Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism Associated With Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Treatment of Nocardiosis in a Cat","authors":"Deborah Alexander,&nbsp;Gustavo C. Cobucci,&nbsp;Cassia C. da Motta,&nbsp;Gabriela de C. Cid,&nbsp;Lana S. Belizzi,&nbsp;Amanda C. de Jesus,&nbsp;Heloisa J. Souza,&nbsp;Mark E. Peterson","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 9-year-old mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent ulcerated skin lesions was diagnosed with nocardiosis. Three months after initiating potentiated sulfonamide treatment, the cat developed goitrous hypothyroidism, characterized by palpable enlargement of both thyroid lobes, low serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4), and high serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Thyroid scintigraphy identified symmetrical enlargement of both thyroid lobes, with increased radionuclide (^99mTc-pertechnetate) uptake. Upon discontinuation of trimethoprim-sulfa, serum concentrations of T4, fT4, and TSH returned to normal, confirming the diagnosis of iatrogenic, drug-induced thyroid dyshormonogenesis leading to hypothyroidism. A skin lesion was surgically removed, and microscopy disclosed branched filaments along with characteristic Gram-positive coccobacilli and Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the clinical isolate was identified as <i>Nocardia puris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protothecosis in Dogs: A Narrative Review","authors":"Tomasz Jagielski,&nbsp;Angelika Proskurnicka,&nbsp;Mateusz Iskra,&nbsp;Sylwia Wronka,&nbsp;Zofia Bakuła,&nbsp;Patrizia Danesi,&nbsp;Marconi Rodrigues de Farias,&nbsp;Fábio Vinícius Ramos Portilho,&nbsp;Márcio Garcia Ribeiro,&nbsp;Uwe Rösler,&nbsp;Rui Kano,&nbsp;Richard Malik","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protothecosis is a rare and unusual disease that affects both humans and animals, including dogs. The causative agents are unicellular, achlorophyllous, “yeast-like” microalgae of the genus <i>Prototheca</i> (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Although usually saprophytic, <i>Prototheca</i> may, under conditions of immunologic compromise, become pathogenic and even lethal to the host. We present a synthesis of the current literature on protothecosis, with special emphasis on disease features in the dog. Five open-access scientific journal repositories were searched two times by two independent reviewers for original studies (including case reports, standard articles, and conference abstracts) pertaining to cases of protothecosis in dogs. Findings about protothecosis cases in dogs (e.g., animal metrics, type of infection, implemented treatment, and treatment outcome) were synthesized in independent data tables. Eighty studies describing 125 cases of protothecosis in dogs qualified for final analysis. Based on this investigation, protothecosis in dogs can be defined as an emerging disease that poses a serious challenge to the veterinary profession in terms of both diagnosis and management. In general, clinical signs and physical findings most often are referable to the gastrointestinal tract (<i>n</i> = 68; 54.4%). Yet the most common clinical manifestation in dogs is disseminated systemic infection (<i>n</i> = 84; 67.2%), including clinical signs referable to inflammation affecting more than one organ. We emphasize the complexity of <i>Prototheca</i> infection in dogs by summarizing clinical and laboratory findings from 125 cases of <i>Prototheca</i> infection in dogs published over the last half-century.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Dearterialization for Nonresectable Liver Tumors in Five Dogs and Two Cats","authors":"Michelle T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Chick Weisse,&nbsp;Stacy Kaneko","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some massive or nodular liver tumors can make surgical resection dangerous. Transarterial embolization and chemoembolization recently have been evaluated in dogs and cats, but multinodular or diffuse tumors make selective embolization difficult, impractical, and may require multiple anesthetic events. Hepatic dearterialization in humans has been shown to be safe and sometimes successful in promoting temporary tumor regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective review of patients with nodular, diffuse, or non-resectable massive liver tumors that underwent transarterial coil embolization of the hepatic artery from the origin of the gastroduodenal artery to the proximal hepatic artery was performed. Data recorded included patient signalment, clinical signs, serum biochemical changes, cross-sectional imaging results, complications, and response to treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven patients (five dogs and two cats) underwent transarterial hepatic dearterialization and were included. All patients had increased pretreatment hepatocellular enzyme activities 24 h after surgery. All patients survived to discharge and five were discharged within 24 h after treatment. Two patients experienced mild short-term vomiting and anorexia, one of which required repeat hospitalization. Repeat laboratory testing approximately 6 weeks after treatment indicated decreased ALT and AST activities in 5/6 and 4/5 patients, respectively. Repeat imaging identified tumor regression in 3/4 patients evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Survival time ranged from 50 to 505 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatic dearterialization should be further investigated as a palliative management option for multinodular and diffuse liver tumors because it may provide a minimally invasive, safe, and palliative option based on the observation that all patients survived to discharge and tumor regression was noted in three animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum for “Pre-clinical enteropathy in healthy soft-coated wheaten terriers”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>M. K. Tolbert, J. Darrow, L. Grubb, S. Fitzgerald, R. Bergee, J. Price, M. Mariano, M. Hong, C.-H. Sung, T. Hill, J. M. Steiner and J. S. Suchodolski. Pre-clinical enteropathy in healthy soft-coated wheaten terriers. <i>Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine</i>. 39, no. 2 (2025): e17293.</p><p>In the above mentioned article, Table 2, column “Healthy, non-SCWT” n should equal 10.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosteroid Administration Enhances the Glycemic, Insulinemic, and Incretin Responses to a High-Protein Mixed Meal in Adult Horses","authors":"Allison T. Palmer,&nbsp;Mauria R. Watts,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Timko,&nbsp;Erin F. Pinnell,&nbsp;Katelyn A. Keefer,&nbsp;Olivia Gorman,&nbsp;Laura D. Hostnik,&nbsp;Teresa A. Burns","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corticosteroids are used routinely in horses and induce insulin dysregulation (ID). Nutrition is important for ID management and includes low nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) diets and, often, high-protein ration balancers (RB). Insulin and incretin secretion increase after high-protein meals; corticosteroids may influence these effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A high-protein mixed meal will induce hyperinsulinemia and increased concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in horses with ID; dexamethasone (DEX) will amplify this effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five horses with naturally occurring ID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses underwent an IV glucose tolerance test and a feed challenge test (FCT; 1 kg RB). Tests were repeated after DEX administration (0.08 mg/kg PO q24h, 7 days). Insulin, glucose, and incretin dynamics were compared pre- and post-DEX.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corticosteroids exacerbated post-prandial hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia after a high-protein meal. The FCT area under the curve for insulin (AUC_INS) after DEX was significantly higher than baseline (558 ± 182 μIU/mL × min vs. 257 ± 93.9 μIU/mL × min; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The maximum concentration of GIP (C_maxGIP) after DEX (381 ± 70.6 pg/mL) was significantly higher than baseline (262 ± 13.7 pg/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.013). The AUC for GLP-1 (AUC_GLP-1; 31.1 ± 15.2 vs. 50 ± 20.2 pg/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.19) and the C_max of GLP-1 (C_maxGLP-1; 39.1 ± 25.3 vs. 29.6 ± 12.2 pg/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.32) did not differ between DEX and baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic responses to a high-protein mixed meal were exacerbated by corticosteroids. Horses receiving corticosteroids had larger GIP responses, which may enhance post-prandial hyperinsulinemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Heart Rate Variability in Dogs With Atrial Fibrillation","authors":"Joao Escalda,&nbsp;Brigite Pedro,&nbsp;Jose Novo Matos,&nbsp;Antonia Mavropoulou,&nbsp;Christopher Linney,&nbsp;Joao Neves,&nbsp;Joanna Dukes-McEwan,&nbsp;Anna R. Gelzer","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily variability of heart rate in 24-h Holter recordings in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) is unknown and could influence medical decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with AF, Holter-derived mean heart rate (meanHRHolter) over 24 h is not significantly different from a subsequent, consecutive 24-h period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five dogs with AF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, descriptive, multicenter study. MeanHRHolter rate and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) were prospectively analyzed after starting AAD. Clinically relevant difference (defined as ≥ 10 bpm in the meanHRHolter), success of rate control (defined as meanHRHolter ≤ 125 bpm). A Bland–Altman analysis and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to compare two consecutive 24-h Holter recordings. VAs percentage difference [(maximum daily value-minimum daily value)/maximum daily value × 100] and grading variability between recordings were also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small BIAS with ICC 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.99) on meanHRHolter with no statistical difference between two consecutive 24-h Holter recordings (95% CI [−2.84–2.92], degree of freedom 24, <i>p</i> = 0.98). Only 2/25 dogs (8%; 95% CI [2%–25%]) had clinically significant variation, while 1/25 (4%; 95% CI [0%–20%]) dogs showed different classifications in the success of rate control between the consecutive recordings. The VAs percentage difference was 52%, with 7/25 (28%; 95% CI [14%–47%]) dogs showing a VAs grading difference of ≥ 2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The daily heart rate variability in dogs with AF receiving AAD is low, suggesting that a single 24-h Holter recording is adequate to assess rate control. Daily variability might be an important consideration when assessing VAs in dogs with concomitant AF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Quality of Histopathologic Specimens Obtained via Small Intestinal Endoscopic Biopsy in Dogs and Cats","authors":"Ko Nakashima,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Kojima,&nbsp;Yoshinori Takeuchi,&nbsp;Manami Ito,&nbsp;Isao Matsumoto,&nbsp;Takahiro Ushigusa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ohta,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Uchida","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The factors affecting the quality of histopathologic specimens obtained via small intestinal endoscopic biopsy (SIEB) remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify factors related to the quality of histopathologic specimens obtained via SIEB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Histopathologic duodenal and ileal specimens were obtained from 116 dogs and 38 cats that underwent SIEB for diagnostic purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study analyzed 3354 individual histopathologic specimens scored using the grading system of histopathologic adequacy (GSHA). A lower GSHA score indicates lower quality specimens. Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic models were used to assess the relationship between the GSHA score of the specimens and various explanatory factors, including fixation method, biopsy forceps size, biopsy site, and histopathologic diagnosis. The generalized estimating equation method was used to account for the clustering of specimens among animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multivariate models using the specimens showed that filter paper fixation of endoscopic samples resulted in a higher GSHA score than floating fixation in both dogs (ordinal odds ratio [OR]: 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.25) and cats (ordinal OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.13–0.29). In dogs, the scores were lower for duodenal specimens than for ileal specimens and for specimens obtained using smaller forceps. In cats, the scores were lower for ileal specimens than for duodenal specimens and for older animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The quality of histopathologic specimens obtained via SIEB is influenced by the fixation method. Additionally, other factors differ between dogs and cats. These results contribute to improved SIEB practices in veterinary medicine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Carboxyhemoglobin Concentrations as a Diagnostic Biomarker of Hemolytic Anemias in Cats","authors":"Ran Nivy,&nbsp;Gila Abells Sutton,&nbsp;Yaron Bruchim","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endogenous carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) production is a byproduct of hemoglobin metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations are higher in cats with hemolytic anemia (HA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty cats with HA, 29 cats with non-HA, and 22 controls were prospectively followed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood tests were performed upon admission. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses tested COHb as a marker of HA or survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HA group included 17 cats with immune-mediated HA and 3 with Heinz body (HB) anemia. In the non-HA group, leading diagnoses included kidney disease (<i>n</i> = 14), acute/chronic blood loss (<i>n</i> = 11) and pancytopenia (<i>n</i> = 3). Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations (median [IQR]) significantly differed between cats with HA (5.55% [1.9]) and cats with non-HA (1.9% [0.7]) or controls (1.9% [0.67]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both), but not between the last two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.6). Among 13 nonanemic stray cats with significant HB formation, the median (IQR) COHb concentration was 6.1% (1.2). The area under the ROC curve for COHb as a predictor of HA among all anemic cats was 0.996 (95% CI, 0.985–1), with an optimal cut-off point of 2.95% yielding a sensitivity/specificity of 95% (95% CI, 76%–99%) and 100% (95% CI, 88%–100%), respectively. Survival and COHb concentrations were not associated in either group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COHb proved a useful ancillary test in cats with suspected HA. Nevertheless, endogenous COHb production occurs with the absorption of large hematomas, not studied herein, or during hemolysis irrespective of anemia. These caveats must be considered when applying the present findings to the clinical and research setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Horses After the 2021 Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Myeloencephalopathy, Valencia, Spain","authors":"María de la Cuesta-Torrado,&nbsp;Ana Velloso Alvarez,&nbsp;Isabel Santiago-Llorente,&nbsp;Lara Armengou,&nbsp;Federico Nieto,&nbsp;José Ríos,&nbsp;Fátima Cruz-López,&nbsp;Eduard Jose-Cunilleras","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a persistent threat to horses, with unclear risk factors and disease severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate risk factors, effective reproduction rate (Rt), and long-term athletic outcomes of an EHM outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study of the 2021 EHM outbreak in Valencia, Spain, examining associations between risk factors (sex, age, breed, country of origin, and vaccination status) and case fatality rate, EHM development, and odds of returning to competition using odds ratios [95% CI] and Rt via the Robert Kochs Institute method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 191 horses, 38 (20%) were clinically normal, 13 (7%) were subclinical, and 140 (73%) presented clinical signs (89 EHM, 64%). One hundred sixty horses were isolated at the show, while 47 were treated in hospitals. The mean age was 9.8 ± 3.0 years; 85 (45%) were mares, 79 (41%) geldings, and 27 (14%) stallions. The EHM case fatality rate was 11/89 (12%). Vaccination was associated with EHM development (4.54[2.23–9.27]; OR[95% CI]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and case fatality rate (3.9[1.1–14.4]; OR[95% CI]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.043). EHV-1-infected horses without EHM were more likely to return to competition (54/61; 89%) than those recovering from EHM (65/89; 73%; <i>p</i> = 0.024). It was initially 4.2 and decreased to &lt; 1 within 2 weeks of the outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2021 EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia, vaccination status appears to be associated with EHM development. Horses recovering from EHM had slightly lower chances of returning to competition than those shedding EHV-1 without EHM. The high R_t value underscores the contagious nature of EHV-1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Automated Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Quantification of Equine Insulin and Comparison to Five Other Immunoassays","authors":"Rose D. Nolen-Walston,&nbsp;Jeaneen C. Kulp,&nbsp;Darko Stefanovski,&nbsp;Andrew W. van Eps","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperinsulinemia is an important and treatable risk factor for laminitis in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the Tosoh AIA-360 automated fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of serum insulin concentrations in horses, and compare it to five other immunoassays for insulin quantification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred serum samples from 83 horses were submitted for insulin measurement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Tosoh AIA-360 was assessed against a reference assay (radioactive immunoassay; RIA). Using the same samples, TOS-FEIA, ELISA, and three chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) were assessed for correlation and agreement with RIA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The TOS-FEIA showed excellent correlation with RIA (<i>r</i>² = 0.94, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and good agreement, with a Bland–Altman constant bias (limits of agreement) of −23.8 μIU/mL (−74.6 to 27.0) and Passing–Bablok fit of <i>y</i> = −8.9 + 0.78<i>x</i>. Mean coefficients of variation were 1.8% for intra-assay and 5.7% for inter-assay precision, with mean recovery upon dilution of 104.2%. The assay comparison yielded good or excellent agreement (constant bias, limits of agreement) with RIA in the &lt; 100 μIU/mL cohort for the ELISA (−7.0, −21.4 to 7.4) and the Cobas e CLIA (−31.4, −60.9 to −1.6). Spuriously high results (2 to &gt; 10-fold of RIA result) were obtained in approximately 10% of results from both Immulite 2000 and 2000XPi CLIA analyzers, rendering the agreement poor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The TOS-FEIA had acceptable accuracy and precision for clinical use, including at concentrations of insulin &lt; 100 μIU/mL. The ELISA and one CLIA (Cobas e) showed acceptable accuracy, but the Cobas e demonstrated marked bias compared with RIA. Both Immulite CLIA assays exhibited unacceptable accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}