Learning & Behavior最新文献

Divergence in bonobo and chimpanzee social life. 倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩社会生活的差异。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00642-3

Christopher Krupenye

引用次数: 0

Early-life group size influences response inhibition, but not the learning of it, in Japanese quails. 生活早期的群体大小会影响日本鹌鹑的反应抑制，但不会影响反应抑制的学习。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2

Kathryn Willcox, Alizée Vernouillet, Luc Lens, Frederick Verbruggen

{"title":"Early-life group size influences response inhibition, but not the learning of it, in Japanese quails.","authors":"Kathryn Willcox, Alizée Vernouillet, Luc Lens, Frederick Verbruggen","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00643-2","url":null,"abstract":"In complex social environments, animals benefit from suppressing inappropriate responses (known as Response Inhibition) to avoid conflicts and maintain group cohesion. Recent research suggests that an individual's early-life social environment can shape their response inhibition. However, these findings have mostly been correlational, and results vary across species. Furthermore, the role of learning is often overlooked when measuring response inhibition, despite its potential importance to understanding group differences. We investigated the effect of early-life group size, a key determinant of social complexity, on response inhibition in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), whilst taking the role of learning into account. Quails (n = 120) were raised in either small groups of five or large groups of 15 individuals. Response inhibition was assessed using the cylinder task. Up to ten trials were administered to assess whether the birds' responses changed with increasing experience of the task. Among the quails that completed ten trials, we found that those raised in large groups consistently spent less time pecking the cylinder than those raised in small groups. The quails' responses were also influenced by their body condition, food motivation and sex. Importantly, the quails learned to inhibit their responses - successful trials increased, and time spent pecking the cylinder decreased, across ten trials. However, learning rates did not differ between the treatment groups. These findings suggest that early-life social group size promotes the development of response inhibition in quails, but not their learning of it, during the cylinder task.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why might animals remember? A functional framework for episodic memory research in comparative psychology 动物为什么会记忆？比较心理学中外显记忆研究的功能框架

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00645-0

Alexandria Boyle, Simon A. B. Brown

{"title":"Why might animals remember? A functional framework for episodic memory research in comparative psychology","authors":"Alexandria Boyle, Simon A. B. Brown","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00645-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00645-0","url":null,"abstract":"One of Clayton’s major contributions to our understanding of animal minds has been her work on episodic-like memory. A central reason for the success of this work was its focus on ecological validity: rather than looking for episodic memory for arbitrary stimuli in artificial contexts, focussing on contexts in which episodic memory would serve a biological function such as food caching. This review aims to deepen this insight by surveying the numerous functions that have been proposed for episodic memory, articulating a philosophically grounded framework for understanding what exactly functions are, and drawing on these to make suggestions for future directions in the comparative cognitive psychology of episodic memory. Our review suggests four key insights. First, episodic memory may have more than one function and may have different functions in different species. Second, cross-disciplinary work is key to developing a functional account of episodic memory. Third, there is scope for further theoretical elaboration of proposals relating episodic memory to food caching and, in particular, future-oriented cognition. Finally, learning-related functions suggested by AI (artificial intelligence)-based models are a fruitful avenue for future behavioural research.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual selection for single song repertoires 单一曲目的性选择

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00641-4

Buddhamas Pralle Kriengwatana

引用次数: 0

Measuring spontaneous episodic future thinking in children: Challenges and opportunities 测量儿童的自发偶发未来思维：挑战与机遇

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00644-1

Pham Q. A., Gladys Ayson, Cristina M. Atance, Tashauna L. Blankenship

{"title":"Measuring spontaneous episodic future thinking in children: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Pham Q. A., Gladys Ayson, Cristina M. Atance, Tashauna L. Blankenship","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00644-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00644-1","url":null,"abstract":"The “Spoon task” is a common measure of episodic future thinking (i.e., ability to imagine hypothetical future events) in children. However, by providing items and prompting children to choose one, this task might not require deliberate and goal-driven episodic future thinking. In contrast, “spontaneous” Spoon tasks may better reflect Tulving’s original conception as they minimize environmental cues and verbal prompts. We identify challenges in designing such tasks, including removing the scaffolded intention to act and giving children permission and sufficient motivation to act. Drawing on the comparative literature, we propose methods to overcome these obstacles when designing spontaneous Spoon tasks. Furthermore, sampling from the work of Clayton and colleagues, we advocate for a multipronged approach including two or more of the following methods in order to capture spontaneous behavior: naturalistic observation, virtually administered tasks within the child’s home, laboratory experiments, and questionnaires. Our review highlights the importance of spontaneous episodic future thinking and establishes a foundation for future methodologies to study this complex cognitive process.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal-directed bodily signals in birds and frogs 鸟类和青蛙的目标定向身体信号

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00640-5

Kirsty E. Graham

引用次数: 0

Why we should study animal consciousness. 我们为什么要研究动物的意识

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00639-y

Noam Miller

引用次数: 0

Object permanence in rooks (Corvus frugilegus): Individual differences and behavioral considerations. 乌鸦（Corvus frugilegus）的物体持久性：个体差异与行为考虑。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00637-0

Francesca M Cornero, Nicola S Clayton

{"title":"Object permanence in rooks (Corvus frugilegus): Individual differences and behavioral considerations.","authors":"Francesca M Cornero, Nicola S Clayton","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00637-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00637-0","url":null,"abstract":"Piagetian object permanence (OP) refers to the ability to know that an object continues to exist when out of sight: In humans, it develops in six stages. Species of great apes, other mammals, and birds (parrots, corvids, and pigeons) have been shown to possess partial or full OP, which is a prerequisite for more complex physical cognition abilities they may possess. In birds, the greatest variation is in Stage 6 (invisible displacements) and in \"A-not-B\" errors-incorrectly persevering in searching an empty location rewarded previously. Caching abilities have been invoked as holding explanatory power over results in corvids, for which this error is sometimes completely absent. The rook (Corvus frugilegus), a cognitively advanced, social, caching corvid, has not yet been studied for OP. This study applies tasks of one OP scale commonly adapted for nonhuman animals, Uzgiris and Hunt's Scale 1, as well as later-conceived tasks 16 and S, to a sample of adult, captive rooks. One rook demonstrated full OP (Stage 6b, multiple invisible displacements), whereas other individuals varied, attaining between Stages 5a (single visible displacements) and 6a (single invisible displacements). Like some corvids, a few made transient \"A-not-B\" errors. Behavioral considerations potentially underlying observed individual variation in results in rooks, including dominance, neophobia, past experiences, and individual idiosyncrasies, are examined. Rooks, like other corvids, possess well-developed OP abilities, and these results support the idea that exertion of executive control is required to avoid \"A-not-B\" errors, rather than caching abilities or developmental age, as previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No evidence of real-world equivalence in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) categorizing visually diverse images of natural stimuli presented on LCD monitors. 没有证据表明鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus）在对液晶显示器上呈现的自然刺激物的视觉多样性图像进行分类时具有真实世界等效性。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00623-6

Jad Nasrini, Robert R Hampton

{"title":"No evidence of real-world equivalence in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) categorizing visually diverse images of natural stimuli presented on LCD monitors.","authors":"Jad Nasrini, Robert R Hampton","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00623-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00623-6","url":null,"abstract":"Category learning is often tested with similar images that have no significance outside of the experiment for the subjects. By contrast, in nature animals often need to generalize a behavioral response like \"eat\" across visually distinct stimuli, such as spiders and seeds. Forming functional categories like \"food\" and \"predator\" may require conceptual rather than purely perceptual generalization. We trained free-range chickens to classify images assigned to one of four categories based on putative functional significance: inanimate objects, predators, food, and non-competing vertebrates. Images were visually diverse within each category, discouraging classification by perceptual similarity alone. In Experiment 1, chickens classified 80 images into four categories. Chickens then generalized to 80 new exemplars in each of three successive generalization tests. In Experiment 2, chickens saw new types of images to test whether their generalization was perceptual or functional. For example, chickens saw images of skunks for the predator category after training with images of hawks and snakes. Chickens used the \"predator\" response with these new images for both predators and non-threatening vertebrates, but not for objects or food, and did not successfully generalize any category other than predator. In Experiment 3, chickens categorized fractals as \"food,\" and three of four chickens categorized a range of vertebrates they had not previously encountered as \"predators,\" suggesting that chickens did not see the images as representing real world objects and animals. These results highlight constraints on the use of computer-generated images to assess categorization of natural stimuli in chickens.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Cooooooommmmmmmeeeeeeeee heeeerrrrrreeeee . . . . Momma dolphin has something to say". "咕咚咕咚.......海豚妈妈有话要说"。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00602-3

Heather M Manitzas Hill

引用次数: 0