Learning & Behavior最新文献_第2页

Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task. 体验性冲动任务中个体差异的最大会话内稳定性。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0

Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock

{"title":"Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task.","authors":"Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral measures of impulsivity and other traits often show weaker test-retest reliability than self-report measures. Weaker reliability impacts the assessment of individual differences in the trait or state being assessed. Behavioral tasks demonstrate greater sensitivity to state variables which may be a key reason for changes in ranked performance across time. The present study examines a single impulsivity task, the escalating interest task, and considers the design principles that may alter the within-session stability of the assessed behavior. A reanalysis of existing data is contrasted with new behavioral data to reveal that rapid changes in task contingencies produced more stable individual differences than prolonged exposure to each contingency. This outcome may be driven by expanding the number of contingencies experienced at each assessment or by keeping behavior in transition. An attempt to avoid floor or ceiling effects by increasing the ambiguity of the contingency, however, did not produce the desired result. The implications of these results for the escalating interest task as well as other behavioral tasks are considered.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity. 结果特异性巴甫洛夫-工具转移（PIT）的消失、工具结果贬值和奖励相关的注意捕获是由情感驱动的冲动性预测的。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1

Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall

{"title":"Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity.","authors":"Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","url":null,"abstract":"In two online experiments, we aimed to study the relationship between emotion dysregulation and persistence of incentive salience attributed to reward cues. Participants' negative urgency (NU) was assessed before they completed a value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) task measuring incentive salience as attentional sign-tracking. This consisted of two phases - rewarded and unrewarded - to evaluate the persistence of the VMAC effect. Subsequently, a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure was employed as another measure of incentive salience. In Experiment 1 both outcome-specific and general PIT effects were assessed, along with the impact of instrumental outcome devaluation (OD). Experiment 2 focused on the effect of Pavlovian extinction on specific PIT. Both outcome devaluation and extinction are indices of implicit emotion regulation. In Experiment 1, the OD index showed a significant positive correlation with specific PIT and a negative correlation with the NU score. In Experiment 2, the extinction index of specific PIT, linked to the level of explicit knowledge of the contingencies, correlated negatively with NU. The VMAC effect and its persistence showed correlations with NU, positive and negative, respectively (Experiment 1). No relationships were found between any measure of VMAC and OD or PIT effects in any of the experiments. These findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with increased attentional sign-tracking and can hinder action control and selection. These phenomena may be governed by distinct mechanisms, with the VMAC effect being more automatic and the specific PIT effect exhibiting varying degrees of goal-directed behavior depending on the effectiveness of implicit emotion regulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit. 揭示虾青素和DHA对围产期营养不良引起的氧化应激和认知缺陷的协同作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4

Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda

{"title":"Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit.","authors":"Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal undernutrition sensitizes offspring to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases, including cognitive dysfunction, which poses significant public health issues. Undernutrition is the most powerful condition of physiological stress, and epidemiological studies indicate detrimental effects on cognitive function and behavior in human offspring exposed to inadequate perinatal nutrition, leading to increased peroxidation of PUFAs in the brain. To address these issues, the present study investigated the protective effects of the antioxidant nutraceuticals astaxanthin (AsX) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the protective effect of DHA in the presence of antioxidants on the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition. Using a Wistar rat model, AsX and DHA improved learning and memory skills in perinatally undernourished offspring. The cognitive parameters included the RAM and NOR tests, and the oxidative stress parameters were assessed by the estimation of GSH, MDA, total nitrite, and TAC. This study revealed spatial learning, memory dysfunction, and abnormal exploratory behavior in offspring exposed to perinatal undernutrition at different time points in postnatal life, and these effects were ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition was also ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Induced oxidative stress was significantly correlated with cognitive function. This study revealed the potential of AsX and DHA supplementation during the perinatal period for the future development of cognitive dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of orthogonal hippocampal representations during spatial learning. 空间学习过程中海马体正交表征的出现。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00674-3

Verner P Bingman

引用次数: 0

Play in fowl and flies: The renaissance continues. 玩鸡和苍蝇：文艺复兴还在继续。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00675-2

Gordon M Burghardt

引用次数: 0

Chasing solutions: A response to Bastos et al. (2024). 追逐解决方案：对巴斯托斯等人（2024）的回应。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00672-5

Anamarie C Johnson, Clive D L Wynne

引用次数: 0

Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms. 在啮齿动物的恐惧条件反射范例中，电击强度、音长匹配和焦虑水平对冻结和22 khz usv的差异调制。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6

Benhuiyuan Zheng, Jiaojiao Rao, Lili Bao, Delin Yu, Bin Yin

{"title":"Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms.","authors":"Benhuiyuan Zheng, Jiaojiao Rao, Lili Bao, Delin Yu, Bin Yin","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of fear in animals, particularly its manifestation and measurement, remains a focal point in psychological research. This study builds on the systematic review and meta-analysis work of Bao et al. (Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 157: 105537, 2024), which posits that freezing behavior and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may represent objective and subjective fear states in rodents, respectively. We further investigated how these responses are modulated by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and individual anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms. Experiment 1 manipulated shock intensity during fear learning and tone-duration matching between learning and cue tests, revealing that while freezing behavior was consistent across conditions, 22-kHz USVs varied significantly and appeared later than freezing. This divergence was more pronounced in fear generalization tests. Experiment 2 explored the response differences in rodents with high and low anxiety, demonstrating that highly anxious individuals exhibited more 22-kHz USVs but not increased freezing during cue tests. These findings suggest that while freezing may reflect automatic defensive reactions, 22-kHz USVs are more indicative of rodents' cognitive appraisal and their subjective experience of fear. This distinction provides valuable insights that could improve the translation of animal fear models to human psychiatric conditions related to fear and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance. 通过类别条件反射检验厌恶学习：来自试验独特呈现和动眼肌回避的证据。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0

Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu

{"title":"Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance.","authors":"Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","url":null,"abstract":"Disgust is a basic emotion that motivates avoidance behaviors to protect organisms from pathogens. Objects of disgust are acquired through classical conditioning mechanisms. Oculomotor avoidance serves as an objective marker of disgust, yet previous studies have relied on repeated presentations to establish disgust conditioning. This study aimed to adapt the category-conditioning paradigm (Dunsmoor et al., Cerebral Cortex, 24, 2859-2872, 2014) for disgust learning by employing trial-unique presentations, offering a novel tool for future research. In our experiment, items of two categories - furniture and vehicles - were paired with either disgusting or neutral scenes. Participants' eye movements were tracked, and self-reported measures were collected. The results demonstrated that the category-conditioning task with trial-unique stimuli effectively induced oculomotor avoidance. Participants exhibited both unconditioned avoidance responses to disgusting scenes and conditioned avoidance responses to category items associated with disgust. Eye-tracking data further revealed that disgust-associated stimuli motivated avoidance beyond their role as mere predictors of an aversive stimulus. Interestingly, participants initially exhibited a tendency to view the disgusting image before engaging in avoidance behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the adapted category-conditioning paradigm successfully elicits conditioned responses using trial-unique stimuli. We believe that this paradigm will provide a valuable tool for future research on disgust learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory encoded in the interactions of ants. 记忆编码在蚂蚁的相互作用中。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00668-1

Tomer J Czaczkes

引用次数: 0

Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues. 普通壁虎通过化学线索学习熟悉-不熟悉同种生物的身份。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7

Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti

{"title":"Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues.","authors":"Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite numerous studies on individual recognition having been carried out on lizards, a clear demonstration that lizards are able to identify conspecifics is still lacking. Individual recognition in lizards involves identifying conspecifics based on distinctive characteristics, including physical, acoustic, and chemical cues. Lizards use specialized epidermal glands for intraspecific communication, which secrete a mixture of proteins and lipids. To demonstrate individual recognition, a training period needs to be devised to establish associations between traits and memories of interactions with other individuals. We thus performed a 3-week study on the common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) to assess whether lizards are able to associate between previous experience with conspecifics and their chemical signals. Further, we investigated whether proteins played a role in this association. We acclimated 40 males to laboratory conditions during the first week. In the second week, we trained lizards to develop familiarity with odors (feces, urine, skin, femoral gland secretion) from previously unknown individuals. During the third week, we tested lizards by exposing them to odors from familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Lizards examined unfamiliar signals for longer in terms of time and frequency compared to familiar ones. These results form the basis of showing that lizards may be capable of recognizing conspecifics as different individuals, based on their chemical signals, even if the observed discrimination remains at the level of familiarity and unfamiliarity. The experiment does, however, demonstrate evidence of learned responses in common wall lizards.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0