Trigeminal Nerve Asymmetry in Horses With Idiopathic Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking: A Retrospective Case-Control Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI:10.1111/jvim.70196

Frederik Heun, Julien Delarocque, Karsten Feige, Maren Hellige

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Abstract

Background

Nerve atrophy results in trigeminal nerve (TN) asymmetry detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans, but similar studies have not been performed in horses with idiopathic trigeminal-mediated headshaking (ITMHS).

Hypothesis

Horses with ITMHS show greater MRI-detected trigeminal-nerve asymmetry than controls.

Animals

A total of 20 adult horses with ITMHS and six unaffected control horses.

Methods

Retrospective case-control study of the TN cross-sectional area (TNCSA) based on 3-Tesla MRI scans of the equine brain. TNCSA and its side-to-side differences at four defined measurement points were compared within the two study groups using a linear mixed model. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was used to evaluate intra-rater repeatability. The primary outcome was side-to-side TNCSA asymmetry, minimizing confounding effects such as body size.

Results

Significantly greater TNCSA side-to-side differences (asymmetry of TN) were detected in horses with ITMHS (F_(3,70) = 11.271, p < 0.001). Horses with ITMHS exhibited a 4.1 to 7.6-fold greater TN asymmetry compared to control horses. Absolute TNCSA did not differ significantly between groups but was influenced by body weight. Measurements demonstrated excellent repeatability, and tentative cut-off values could be calculated to discriminate between ITMHS and control horses based on TNCSA asymmetry.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The asymmetry of the TNCSA in horses with ITMHS indicates unilateral or asymmetric disease of the TN. The present study highlights the value of MRI examinations in ITMHS and could pave the way for targeted therapeutic approaches.

Abstract Image

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特发性三叉神经介导的摇头马三叉神经不对称：回顾性病例对照磁共振成像研究

神经萎缩导致人类三叉神经（TN）不对称通过磁共振成像（MRI）检测到，但类似的研究尚未在特发性三叉神经介导的摇头（ITMHS）的马中进行。假设与对照组相比，患有ITMHS的马表现出更大的三叉神经不对称性。共有20匹患有ITMHS的成年马和6匹未受影响的对照马。方法基于3-特斯拉MRI扫描的马脑TN横截面积（TNCSA）进行回顾性病例对照研究。使用线性混合模型比较两个研究组中TNCSA及其在四个定义测量点的侧对侧差异。用组内相关系数分析评价组内重复性。主要结果是两侧TNCSA不对称，最大限度地减少了混淆效应，如体型。结果ITMHS马的TNCSA侧向差异（TN不对称）显著增加（F(3,70) = 11.271, p < 0.001）。与对照马相比，患有ITMHS的马表现出4.1至7.6倍的TN不对称性。绝对TNCSA组间差异不显著，但受体重影响。测量结果显示了极好的重复性，并且可以根据TNCSA不对称性计算出临时截止值来区分ITMHS和对照马。结论及临床意义ITMHS马的TNCSA不对称提示单侧或不对称的TN病变。本研究强调了MRI检查在ITMHS中的价值，并为靶向治疗铺平了道路。

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来源期刊

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

11.50%

发文量

243

审稿时长

22 weeks

期刊介绍： The mission of the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine is to advance veterinary medical knowledge and improve the lives of animals by publication of authoritative scientific articles of animal diseases.