Learning & Behavior最新文献

Correction: To know or not to know? Curiosity and the value of prospective information in animals.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00667-2

Victor Ajuwon, Tiago Monteiro, Alexandra K Schnell, Nicola S Clayton

引用次数: 0

Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0

Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu

{"title":"Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance.","authors":"Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","url":null,"abstract":"Disgust is a basic emotion that motivates avoidance behaviors to protect organisms from pathogens. Objects of disgust are acquired through classical conditioning mechanisms. Oculomotor avoidance serves as an objective marker of disgust, yet previous studies have relied on repeated presentations to establish disgust conditioning. This study aimed to adapt the category-conditioning paradigm (Dunsmoor et al., Cerebral Cortex, 24, 2859-2872, 2014) for disgust learning by employing trial-unique presentations, offering a novel tool for future research. In our experiment, items of two categories - furniture and vehicles - were paired with either disgusting or neutral scenes. Participants' eye movements were tracked, and self-reported measures were collected. The results demonstrated that the category-conditioning task with trial-unique stimuli effectively induced oculomotor avoidance. Participants exhibited both unconditioned avoidance responses to disgusting scenes and conditioned avoidance responses to category items associated with disgust. Eye-tracking data further revealed that disgust-associated stimuli motivated avoidance beyond their role as mere predictors of an aversive stimulus. Interestingly, participants initially exhibited a tendency to view the disgusting image before engaging in avoidance behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the adapted category-conditioning paradigm successfully elicits conditioned responses using trial-unique stimuli. We believe that this paradigm will provide a valuable tool for future research on disgust learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory encoded in the interactions of ants.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00668-1

Tomer J Czaczkes

引用次数: 0

Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7

Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti

{"title":"Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues.","authors":"Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite numerous studies on individual recognition having been carried out on lizards, a clear demonstration that lizards are able to identify conspecifics is still lacking. Individual recognition in lizards involves identifying conspecifics based on distinctive characteristics, including physical, acoustic, and chemical cues. Lizards use specialized epidermal glands for intraspecific communication, which secrete a mixture of proteins and lipids. To demonstrate individual recognition, a training period needs to be devised to establish associations between traits and memories of interactions with other individuals. We thus performed a 3-week study on the common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) to assess whether lizards are able to associate between previous experience with conspecifics and their chemical signals. Further, we investigated whether proteins played a role in this association. We acclimated 40 males to laboratory conditions during the first week. In the second week, we trained lizards to develop familiarity with odors (feces, urine, skin, femoral gland secretion) from previously unknown individuals. During the third week, we tested lizards by exposing them to odors from familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Lizards examined unfamiliar signals for longer in terms of time and frequency compared to familiar ones. These results form the basis of showing that lizards may be capable of recognizing conspecifics as different individuals, based on their chemical signals, even if the observed discrimination remains at the level of familiarity and unfamiliarity. The experiment does, however, demonstrate evidence of learned responses in common wall lizards.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of associative learning in sensitization.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00659-8

Kenneth J Leising

引用次数: 0

Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory replay. 外显记忆重放啮齿动物模型的验证

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5

Cassandra L Sheridan, Danielle Panoz-Brown, Richard M Shiffrin, Jonathon D Crystal

{"title":"Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory replay.","authors":"Cassandra L Sheridan, Danielle Panoz-Brown, Richard M Shiffrin, Jonathon D Crystal","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00632-5","url":null,"abstract":"Vivid episodic memories in humans have been described as the replay of the flow of past events in sequential order. Recently, Panoz-Brown et al. Current Biology, 28, 1628-1634, (2018) developed an olfactory memory task in which rats were presented with a list of trial-unique odors in an encoding context; next, in a distinctive memory assessment context, the rats were rewarded for choosing the second to last item from the list while avoiding other items from the list. In a different memory assessment context, the fourth to last item was rewarded. According to the episodic memory replay hypothesis, the rat remembers the list items and searches these items to find the item at the targeted locations in the list. However, events presented sequentially differ in memory trace strength, allowing a rat to use the relative familiarity of the memory traces, instead of episodic memory replay, to solve the task. Here, we directly manipulated memory trace strength by manipulating the odor intensity of target odors in both the list presentation and memory assessment. The rats relied on episodic memory replay to solve the memory assessment in conditions in which reliance on memory trace strength is ruled out. We conclude that rats are able to replay episodic memories.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cuttlefish favour their current need to hide rather than their future need for food.

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00663-y

Poncet Lisa, Roig Anthony, Pauline Billard, Bellanger Cécile, Jozet-Alves Christelle

{"title":"Cuttlefish favour their current need to hide rather than their future need for food.","authors":"Poncet Lisa, Roig Anthony, Pauline Billard, Bellanger Cécile, Jozet-Alves Christelle","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00663-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00663-y","url":null,"abstract":"Episodic memory and future thinking are generally considered as two parts of the same mental time travelling system in vertebrates. Modern cephalopods, with their independent evolutionary lineage and their complex cognitive abilities, appear as promising species to determine whether these abilities have separate evolutionary histories or not. In our study, we tested future-planning abilities in a cephalopod species which has been shown to possess episodic-like memory abilities: the common cuttlefish. They were tested on their ability to plan for a future need for food instead of following their current need to hide. To explore the flexibility in such future-planning behaviour, we varied the protective value of the shelter. No future-planning behaviour was observed in cuttlefish during our experiment regardless of the value of the shelter provided. From one perspective, as cuttlefish were facing a trade-off decision, the attractiveness of the shelter (to satisfy their current need) might have been of higher value than their future need to eat (low drive for food). By contrast, our results might reflect an inability of cuttlefish to act in the present to secure future needs, suggesting that episodic memory and future planning might be distinct cognitive traits with their own evolutionary histories. Identifying both similarities and differences in complex cognition between vertebrate species and cephalopods is important to pinpoint which evolutionary pressures have led to the emergence of complex cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":"53 1","pages":"128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why we should study animal consciousness. 我们为什么要研究动物的意识

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00639-y

Noam Miller

引用次数: 0

There's "magic" in comparative cognition. 比较认知有 "魔力"。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00634-3

Michael J Beran

引用次数: 0

To know or not to know? Curiosity and the value of prospective information in animals. 知道还是不知道？动物的好奇心和前瞻性信息的价值。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00647-y

Victor Ajuwon, Tiago Monteiro, Alexandra K Schnell, Nicola S Clayton

{"title":"To know or not to know? Curiosity and the value of prospective information in animals.","authors":"Victor Ajuwon, Tiago Monteiro, Alexandra K Schnell, Nicola S Clayton","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00647-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00647-y","url":null,"abstract":"Humans and other animals often seek instrumental information to strategically improve their decisions in the present. Our curiosity also leads us to acquire non-instrumental information that is not immediately useful but can be encoded in memory and stored for use in the future by means of episodic recall. Despite its adaptive benefits and central role in human cognition, questions remain about the cognitive mechanisms and evolutionary origins that underpin curiosity. Here, we comparatively review recent empirical studies that some authors have suggested reflects curiosity in nonhuman animals. We focus on findings from laboratory tasks in which individuals can choose to gain advanced information about uncertain future outcomes, even though the information cannot be used to increase future rewards and is often costly. We explore the prevalence of preferences in these tasks across animals, discuss the theoretical advances that they have promoted, and outline some limitations in contemporary research. We also discuss several features of human curiosity that can guide future empirical research aimed at characterising and understanding curiosity in animals. Though the prevalence of curiosity in animals is actively debated, we surmise that investigating behavioural candidates for curiosity-motivated behaviour in a broader range of species and contexts, should help promote theoretical advances in our understanding of cognitive principles and evolutionary pressures that support curiosity-driven behaviour.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0