span&gt;5, 9, 11-13&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ability to predict response to treatment and monitor disease activity and treatment efficacy with non-invasive tools is highly desirable. In 2001, the Biomarker Definitions Working Group defined a biomarker as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathologic processes, or pharmacologic response to a therapeutic intervention [&lt;span&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;]. In inflammatory conditions, proteins, such as calprotectin, are commonly released by inflammatory cells or in response to tissue dysfunction, and some of them may serve as biomarkers [&lt;span&gt;15, 16&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In humans with Crohn's disease, evaluation and monitoring of response to treatment by use of a tight control algorithm that includes both clinical signs and inflammatory biomarkers increases the possibility of disease remission compared with only using clinical signs for treatment monitoring [&lt;span&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;]. In cats with CE, noninvasive biomarkers for treatment monitoring have not been systematically evaluated [&lt;span&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calprotectin is a protein that belongs to the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules of the innate immune response. Although the development and validation of assays for the measurement of calprotectin concentrations in cat feces and serum have been reported, their utility as biomarkers in treatment monitoring in cats with CE has only been poorly evaluated to date [&lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;]. In a recent study, fecal calprotectin was evaluated in cats with CIE and SCGL [&lt;span&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;], and in a more recent study, fecal calprotectin was evaluated before and after treatment in 17 cats with CE [&lt;span&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;]. The results support the utility of fecal calprotectin as a surrogate biomarker to assess disease severity in cats with CE [&lt;span&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;]. No st","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Western Diet on Colonic Dysbiosis, Bile Acid Dysmetabolism and Intestinal Inflammation in Clinically Healthy Dogs","authors":"Brandon Mason,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Sahoo,&nbsp;Chelsea A. Iennarella-Servantez,&nbsp;Aarti Kathrani,&nbsp;Shannon M. Morgan,&nbsp;Agnes Bourgois-Mochel,&nbsp;Alex M. Bray,&nbsp;Vojtech Gabriel,&nbsp;Christopher Zdyrski,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Groeltz,&nbsp;Eric Cassmann,&nbsp;Mark R. Ackermann,&nbsp;Jan S. Suchodolski,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Mochel,&nbsp;Karin Allenspach,&nbsp;Albert E. Jergens","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consumption of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate Western-style diet (WD) associated with obesity and inflammation in humans has not been investigated in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the effects of WD on inflammatory indices, microbiome, and fecal bile acids (BAs) in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten adult clinically healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dietary trial compared the effects of two home-prepared diets: a high-fiber, low-fat control diet (CD) to a diet containing the macronutrient composition of WD (low-fiber, high fat). Dietary treatments were given sequentially for three feeding periods, each lasting 1 month. Outcome measures included molecular/microbiologic testing of colonic biopsies, histopathology, inflammatory biomarkers, and quantification of fecal BA following each feeding period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cell markers of apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells: CD1, 0.36% ± 0.2%; WD, 0.79% ± 0.5%; CD2, 0.42% ± 0.3%; 95% CI) and inflammation (NF-ĸB area: CD1, 8.09% ± 3.3%; WD, 11.58% ± 3.4%; CD2 7.25% ± 3.8%; 95% CI), as well as serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CD1, 2.0 ± 0.4 ng/mL; WD, 2.76 ± 0.23 ng/mL; CD2, 2.29 ± 0.25 ng/mL; 95% CI), were increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed WD versus CD. Other perturbations seen with WD ingestion included altered (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) colonic mucosal bacteria (bacterial counts: CD1, 301.5 ± 188.5; WD, 769.8 ± 431.9; CD2, 542.1 ± 273.9; 95% CI) and increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) fecal cholic acid (median and interquartile range/IQR: CD1, 9505 [2384–33 788] peak heights; WD, 34 131 [10 113–175 909] peak heights) and serum myeloperoxidase (CD1, 46.98 ± 16.6 ng/mL; WD, 82.93 ± 33.6 ng/mL; CD2, 63.52 ± 29.5 ng/mL; 95% CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WD fed to clinically healthy dogs promotes colonic dysbiosis, altered fecal BA, and low-grade inflammation independent of obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for “Use of Indices Combining Diastolic and Systolic Tissue Doppler Variables to Evaluate Right Ventricular Function in Dogs With Pulmonary Stenosis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Winter, R.L., Maneval, K.L. and Ferrel, C.S. (2025), Use of Indices Combining Diastolic and Systolic Tissue Doppler Variables to Evaluate Right Ventricular Function in Dogs With Pulmonary Stenosis. J Vet Intern Med, 39: e70022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70022.</p><p>In Table 3, the first row of data for “RV E (cm/s)” in first, second and third columns need correction.</p><p>First column “Healthy (n = 15)” should display “65 (48-110) ^a”</p><p>Second column “PS pre-op (n = 15)” should display “49 (38-81) ^a”</p><p>Third column “PS post-op (n = 15)” should display “58 (38–90)”</p><p>This does not change anything in the paper, including results from statistical analysis. The correct numbers were used for analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Exenatide Extended-Release for Maintenance of Diabetic Remission in Cats","authors":"Chen Gilor,&nbsp;Linda M. Fleeman,&nbsp;Sean E. Hulsebosch,&nbsp;Stijn J. M. Niessen,&nbsp;Charlotte R. Bjørnvad,&nbsp;Jully Pires,&nbsp;Katarina Hazuchova,&nbsp;Jocelyn Mott,&nbsp;Allison L. O'Kell,&nbsp;Ruth Gostelow,&nbsp;Adam J. Rudinsky,&nbsp;Audrey K. Cook","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin-treated diabetic cats frequently achieve transient remission. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exenatide extended-release (exenatide-ER), preserves β cell function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate the effect of exenatide-ER on the duration of diabetic remission in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two client-owned cats with recent diabetic remissions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Placebo-controlled, single-blinded study. Cats were assigned randomly to receive exenatide-ER (0.13 mg/kg) or saline injection SC, once monthly for 2 years or until DM relapsed. Cats were fed low-carbohydrate diets; weight control was actively supervised. Paired <i>t</i>-tests and Mann–Whitney were used to compare pre- versus post-study characteristics within groups and between group outcomes, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment groups (placebo, <i>N</i> = 10; exenatide-ER, <i>N</i> = 12) were similar in age, sex, and body weight upon inclusion. Thirteen cats completed the 2-year study without diabetic relapse. Nine cats (placebo, <i>n</i> = 4; exenatide-ER, <i>n</i> = 5) exited prematurely. Three of these exited because of DM relapse (placebo: <i>N</i> = 1, day 212; exenatide-ER: <i>N</i> = 2, days 553 and 558). There was no difference in remission duration between treatments (placebo: 669 [121–721]; exenatide-ER: 662 [28–735] days, <i>p</i> = 0.9). Median body weight decreased in both groups at study exit (placebo: −0.6 kg [−1.3 to +0.3], <i>p</i> = 0.03; exenatide-ER: −0.2 kg [−1.2 to +0.5], <i>p</i> = 0.02). Hemoglobin A1c remained unchanged on exenatide-ER (−0.05% [−6.9 to +2.1]) but increased on placebo (+2.3% [−1.7 to +4.4]; <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exenatide-ER contributed to the maintenance of glycemic control as reflected by hemoglobin A1c but did not affect remission duration. Management might have contributed to the extended remission duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}