Learning & Behavior最新文献_第10页

Same as it ever was: Bird nest (a)symmetry? 和以前一样:鸟巢(a)对称?

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00550-4

Andrés Camacho-Alpízar, Lauren M Guillette

引用次数: 2

Rearing condition and willingness to approach a stranger explain differences in point following performance in wolves and dogs. 饲养条件和接近陌生人的意愿可以解释狼和狗的追点表现差异。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00544-2

Christina Hansen Wheat, Wouter van der Bijl, Clive D L Wynne

引用次数: 0

Pigeons learn two matching tasks, two nonmatching tasks, or one of each. 鸽子学习两个匹配的任务，两个不匹配的任务，或者各学一个。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00530-8

Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng, Peyton M Mueller

{"title":"Pigeons learn two matching tasks, two nonmatching tasks, or one of each.","authors":"Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng, Peyton M Mueller","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00530-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00530-8","url":null,"abstract":"When pigeons learn matching-to-sample or nonmatching-to-sample there is good evidence that they can transfer that learning to novel stimuli. But early evidence suggests that in the rate of task acquisition, there is no benefit from a matching relation between the sample and the correct or incorrect comparison stimulus. In the present research we trained three groups of pigeons, each on two two-stimulus tasks simultaneously, matching-matching, nonmatching-nonmatching, or matching-nonmatching. If a common matching or nonmatching relationship benefits acquisition, the first two groups should acquire their tasks faster than the third group, for which the two tasks ought to be incompatible. The results indicated that all three groups acquired their tasks at about the same rate. A secondary goal of the experiment was to determine the basis of learning for the each of the three groups. During testing, for each task, there were test trials in which one of the stimuli from the other task replaced either the correct or the incorrect comparison stimulus. Surprisingly, neither comparison stimulus appeared to show complete control over comparison choice. Although replacing either comparison stimulus resulted in a decrement in task accuracy from about 90% to 70% correct, independent of which comparison stimulus was replaced, the pigeons chose correctly at well above chance accuracy. Suggestions to explain this unexpected outcome are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9638112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the role of interference in sequence learning in Guinea baboons (Papio papio). 干扰在几内亚狒狒序列学习中的作用。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00537-1

Laura Ordonez Magro, Joël Fagot, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey

{"title":"On the role of interference in sequence learning in Guinea baboons (Papio papio).","authors":"Laura Ordonez Magro, Joël Fagot, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00537-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00537-1","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that decay and interference are the two main causes of forgetting. In the present study, we specifically focus on the impact of interference on memory forgetting. To do so, we tested Guinea baboons (Papio papio) on a visuo-motor adaptation of the Serial Reaction Time task in which a target sequence is repeated, and a random sequence is interposed between repetitions, a similar situation as the one used in the Hebb repetition paradigm. In this task, one three-item sequence, the repeated sequence, was presented every second trial and interleaved with random sequences. Interference was implemented by using random sequences containing one item that was also part of the repeated sequence. In a first condition, the overlapping item was located at the same position as the repeated sequence. In a second condition, the overlapping item was located at one of the two other positions. In a third condition, there was no overlap between repeated and random sequences. Contrary to previous findings, our results reveal similar learning slopes across all three conditions, suggesting that interference did not affect sequence learning in the conditions tested. Findings are discussed in the light of previous research on sequence learning and current models of memory and statistical learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9647310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous learning of directional and non-directional stimulus relations in baboons (Papio papio). 狒狒对定向和非定向刺激关系的同时学习。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00522-8

Thomas F Chartier, Joël Fagot

{"title":"Simultaneous learning of directional and non-directional stimulus relations in baboons (Papio papio).","authors":"Thomas F Chartier, Joël Fagot","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00522-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00522-8","url":null,"abstract":"While humans exposed to a sequential stimulus pairing A-B are commonly assumed to form a bidirectional mental relation between A and B, evidence that non-human animals can do so is limited. Careful examination of the animal literature suggests possible improvements in the test procedures used to probe such effects, notably measuring transfer effects on the learning of B-A pairings, rather than direct recall of A upon cuing with B. We developed such an experimental design and tested 20 Guinea baboons (Papio papio). Two pairings of visual shapes were trained (A1-B1, A2-B2) and testing was conducted in a reversed order, either with conserved pairings (B1-A1, B2-A2) or broken ones (B1-A2, B2-A1). We found baboons' immediate test performance to be above chance level for conserved pairings and below chance level for broken ones. Moreover, baboons needed less trials to learn conserved pairings compared to broken ones. These effects were apparent for both pairings on average, and separately for the best learned pairing. Baboons' responding on B-A trials was thus influenced by their previous A-B training. Performance level at the onset of testing, however, suggests that baboons did not respond in full accordance with the hypothesis of bidirectionality. To account for these data, we suggest that two competing types of relations were concomitantly encoded: a directional relation between A and B, which retains the sequential order experienced, and a non-directional relation, which retains only the co-occurrence of events, not their temporal order.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Copy rats: Learning by observation during a foraging task by rats. 模仿老鼠:在老鼠的觅食任务中通过观察来学习。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00525-5

Corrine Keshen, Mark Cole, Sarah Buck, Peter Khouri

{"title":"Copy rats: Learning by observation during a foraging task by rats.","authors":"Corrine Keshen, Mark Cole, Sarah Buck, Peter Khouri","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00525-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00525-5","url":null,"abstract":"In two experiments, rats observed expert foragers in a laboratory foraging task. In both experiments, 12 towers with a food cup on top of each tower were placed in a circle. Six towers, marked with black and white stripes, had cups baited with cheese, and were located in randomly selected positions on successive trials. The other six towers were white with food cups that were sham baited with inaccessible food. In both experiments, during Phase 1, demonstrator rats eventually learned to find the baited towers, making approximately 90% correct choices in their first six choices. In Phase 2, observer rats each had an opportunity to observe, from a cage located inside the circle of towers, a now-expert demonstrator forage. Half of the observers were able to observe a cage mate, whereas the other half of the observers were able to observe a non-cage mate. After a delay of about 2 min (Experiment 1) or about 24 h (Experiment 2), the observers were allowed to forage among the rebaited towers. In both experiments, the observers performed better during their 20 Phase 2 trials than the demonstrators had performed during their first 20 Phase 1 trials. But, in both experiments, there was no clearly significant difference between the performance of observers able to watch cage mates as opposed to non-cage mates. Because the observational effect seen in both experiments survived a 24-h delay between observation and performance, it was deemed to have been based on learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9644359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Willingness to produce disadvantageous outcomes in cooperative tasks is modulated by recent experience. 在合作任务中产生不利结果的意愿受到近期经验的调节。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-021-00508-y

Karen M Lionello-DeNolf, Marcelo Frota Benvenuti, Carla Jordão Suarez

{"title":"Willingness to produce disadvantageous outcomes in cooperative tasks is modulated by recent experience.","authors":"Karen M Lionello-DeNolf, Marcelo Frota Benvenuti, Carla Jordão Suarez","doi":"10.3758/s13420-021-00508-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-021-00508-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative behavior represents a situation in which individuals sometimes act in a way that produces a gain to another at a cost to themselves. This may be explained by a history of repeated interactions with others in which such behavior has resulted in reciprocal cooperation from others. Sometimes, even with reciprocal cooperation, gains and costs are unbalanced between partners. In this case, there is evidence that people may present an aversion to both disadvantageous and advantageous distributions of gains. In other words, they may act in such a way as to ensure an equal outcome among all group members. Aversion to inequity that benefits oneself (advantageous inequity (AI) aversion) may be more dependent on social and cultural cues than aversion to inequity that benefits others (disadvantageous inequity (DI) aversion). Using both between-subjects (Experiment 1) and within-subjects (Experiment 2) manipulations, the influence of recent experience with AI on participants' willingness to produce DI was explored within the context of a two-player card game. In initial game phases, the percentage of trials in which the participant experienced AI was manipulated. In subsequent game phases, participants had the opportunity to produce DI to themselves. The results from both experiments suggest that aversion to DI is reduced by recent experience with AI. This procedure allows social influences on DI to be tested, which may be important for providing a psychological explanation of cultural differences in aversion to DI.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9700245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orangutans and the evolution of sharp stone tools. 猩猩和尖锐石器的进化。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00548-y

Robert W Shumaker, Christopher F Martin

引用次数: 1

Early communicative gestures in human and chimpanzee 1-year-olds observed across diverse socioecological settings. 在不同的社会生态环境中观察到人类和黑猩猩1岁儿童的早期交流手势。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00553-1

Kim A Bard, Takeshi Kishimoto

{"title":"Early communicative gestures in human and chimpanzee 1-year-olds observed across diverse socioecological settings.","authors":"Kim A Bard, Takeshi Kishimoto","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00553-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-022-00553-1","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the communicative gestures used by chimpanzee and human infants. In contrast to previous studies, we compared the species at the same age (12-14 months) and used multiple groups living in diverse socioecological settings for both species. We recorded gestures produced by infants and those produce by others and directed toward infants. We classified the gestures into the following types: human-usual, chimpanzee-usual, and species-common; and searched for within species and between species differences. We found no significant differences between groups or species in overall rates of infant-produced or infant-received gestures, suggesting that all of these infants produced and received gestures at similar levels. We did find significant differences, however, when we considered the three types of gesture. Chimpanzee infants produced significantly higher rates of chimpanzee-usual gestures, and human infants produced significantly higher rates of human-usual gestures, but there was no significant species difference in the species-common gestures. Reports of species differences in gesturing in young infants, therefore, could be influenced by investigators' choice of gesture type. Interestingly, we found that 1-year-old infants produced the gesture of \"hold mutual gaze\" and that the chimpanzee infants had a significantly higher rate than the human infants. We did not find strong evidence that the specific types of gestural environment experienced by young infants influenced the types of gestures that infants produce. We suggest that at this point in development (before human infants use lots of speech), nonverbal communicative gestures may be equally important for human and chimpanzee infants.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9137193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Special Issue in honor of Sally Boysen: Studying other minds. 纪念莎莉-博伊森特刊：研究他人的思想。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00574-4

Suzanne E MacDonald

引用次数: 0