Learning & Behavior最新文献_第4页

The order of stimuli matters when learning second-order transitional probabilities. 学习二阶过渡概率时，刺激物的顺序很重要。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z

Laura Lazartigues, Fabien Mathy, Carlos Aguilar, Frédéric Lavigne

{"title":"The order of stimuli matters when learning second-order transitional probabilities.","authors":"Laura Lazartigues, Fabien Mathy, Carlos Aguilar, Frédéric Lavigne","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z","url":null,"abstract":"The order of stimuli within sequences and the transitional probabilities (TPs) it generates are central information in sequence processing. However, less is known about what type of information and how it is extracted by general learning mechanisms. The present study focused on statistical learning of second-order TPs. Second-order TPs are involved when only the combination of two stimuli predicts the third. In a first experiment, TPs depended crucially on the order of presentation of a pair <math><mrow><mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>B</mi></mrow> </math> , which led to different predictions depending on the order of the stimuli (i.e., ABC vs. BAF). Eight visuomotor sequences governed by second-order TPs were used and response times (RTs) were recorded for each transition. The task included a learning phase followed by a switch phase during which the second-order TP were reversed (e.g., the sequences ABC and BAF became respectively ABF and BAC). A decrease of RTs between the second and the third stimulus during the learning phase and an increase of RTs during the switch phase suggested that variations of orders within second-order TPs could be learned. Further analyses, however, indicated that such learning was difficult for most participants. A second experiment showed that the difficulty of learning was not solely due to the difficulty to pick up the effect of order of presentation, but that learning second-order transitional probabilities in addition to order would be the main obstacle. These experiments suggest that statistical learning is capable of learning complex associations, even if this remains a challenge for human cognition.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"183-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing preferences for adult versus juvenile features in young animals: Newly hatched chicks spontaneously approach red and large stimuli. 评估幼年动物对成年特征和幼年特征的偏好：刚出壳的雏鸟自发地接近红色和大型刺激物

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z

Laura V Freeland, Michael G Emmerson, Vera Vasas, Josephine Gomes, Elisabetta Versace

{"title":"Assessing preferences for adult versus juvenile features in young animals: Newly hatched chicks spontaneously approach red and large stimuli.","authors":"Laura V Freeland, Michael G Emmerson, Vera Vasas, Josephine Gomes, Elisabetta Versace","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z","url":null,"abstract":"Young precocial birds benefit from staying close to both their mother and their siblings, while prioritising adults, which provide better care. Which features of the stimuli are used by young birds to prioritise approach and eventually attachment to adults over siblings is unknown. We started to address this question in newly hatched domestic chicks (Gallus gallus), focusing on their spontaneous preferences for visual features that systematically vary between adult and juvenile chickens, and that had previously been identified as attractive: size (larger in adults than in juveniles) and colour (darker and redder in adults than in juveniles). Overall, chicks at their first visual experience, that had never seen a conspecific beforehand, were most attracted to the red and large stimuli (two adult features) and spent more time in close proximity with red stimuli than with yellow stimuli. When tested with red large versus small objects (Exp. 1), chicks preferred the large shape. When tested with yellow large and small objects (Exp. 2), chicks did not show a preference. Chicks had a stronger preference for large red stimuli (vs. small yellow objects) than for small red stimuli (vs. a large yellow object) (Exp. 3). These results suggest that the combination of size and colour form the predisposition that helps chicks to spontaneously discriminate between adult and juvenile features from the first stages of life, in the absence of previous experience, exhibiting a preference to approach stimuli with features associated with the presence of adult conspecifics.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"145-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task. 体验性冲动任务中个体差异的最大会话内稳定性。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0

Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock

{"title":"Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task.","authors":"Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral measures of impulsivity and other traits often show weaker test-retest reliability than self-report measures. Weaker reliability impacts the assessment of individual differences in the trait or state being assessed. Behavioral tasks demonstrate greater sensitivity to state variables which may be a key reason for changes in ranked performance across time. The present study examines a single impulsivity task, the escalating interest task, and considers the design principles that may alter the within-session stability of the assessed behavior. A reanalysis of existing data is contrasted with new behavioral data to reveal that rapid changes in task contingencies produced more stable individual differences than prolonged exposure to each contingency. This outcome may be driven by expanding the number of contingencies experienced at each assessment or by keeping behavior in transition. An attempt to avoid floor or ceiling effects by increasing the ambiguity of the contingency, however, did not produce the desired result. The implications of these results for the escalating interest task as well as other behavioral tasks are considered.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity. 结果特异性巴甫洛夫-工具转移（PIT）的消失、工具结果贬值和奖励相关的注意捕获是由情感驱动的冲动性预测的。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1

Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall

{"title":"Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity.","authors":"Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","url":null,"abstract":"In two online experiments, we aimed to study the relationship between emotion dysregulation and persistence of incentive salience attributed to reward cues. Participants' negative urgency (NU) was assessed before they completed a value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) task measuring incentive salience as attentional sign-tracking. This consisted of two phases - rewarded and unrewarded - to evaluate the persistence of the VMAC effect. Subsequently, a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure was employed as another measure of incentive salience. In Experiment 1 both outcome-specific and general PIT effects were assessed, along with the impact of instrumental outcome devaluation (OD). Experiment 2 focused on the effect of Pavlovian extinction on specific PIT. Both outcome devaluation and extinction are indices of implicit emotion regulation. In Experiment 1, the OD index showed a significant positive correlation with specific PIT and a negative correlation with the NU score. In Experiment 2, the extinction index of specific PIT, linked to the level of explicit knowledge of the contingencies, correlated negatively with NU. The VMAC effect and its persistence showed correlations with NU, positive and negative, respectively (Experiment 1). No relationships were found between any measure of VMAC and OD or PIT effects in any of the experiments. These findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with increased attentional sign-tracking and can hinder action control and selection. These phenomena may be governed by distinct mechanisms, with the VMAC effect being more automatic and the specific PIT effect exhibiting varying degrees of goal-directed behavior depending on the effectiveness of implicit emotion regulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit. 揭示虾青素和DHA对围产期营养不良引起的氧化应激和认知缺陷的协同作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4

Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda

{"title":"Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit.","authors":"Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal undernutrition sensitizes offspring to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases, including cognitive dysfunction, which poses significant public health issues. Undernutrition is the most powerful condition of physiological stress, and epidemiological studies indicate detrimental effects on cognitive function and behavior in human offspring exposed to inadequate perinatal nutrition, leading to increased peroxidation of PUFAs in the brain. To address these issues, the present study investigated the protective effects of the antioxidant nutraceuticals astaxanthin (AsX) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the protective effect of DHA in the presence of antioxidants on the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition. Using a Wistar rat model, AsX and DHA improved learning and memory skills in perinatally undernourished offspring. The cognitive parameters included the RAM and NOR tests, and the oxidative stress parameters were assessed by the estimation of GSH, MDA, total nitrite, and TAC. This study revealed spatial learning, memory dysfunction, and abnormal exploratory behavior in offspring exposed to perinatal undernutrition at different time points in postnatal life, and these effects were ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition was also ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Induced oxidative stress was significantly correlated with cognitive function. This study revealed the potential of AsX and DHA supplementation during the perinatal period for the future development of cognitive dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of orthogonal hippocampal representations during spatial learning. 空间学习过程中海马体正交表征的出现。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00674-3

Verner P Bingman

引用次数: 0

Play in fowl and flies: The renaissance continues. 玩鸡和苍蝇：文艺复兴还在继续。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00675-2

Gordon M Burghardt

引用次数: 0

Memory encoded in the interactions of ants. 记忆编码在蚂蚁的相互作用中。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00668-1

Tomer J Czaczkes

引用次数: 0

The role of associative learning in sensitization. 联想学习在敏化中的作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00659-8

Kenneth J Leising

引用次数: 0

Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory replay. 外显记忆重放啮齿动物模型的验证

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5

Cassandra L Sheridan, Danielle Panoz-Brown, Richard M Shiffrin, Jonathon D Crystal

{"title":"Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory replay.","authors":"Cassandra L Sheridan, Danielle Panoz-Brown, Richard M Shiffrin, Jonathon D Crystal","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5","url":null,"abstract":"Vivid episodic memories in humans have been described as the replay of the flow of past events in sequential order. Recently, Panoz-Brown et al. Current Biology, 28, 1628-1634, (2018) developed an olfactory memory task in which rats were presented with a list of trial-unique odors in an encoding context; next, in a distinctive memory assessment context, the rats were rewarded for choosing the second to last item from the list while avoiding other items from the list. In a different memory assessment context, the fourth to last item was rewarded. According to the episodic memory replay hypothesis, the rat remembers the list items and searches these items to find the item at the targeted locations in the list. However, events presented sequentially differ in memory trace strength, allowing a rat to use the relative familiarity of the memory traces, instead of episodic memory replay, to solve the task. Here, we directly manipulated memory trace strength by manipulating the odor intensity of target odors in both the list presentation and memory assessment. The rats relied on episodic memory replay to solve the memory assessment in conditions in which reliance on memory trace strength is ruled out. We conclude that rats are able to replay episodic memories.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0