Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Generalized Tremors in Dogs: 198 Cases (2003–2023)","authors":"Theofanis Liatis,&nbsp;Sofie F. M. Bhatti,&nbsp;Steven De Decker","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs have not been extensively investigated in a large population of dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe semiology, tremor phenotype, and diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs, and identify clinical features that could be associated with the underlying disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 198 dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, single-center study of dogs with generalized tremors and a final or presumptive diagnosis between January 2003 and December 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs were intoxication (91/198; 46%), idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome (IGTS; 49/198; 24.7%), hypocalcemia (13/198; 6.6%), meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO; 9/198; 4.5%), hypoglycemia (6/198; 3%), hypercalcemia (5/198; 2.5%) and degenerative encephalopathies (5/198; 2.5%). Dogs with IGTS were females (<i>p</i> = 0.002), younger (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with an acute progressive lateralizing presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three), compared to dogs with intoxication that were males (<i>p</i> = 0.002), young and middle-aged (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with a hyperacute nonprogressive symmetric presentation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all three). Behavioral changes (<i>p</i> = 0.01), hypersalivation (<i>p</i> = 0.04), abnormal mentation (<i>p</i> = 0.01), bilateral mydriasis (<i>p</i> = 0.02) or generalized hyperesthesia (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were common in intoxication, whereas hyporexia and vestibulocerebellar signs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 both) were common in IGTS. Dogs manifested only tremors in intoxication (45%) compared with IGTS (22%; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Improvement within 48 h from the onset of signs without corticosteroid treatment occurred exclusively in dogs with intoxication (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intoxication and IGTS were the most common diseases associated with generalized tremors in dogs. Historical and clinical features may aid the clinician in adjusting their differential diagnoses and formulating a diagnostic and treatment plan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Cats in the United Kingdom: 34 Cases (2013–2022)","authors":"Oliver Luke Russell,&nbsp;Daisy Johnson,&nbsp;Frederik Allan,&nbsp;Cameron Prior,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell,&nbsp;Perrine Henry,&nbsp;Daniel Thompson,&nbsp;Jack Fawsitt,&nbsp;Claudia Gil Morales,&nbsp;Victoria Neale,&nbsp;Irene Strelitzia Garcia Molina,&nbsp;Harriet Hall,&nbsp;Ruth Gostelow,&nbsp;Andre Kortum","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis in cats is an uncommon condition with sparse literature regarding the presentation, causative agents, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis within the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe and report the presenting clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment approach, and outcome of cats diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis in the UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four client-owned cats were diagnosed with fungal rhinosinusitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective multicenter observational study. Cases presenting at 10 UK referral centers between January 2013 and December 2022 were retrospectively recruited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median duration of clinical signs was 3 months (0.5-42-months). The most common signs were sneezing (27/34, 79%) and nasal discharge (21/34, 62%). Turbinate lysis was present in 27/34 cases (79%) and always involved the caudal nasal cavity. Osteolysis of the frontal bone, orbit, or cribriform plate was observed in 16/34 cases (47%). At least two tests from fungal culture, panfungal PCR, and histopathology were performed in all cases, and in 8/34 cases (24%) only one was positive. The treatment approach varied, with debridement, topical clotrimazole, and systemic azole therapy used alone or in various combinations, and repeat treatment occurred in 9/34 cases (26%). Clinical remission &gt; 90 days after treatment was found in 9/24 cases (38%), but case fatality rates were low, with 3/34 cases (9%) dying with clinical disease during available follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fungal rhinosinusitis should be considered in cats of any age with clinical signs of nasal disease. The prognosis from this data appears guarded for cats with fungal rhinosinusitis, with less than 50% of cats achieving long-term clinical remission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Lactate Level as a Biomarker of Mucosal Immune Dysfunction in Horses With Colic","authors":"Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek,&nbsp;Zuzana Drábková,&nbsp;Vaiva Sergedaite,&nbsp;Natalia Siwińska,&nbsp;Joanna Bajzert,&nbsp;Dominika Pasak,&nbsp;Anna Chełmońska-Soyta","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colic-related obstructions can reduced intestinal mucosa function and cause dysbiosis in horses, but it is unclear how defense barrier and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion is disrupted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of severity of colic signs and treatments on fecal SIgA and fecal lactate in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-two client owned hospitalised horses with colic and eight healthy horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective clinical trial. Fecal samples were taken daily for 7 days. SIgA was analyzed using ELISA, and D/L-lactate measured with a commercial kit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At Day 0, SIgA values in the colic medical and colic surgical groups were significantly higher than in the control stable group (<i>U</i> = 126.0, <i>p</i> = 0.099, Cliff's ∆ = 0.58 and <i>U</i> = 248.0, <i>p</i> = 0.005, Cliff's ∆ = 0.72, respectively). We found significant correlation between fecal SIgA and fecal lactate level in D0 (<i>r</i>_s = 0.421, <i>p</i> = 0.038).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of using fecal samples to identify biomarkers of colic in horses. An increase in fecal SIgA in horses with colic might suggest the presence of inflammation within the intestines and disruption of the mucosal barrier. These data highlight changes in gastrointestinal barrier and immune function and the intestinal microbiota's metabolic activity in horses with colic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Horses Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital","authors":"Marion Allano,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault,&nbsp;Marie Archambault,&nbsp;Julie-Hélène Fairbrother,&nbsp;Frédéric Sauvé","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, including in veterinary settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the prevalence, risk factors for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA) and MRSA colonization, and the duration of MRSA colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elective cases admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were recruited (228 horses).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 years. Nasal swabs were collected at admission and cultured for SA. Methicillin-resistant isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology, oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR testing. Horses colonized with MRSA were resampled until two negative cultures were obtained. Stabling management, activity, and medical history were obtained from owners and medical files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between risk factors and colonization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of SA and of MRSA nasal carriage was 17.5% (95% CI: 12.4–22.7) and 6.2% (95% CI: 2.9–9.4), respectively. Of the 10 horses colonized by MRSA and monitored over time, only one tested positive after 3 months. More than 10 horses on the premises (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.1–64.2), previous hospitalization (OR 6.0 – 95% CI 1.0–35.2), and year of admission (2022 vs. 2020–2021; OR 9.0 – 95% CI 1.7–92.2) were associated with MRSA nasal carriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization is of concern; however, the carriage seems transitory. Apart from the medical risk factors, the importance of social interactions in MRSA transmission needs to be elucidated in horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bromethalin Exposure in Dogs and Cats: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2010–2023) From the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System","authors":"Sigal Klainbart,&nbsp;Marcos Pérez-López,&nbsp;Michael S. Filigenzi,&nbsp;Robert H. Poppenga","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin, a rodenticide, is increasingly used due to restrictions on other rodenticides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to analyze the frequency, demographics, clinical signs, and diagnostics of suspected bromethalin intoxication in dogs and cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred twenty-three cases (249 samples) involving 123 dogs and 100 cats suspected or confirmed to have bromethalin intoxication were submitted to the toxicology laboratory at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective cohort study. Between 2010 and 2023, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry was used to detect desmethylbromethalin (DMB), bromethalin's metabolite, in various tissues and serum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases increased 2.8-fold from 59 (2010–2016) to 164 (2017–2023). Cats were significantly younger (median 24 months, IQR: 41.5) than dogs (36 months, IQR: 60.0; <i>p</i> = 0.016) and were more likely to have confirmed DMB exposure (60% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Submitted samples for analysis were adipose tissue (37%), liver (20%), and brain (19%). Clinical signs included seizures, tremors, weakness, and paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 17 dogs and cats were consistent with bromethalin intoxication in 77% of cases. Autopsies (33 cases) revealed CNS lesions compatible with bromethalin toxicosis in 2/8 dogs and in 24/25 cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bromethalin exposure is increasingly prevalent in pets. Adipose tissue remains the most reliable sample for diagnosis; cats are more likely to test positive for DMB and exhibit compatible autopsy results. MRI findings can also support the diagnosis. These insights could assist in diagnosing and managing bromethalin intoxication in pets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy-Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats","authors":"Elise Martens,&nbsp;Rachel Hritz,&nbsp;Craig Clifford,&nbsp;Christine Mullin,&nbsp;Corrine Camero,&nbsp;Kai-Biu Shiu,&nbsp;Catherine Chan,&nbsp;Chelsea del Alcazar,&nbsp;Carol DeRegis,&nbsp;Lindsay Donnelly,&nbsp;Bryan Marker,&nbsp;Katarzyna Purzycka,&nbsp;Kathryn Vickery","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty dogs and three cats were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG-CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 5) resulted in Grades III–IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (<i>n</i> = 9) resulted in Grades 0–V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (<i>n</i> = 5) and rabacfosadine (<i>n</i> = 1) resulted in Grades II–III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (<i>n</i> = 2) and dacarbazine (<i>n</i> = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Evaluation of Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","authors":"Yeon Joon Park,&nbsp;Alexander J. German,&nbsp;David Brewer,&nbsp;Erin O'Connell","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is abnormally increased in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Changes in dogs with gastrointestinal disease, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), have not been assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate SDMA concentration in non-azotemic dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 127 client-owned dogs, 17 with PLE, 34 controls matched for age, breed, sex, and neuter status, and 76 additional controls for multiple linear regression modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. The clinical records of a United Kingdom referral hospital were reviewed. Dogs with azotemia or prior glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive treatment were excluded. Dogs diagnosed with PLE that had serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations measured were compared with the matched controls. Signalment, clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities, treatment, and SDMA concentration pre- (PLE-T0) and post- (PLE-T1) treatment were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline, SDMA concentration was higher in PLE (T0, 15.2 ± 2.02 μg/dL) than in control (11.0 ± 3.13 μg/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 1.48), but decreased with treatment (PLE-T1: 10.3 ± 2.78 μg/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.01, Hedge's G, 1.31). Serum creatinine concentration was similar in PLE (T0, 0.81 ± 0.24 μg/dL) and control (0.85 ± 0.26 μg/dL) dogs at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.57; Hedge's G, 0.18). Serum albumin concentration was lower in PLE (1.60 ± 0.51 g/dL) than in control (2.96 ± 0.49 g/dL) dogs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; Hedge's G, 2.68) before treatment, but increased with treatment (PLE-T1: 2.29 ± 0.65 g/dL; T0 vs. T1: <i>p</i> = 0.003; Hedge's G, 1.14), although it remained lower than the concentration in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.002; Hedge's G, 1.23). No other clinicopathological differences were evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum SDMA concentration is increased in dogs with PLE; the clinical relevance of this finding requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Vinblastine for the Treatment of Large Cell Lymphoma in Cats","authors":"Lee Pui Yung Anna,&nbsp;Rodrigo Horta,&nbsp;Cheryl Nathalie Sze,&nbsp;Antonio Giuliano","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The standard chemotherapy treatment for large-cell lymphoma in cats is CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) or COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy protocols. Substituting vinblastine for vincristine might have similar efficacy, with lower severity of gastrointestinal adverse events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate whether the addition of vinblastine to a low-dose vincristine COP protocol could reduce the frequency and severity of adverse gastrointestinal effects while maintaining or increasing efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 41 cats with large-cell lymphoma treated with the modified COVP protocol at one veterinary referral institution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case series study. All relevant clinical data were retrospectively collected. Median progression-free survival, disease-free interval, and survival time were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier Method. Differences between groups were analyzed using the log-rank test, and adverse events were graded using VCOG-CTCAE v2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progression-free survival was 264 days (range, 6–1486 days), the disease-free interval was 812 days (range, 39–1486 days) and the median survival time for all cats was 412 days (range, 7–1772 days). Complete response was achieved in 59% of the cases, and partial response was observed in 17%. Cats that achieved CR lived significantly longer, 838 days (range, 81–1772 days) versus 143 days (range, 10–798 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0018). The COVP protocol was generally well tolerated, and the most common adverse effects were mild signs of gastrointestinal disease and hematological abnormalities that did not require a pause in treatment. Grade-1 vomiting was the most common (24%), followed by grade-2 (22%) and grade-1 reduced appetite (20%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with lymphoma treated with COVP seem to achieve acceptable survival and response rates compared to traditional chemotherapy protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Lipidosis in Horses and Donkeys: 25 Cases (2008–2022)","authors":"Kali Slavik,&nbsp;Susan Bender,&nbsp;Leslie Sharkey,&nbsp;Rose Nolen-Walston","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis is a well-documented histologic finding in humans and small animals with renal and metabolic disorders, but it is not well described in equids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the signalment, clinicopathologic indices, and postmortem findings of equids with a histologic diagnosis of both hepatic and renal lipidosis (HL + RL) and compare them to cases with hepatic lipidosis only (HL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equids with necropsy findings of renal or hepatic lipidosis (state diagnostic lab) between 2008 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective case–control study. Signalment, history, necropsy diagnosis, and selected biochemical data at admission were extracted from medical records. Each case of HL + RL was assigned a matched case from group HL for comparison of clinical data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis was diagnosed in 0.5% (25/4680) of equid necropsies. Donkeys (7/13) and pony/miniature horses (13/37) with hepatic lipidosis were more likely to also have renal lipidosis compared to horses (5/141; <i>p</i> = 0.0006, RR = 15.1and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, RR = 9.9, respectively). No cases of renal lipidosis were identified without concurrent hepatic lipidosis. The predominant presenting complaints involved gastrointestinal (16/25) and neurologic (12/25) systems. Compared to group HL, group HL + RL had significantly higher admission plasma lactate concentration (+6.2 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04–13.1, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and GGT activity (+246 U/L, 95% CI −480.4–1870, <i>p</i> = 0.02). No significant differences were detected in creatinine or triglyceride concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal lipidosis is an occasional postmortem finding in equids with hepatic lipidosis and is more common in donkeys, ponies, and miniature horses compared to horses. The clinical implications of renal lipidosis remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Paricalcitol on Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Proteinuria in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Hilla Chen,&nbsp;Gilad Segev,&nbsp;Michal Mazaki-Tovi","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) is an inevitable consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Paricalcitol might safely attenuate RHPT and proteinuria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paricalcitol decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) and proteinuria in dogs with CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen dogs with naturally acquired CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive a placebo or paricalcitol (14 ng/kg/day) in a crossover design of 2, 12-week arms. Dogs were evaluated every 3 weeks. Associations between treatment, visit, and the outcome variables were assessed using generalized estimating equations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PTH decreased by 22% (95% CI, 7%–35%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) in the paricalcitol-treated dogs and increased by 18% (95% CI, 2%–37%, <i>p</i> = 0.022) in the placebo-treated dogs with each visit. FGF-23 at 12 weeks increased compared with baseline in the paricalcitol-treated (mean 6941 pg/mL, 95% CI, 1781–20 057 vs. 489 pg/mL, 95% CI, 188–1272, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively), but not in the placebo-treated dogs (696 pg/mL, 95% CI, 316–1531 vs. 955 pg/mL, 95% CI, 308–2963, <i>p</i> = 0.529). Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio at 12 weeks increased compared with baseline in the placebo-treated (0.8, 95% CI, 0.3–1.3 vs. 0.5, 95% CI, 0.2–0.9, <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively), but not in the paricalcitol-treated dogs (0.6, 95% CI, 0.3–0.9 vs. 1.0, 95% CI, 0.1–1.8, <i>p</i> = 0.35). Ionized calcium was unchanged between baseline and 12 weeks in the paricalcitol- and placebo-treated groups (1.3 mmol/L, 95% CI, 1.29–1.35 and 1.34, 95% CI, 1.27–1.40 vs. 1.30, 95% CI, 1.25–1.35, <i>p</i> = 0.12 and 1.28, 95% CI, 1.24–1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.034, respectively). However, 7/13 dogs developed mild hypercalcemia. Adverse effects were not reported by the owners.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paricalcitol attenuated RHPT and stabilized renal proteinuria in dogs with CKD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}