Learning & Behavior最新文献

Eavesdropping and contagious alarming in bird communities. 鸟类群落的窃听和传染性警报。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z

Federica Rossetto, Gonçalo C Cardoso, Paola Laiolo

{"title":"Eavesdropping and contagious alarming in bird communities.","authors":"Federica Rossetto, Gonçalo C Cardoso, Paola Laiolo","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z","url":null,"abstract":"Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls can provide valuable information about predator presence and therefore yield survival benefits. However, if, how, and why individuals react to heterospecific alarms is poorly known. If heterospecific alarms trigger a response, individuals might either stop their own vocal activity (acoustic suppression), to avoid being detected, or start alarming (acoustic stimulation), to warn conspecifics or deter predators. Here, we performed playback experiments with the alarms of 14 common forest passerine species and tested whether heterospecifics changed their acoustic behavior after playbacks and whether this involved suppression or stimulation. Moreover, we tested whether bird behavior was influenced by species-specific attributes such as escape capability, the propensity of being predated by raptors and carnivorous mammals, and the acoustic properties of alarms affecting detectability. Birds uttered alarms more frequently after playbacks than after silent controls, gave the same alarms as they normally use in response to conspecifics, and did not suppress their acoustic activity after playbacks. These results indicate that birds perceive threat from heterospecific alarms and are contagiously stimulated to alarm, rather than inhibited. Species with morphological attributes that promote agility and suffering low predation rates were more acoustically stimulated by heterospecific alarms, irrespective of the acoustic properties of the playback or their own alarms, indicating that the propensity to join into an alarm calling bout is mediated by predation risk. This study provides evidence for contagious alarming across species, for potential costs of responding to these stimuli, and shows a facilitative role of signalers within communities.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Divergence in bonobo and chimpanzee social life. 倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩社会生活的差异。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00642-3

Christopher Krupenye

引用次数: 0

Just keep exploring: Genetics of fish niche adaptation. 不断探索鱼类生态位适应的遗传学

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00649-w

Kathleen M Munley

引用次数: 0

Noisy nests: Early-life noise exposure impacts songbird fitness. 嘈杂的巢穴：生命早期的噪音暴露会影响鸣禽的适应能力

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00654-z

Christopher N Templeton

引用次数: 0

Watched or not: Overimitation in dogs under different attentional states. 观察与否：狗在不同注意状态下的过度模仿。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00635-2

Louise Mackie, Jeanne Trehorel, Ludwig Huber

{"title":"Watched or not: Overimitation in dogs under different attentional states.","authors":"Louise Mackie, Jeanne Trehorel, Ludwig Huber","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00635-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00635-2","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have been documented to 'overimitate' humans - a form of social learning - by copying their causally-irrelevant actions. It is suggested that this behaviour results from social, affiliative motivations. Dogs have also been known to behave differently when they are being watched (or not) by humans, such as by following commands better (or worse). In this study, we tested whether dogs' copying behaviour would also be sensitive to their caregiver's attentional states. The subject's caregiver demonstrated irrelevant and relevant actions in the dot-touching overimitation task, then during trials the caregiver was either watching their dog or turned away. Our results revealed no difference in dogs' irrelevant-action copying; however, we found that dogs approached the dots less per trial when their caregiver was watching them. Dogs also copied their caregiver's leftward sliding of a door (to obtain a food reward) more accurately when they were being watched by their caregiver. Finally, dogs who copied the irrelevant action did so more often after obtaining their food reward, which supports that these dogs may have had two separate goals: a primary instrumental goal and a secondary social goal.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Route learning and transport of resources during colony relocation in Australian desert ants. 澳大利亚沙漠蚂蚁在蚁群迁移过程中的路线学习和资源运输。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00652-1

Sudhakar Deeti, Donald James McLean, Trevor Murray, Ken Cheng

{"title":"Route learning and transport of resources during colony relocation in Australian desert ants.","authors":"Sudhakar Deeti, Donald James McLean, Trevor Murray, Ken Cheng","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00652-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00652-1","url":null,"abstract":"Many ant species can respond to dramatic changes in local conditions by relocating the entire colony to a new location. While we know that careful learning walks enable the homing behavior of foraging ants to their original nest, we do not know whether additional learning is required to navigate to the new nest location. To answer this question, we investigated the nest relocation behavior of a colony of Australian desert ants (Melophorus bagoti) that relocated their nest in response to heavy rainfall in the semidesert terrain of Alice Springs. We identified five types of behavior: exploration between nests (Old-to-New nest and New-to-Old nest), transport from Old to New nest, and relearning walks at Old and New nests. Initially, the workers performed relearning walks at the Old nest and exploratory walks between the Old and New nests. Once they completed the exploratory walks, the workers transported resources and brood to the new nest. Finally, we observed the workers performing relearning walks at the New nest. While the relearning walks at the Old nest were slow and appear to enable exploratory walks to the New nest, the relearning walks at the new nest were faster and appeared to enable homing from foraging trips. These observations shed insight on how learning helps these ants to respond to sudden changes in their environment.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"204-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remembering as an operant: Effects of instructional control and reinforcement on remembering behavior. 记忆是一种操作行为：指令控制和强化对记忆行为的影响

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00653-0

Víctor de Olives, Eduardo Polín, Vicente Pérez

引用次数: 0

Early-life group size influences response inhibition, but not the learning of it, in Japanese quails. 生活早期的群体大小会影响日本鹌鹑的反应抑制，但不会影响反应抑制的学习。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2

Kathryn Willcox, Alizée Vernouillet, Luc Lens, Frederick Verbruggen

{"title":"Early-life group size influences response inhibition, but not the learning of it, in Japanese quails.","authors":"Kathryn Willcox, Alizée Vernouillet, Luc Lens, Frederick Verbruggen","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2","url":null,"abstract":"In complex social environments, animals benefit from suppressing inappropriate responses (known as Response Inhibition) to avoid conflicts and maintain group cohesion. Recent research suggests that an individual's early-life social environment can shape their response inhibition. However, these findings have mostly been correlational, and results vary across species. Furthermore, the role of learning is often overlooked when measuring response inhibition, despite its potential importance to understanding group differences. We investigated the effect of early-life group size, a key determinant of social complexity, on response inhibition in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), whilst taking the role of learning into account. Quails (n = 120) were raised in either small groups of five or large groups of 15 individuals. Response inhibition was assessed using the cylinder task. Up to ten trials were administered to assess whether the birds' responses changed with increasing experience of the task. Among the quails that completed ten trials, we found that those raised in large groups consistently spent less time pecking the cylinder than those raised in small groups. The quails' responses were also influenced by their body condition, food motivation and sex. Importantly, the quails learned to inhibit their responses - successful trials increased, and time spent pecking the cylinder decreased, across ten trials. However, learning rates did not differ between the treatment groups. These findings suggest that early-life social group size promotes the development of response inhibition in quails, but not their learning of it, during the cylinder task.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing preferences for adult versus juvenile features in young animals: Newly hatched chicks spontaneously approach red and large stimuli. 评估幼年动物对成年特征和幼年特征的偏好：刚出壳的雏鸟自发地接近红色和大型刺激物

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z

Laura V Freeland, Michael G Emmerson, Vera Vasas, Josephine Gomes, Elisabetta Versace

{"title":"Assessing preferences for adult versus juvenile features in young animals: Newly hatched chicks spontaneously approach red and large stimuli.","authors":"Laura V Freeland, Michael G Emmerson, Vera Vasas, Josephine Gomes, Elisabetta Versace","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00638-z","url":null,"abstract":"Young precocial birds benefit from staying close to both their mother and their siblings, while prioritising adults, which provide better care. Which features of the stimuli are used by young birds to prioritise approach and eventually attachment to adults over siblings is unknown. We started to address this question in newly hatched domestic chicks (Gallus gallus), focusing on their spontaneous preferences for visual features that systematically vary between adult and juvenile chickens, and that had previously been identified as attractive: size (larger in adults than in juveniles) and colour (darker and redder in adults than in juveniles). Overall, chicks at their first visual experience, that had never seen a conspecific beforehand, were most attracted to the red and large stimuli (two adult features) and spent more time in close proximity with red stimuli than with yellow stimuli. When tested with red large versus small objects (Exp. 1), chicks preferred the large shape. When tested with yellow large and small objects (Exp. 2), chicks did not show a preference. Chicks had a stronger preference for large red stimuli (vs. small yellow objects) than for small red stimuli (vs. a large yellow object) (Exp. 3). These results suggest that the combination of size and colour form the predisposition that helps chicks to spontaneously discriminate between adult and juvenile features from the first stages of life, in the absence of previous experience, exhibiting a preference to approach stimuli with features associated with the presence of adult conspecifics.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"145-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The order of stimuli matters when learning second-order transitional probabilities. 学习二阶过渡概率时，刺激物的顺序很重要。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z

Laura Lazartigues, Fabien Mathy, Carlos Aguilar, Frédéric Lavigne

{"title":"The order of stimuli matters when learning second-order transitional probabilities.","authors":"Laura Lazartigues, Fabien Mathy, Carlos Aguilar, Frédéric Lavigne","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00646-z","url":null,"abstract":"The order of stimuli within sequences and the transitional probabilities (TPs) it generates are central information in sequence processing. However, less is known about what type of information and how it is extracted by general learning mechanisms. The present study focused on statistical learning of second-order TPs. Second-order TPs are involved when only the combination of two stimuli predicts the third. In a first experiment, TPs depended crucially on the order of presentation of a pair <math><mrow><mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>B</mi></mrow> </math> , which led to different predictions depending on the order of the stimuli (i.e., ABC vs. BAF). Eight visuomotor sequences governed by second-order TPs were used and response times (RTs) were recorded for each transition. The task included a learning phase followed by a switch phase during which the second-order TP were reversed (e.g., the sequences ABC and BAF became respectively ABF and BAC). A decrease of RTs between the second and the third stimulus during the learning phase and an increase of RTs during the switch phase suggested that variations of orders within second-order TPs could be learned. Further analyses, however, indicated that such learning was difficult for most participants. A second experiment showed that the difficulty of learning was not solely due to the difficulty to pick up the effect of order of presentation, but that learning second-order transitional probabilities in addition to order would be the main obstacle. These experiments suggest that statistical learning is capable of learning complex associations, even if this remains a challenge for human cognition.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"183-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0