Learning & Behavior最新文献_第2页

Mechanisms of socially facilitated feeding in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). 斑马鱼社会促进进食机制（Danio rerio）。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00691-2

Britney Sekulovski, Liat Soref, Noam Miller

{"title":"Mechanisms of socially facilitated feeding in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"Britney Sekulovski, Liat Soref, Noam Miller","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00691-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00691-2","url":null,"abstract":"The social facilitation of feeding, where individuals increase their feeding behavior in the presence of conspecifics, is widely documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding passive versus active facilitation and the role of individual differences, such as sex and personality. We investigated how visual exposure to non-feeding conspecifics influenced feeding behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio), examining food consumption and other feeding related behaviors, while also assessing individual variation in boldness and sociability. Zebrafish consumed significantly more food pellets and manipulated food differently when conspecifics were present, indicating that passive social facilitation due to the mere presence of conspecifics was sufficient to increase feeding behavior. Males exhibited stronger socially facilitated feeding responses, consuming more pellets, spitting pellets more frequently, and orienting food spitting away from stimulus fish, suggesting competitive motivations. Females showed more cautious feeding behavior, holding pellets in their mouths for longer. Contrary to predictions, neither boldness nor sociability predicted individual differences in feeding behavior or responses to social context. Our findings demonstrate that social facilitation due to a passive audience and sex-specific competitive strategies influence the feeding behaviors of zebrafish.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial representation of magnitude in rhesus macaques: Investigating SNARC effects in quantity and size dimensions. 恒河猴大小的空间表征：研究SNARC对数量和大小维度的影响。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00685-0

Brooke N Jackson, Regina Paxton Gazes, Robert R Hampton

{"title":"Spatial representation of magnitude in rhesus macaques: Investigating SNARC effects in quantity and size dimensions.","authors":"Brooke N Jackson, Regina Paxton Gazes, Robert R Hampton","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00685-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00685-0","url":null,"abstract":"The Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect reflects an association of magnitude with space. For example, humans typically map small numbers to one side of space and large numbers to the other. Research with a variety of animal species has revealed similar spatial-magnitude associations in species without relevant cultural practices, suggesting ancient origins. Human spatial-numeric associations are known to be modified by cultural practices, such as reading direction. Some studies of nonhumans have suggested that spatial-numeric associations are fixed, with small quantities represented to the left, while others suggest this relationship is not preprogrammed. Here, we report variable and flexible spatial-numeric associations in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys were required to pick both the smaller and the larger array of dots across counterbalanced conditions. We found clear spatial-numeric associations that varied among individuals and reversed between the Pick Small and Pick Large quantity conditions-indicating flexible rather than fixed associations. We found similar but nonsignificant patterns in subsequent tests using size rather than quantity. These results, like those from adult birds and apes, suggest that while the cognitive architecture for spatial-magnitude mapping is evolutionarily conserved, the specific spatial associations shown by individuals likely result from experience.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12758948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discrimination of invisible spatial structures by pigeons. 鸽子对不可见空间结构的识别。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00694-z

Robert G Cook, Allison A Cook

{"title":"Discrimination of invisible spatial structures by pigeons.","authors":"Robert G Cook, Allison A Cook","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00694-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00694-z","url":null,"abstract":"The study of animal cognition has hosted a long debate about the nature of mental representation. Specifically, whether spatial (map-like) or associative (node-like) models better explain learning and behavior. To explore this, the present experiments tested three pigeons using a novel spatial discrimination task to assess how they learn to discriminate different multidimensional geometric structures. Each trial involved a go/no-go procedure in which a 1.5 cm green target appeared at a random location in an unmarked 15 × 15 cm touchscreen display area. Food reinforcement depended on the target's location. Across experiments, pigeons were tested on discriminations defined by three invisible spatial structures of varying complexity. In the first two experiments, they successfully learned discriminations based on well-formed geometric divisions involving either a vertical or a diagonal discriminative boundary, respectively. In contrast, they failed to learn a mosaic discrimination involving complex, irregular, non-linear divisions of the space. These findings indicate pigeons can learn invisible multidimensional visuospatial discriminations and do so better when the underlying structure is geometrically coherent. Further, this learning appears independent of the discriminative boundary's orientation. The latter matches previous findings testing analogous rule-based (vertical) and information-integration (diagonal) organizations using visual dimensions. It is consistent with the hypothesis that a single non-analytic associative mechanism mediates learning in both cases. Implications for understanding the discriminative representations used by pigeons in solving problems involving fundamental dimensions, like space, are considered.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145490738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating inhibitory control in captive raccoons (Procyon lotor) using the cylinder task. 用圆柱体任务评价圈养浣熊的抑制控制。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00702-2

Hannah J Griebling, Shylo R Johnson, Sarah Benson-Amram

{"title":"Evaluating inhibitory control in captive raccoons (Procyon lotor) using the cylinder task.","authors":"Hannah J Griebling, Shylo R Johnson, Sarah Benson-Amram","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00702-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00702-2","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory control is an executive function that allows humans and non-human animals to suppress a prepotent response and continue in goal-directed behavior when outcomes are delayed. In non-human animals, inhibitory control has been proposed to be an important component of behavioral flexibility, where animals must inhibit previously used behaviors to establish new ones. The cylinder task has become a widely used, detour-reaching task to test motor response inhibition in many non-human animal species. Here we directly test motor inhibition in raccoons for the first time using a modified version of the cylinder task. Raccoons have demonstrated behavioral flexibility traits such as repeated innovation and reversal learning but have not been tested for motor response inhibition specifically. Five wild-caught, captive raccoons participated in the familiarization and detour procedures of the cylinder task, and we found an overall 60% pass rate in their cylinder task performance. We used k-means clustering to compare raccoons to other species tested in the cylinder task and found that raccoons cluster in the moderate performance group. Raccoons' expression of persistence may lead to their moderate cylinder task performance while benefiting them in tasks related to behavioral flexibility, such as problem solving.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"10-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in giant panda paw preferences during bamboo feeding. 大熊猫取食竹子时爪子偏好的性别差异。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00693-0

Rebecca J Snyder, Lisa P Barrett, Rong Hou, Jingchao Lan, Benjamin D Charlton

{"title":"Sex differences in giant panda paw preferences during bamboo feeding.","authors":"Rebecca J Snyder, Lisa P Barrett, Rong Hou, Jingchao Lan, Benjamin D Charlton","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00693-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00693-0","url":null,"abstract":"We examined giant panda paw use while feeding on bamboo to determine if this species exhibits manual lateralization. Video recordings of 21 captive giant pandas (15 females and six males) were used to measure two unimanual behaviors: 1) duration of grasping and manipulating bamboo culm during feeding bouts and 2) number of reaches. We did not find paw preferences at the population level but found significant sex differences in paw use. Male giant pandas used their right paw significantly more than their left paw while manipulating bamboo culm, whereas females used their left paw more for both manipulating and reaching for bamboo. Our results differ from previous studies, in which males of most placental quadrupeds have been found to favor the left forelimb more so than females. This preliminary study also suggests that task differences influence the degree of manual lateralization in the giant panda, and challenges the hypothesis that a lack of a corpus callosum leads to sex differences in marsupial forelimb biases. Considering the giant panda's distinctive behavioral ecology, morphology, and evolutionary history, this species provides a valuable model for investigating manual lateralization. We recommend further research on giant pandas, to test our preliminary findings, as well as comparative studies across other ursid species, which exhibit substantial variation in habitat and feeding ecology.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pigeons (Columbia livia) use local compared to global spatial information during a traveling salesperson task. 鸽子（哥伦比亚livia）在旅行销售任务中使用本地空间信息而不是全球空间信息。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00688-x

Jonathan Atwood, Brett Gibson

{"title":"Pigeons (Columbia livia) use local compared to global spatial information during a traveling salesperson task.","authors":"Jonathan Atwood, Brett Gibson","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00688-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00688-x","url":null,"abstract":"Past work has shown that pigeons can take efficient routes during traveling or spatial optimization problems in laboratory environments. Whereas pigeons are relatively efficient travelers during these tasks, it remains unclear whether the pigeons primarily rely upon local information in the array of locations (such as a nearest-neighbor [NN] solution that minimizes the distance their current location to their next location), or if they are able to use the global geometry an array of locations to take the most optimal routes. In the current study, we examined the paths that pigeons took that included five locations: a start box, three different feeders, and an end box. We tested the pigeons with pairs of mirrored test configurations of feeders that were similar, but for which the end box was in a different position. If pigeons were attending to the global features of the array, then they should take the most efficient global route based on the end location, compared with a less efficient NN route based on minimizing the distance of the current leg. Overall, the pigeons were efficient and took routes that were more effective than a random traveler. The results also showed that the pigeons tended to take NN rather than global routes. Different testing environments or reward structures may lead to differences in how pigeons differentially weigh the use of local versus global information.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining social and private information: How ants use pheromones and learnt cues to navigate. 结合社会和私人信息：蚂蚁如何使用信息素和学习线索来导航。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00697-w

Cody A Freas, Cornelia Buehlmann, Marcia L Spetch

{"title":"Combining social and private information: How ants use pheromones and learnt cues to navigate.","authors":"Cody A Freas, Cornelia Buehlmann, Marcia L Spetch","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00697-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00697-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ants exhibit remarkable navigational abilities, flexibly integrating private information such as path integration and learnt visual cues with social information in the form of trail pheromones. Far from being simple or rigid directional signals, pheromone trails serve diverse, context-dependent roles in navigation. For instance, they can act as scaffolds during early foraging trips, tethering naïve ants to the nest while they acquire spatial knowledge. Pheromones also function as reassurance signals, confirming that a forager is on the correct path, and as a fail-safe when other cues become unreliable. Additionally, they appear to support multi-vector way-pointing through gating part of the path integrator expression, enabling ants to segment complex routes and to leave and re-enter trails. The regulation of pheromone laying itself is also influenced by private information streams, including internal state, prior foraging success, and navigational memory, highlighting the nuanced interplay between individual experience, environmental cues, and social signals. Together, these findings reveal the trail pheromone is not merely a recruitment or directional signal, but is an integral component of a sophisticated, multimodal navigational system, interwoven with private memories and the individual's internal state to support flexible navigation.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Play in fowl and flies: The renaissance continues. 玩鸡和苍蝇：文艺复兴还在继续。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00675-2

Gordon M Burghardt

引用次数: 0

Evaluating a four-button computerized gaming system for cognitive engagement in dogs. 评估四键电脑游戏系统对狗的认知参与。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00692-1

Allison Kenawell, Amanda Crossen, Kristen Hamann, Sarah Nadler, Caroline Simpson, Kelley Winship, Lauren Highfill

{"title":"Evaluating a four-button computerized gaming system for cognitive engagement in dogs.","authors":"Allison Kenawell, Amanda Crossen, Kristen Hamann, Sarah Nadler, Caroline Simpson, Kelley Winship, Lauren Highfill","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00692-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00692-1","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive enrichment is essential for improving the welfare of animals in kennels, shelters, and laboratory environments. Whereas touchscreens have been used to engage dogs cognitively, they are limited in functionality. This study tested whether a domestic dog could use a four-button computerized gaming system adapted from the Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system originally designed for sea lions. We trained Orlo, a therapy dog in training, to operate the Canine Experimental Video Enrichment (CEVE) system, which is the first documented instance of a dog engaging with a nontouchscreen gaming interface. Over 11 months, Orlo completed 66 training sessions (~ 21 h), demonstrating steady improvement in both response time and accuracy. He consistently met the button press efficiency criterion (fewer than seven presses per trial) but had longer latencies than sea lions, which trainer observations suggest reflected active engagement rather than misunderstanding. This study provides proof of concept that dogs can operate a four-button interface for gaming; however, the substantial training investment may limit immediate applicability in many shelter or multidog settings. Future research should evaluate strategies to streamline training, incorporate formal welfare measures, expand the sample size to assess breed and individual differences, and determine whether dogs voluntarily engage with the system in the absence of external rewards or in the presence of other enrichment options.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) behavioural responses to avian and mammalian predator mounts of varying threat levels. 黑冠山雀（Poecile atricapillus）对不同威胁程度的鸟类和哺乳动物捕食者的行为反应。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00701-3

Jenna V Congdon, Alyshia M M Skurdal, Kimberley A Campbell, Allison H Hahn, Christopher B Sturdy

{"title":"Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) behavioural responses to avian and mammalian predator mounts of varying threat levels.","authors":"Jenna V Congdon, Alyshia M M Skurdal, Kimberley A Campbell, Allison H Hahn, Christopher B Sturdy","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00701-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00701-3","url":null,"abstract":"Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are a species of nonmigratory, North American songbird that produce their namesake chick-a-dee call in a wide range of social contexts, including mobbing in the presence of predators. Chickadees produce more D notes per call in response to high-threat predators. Although many studies have examined responses to avian predators, few studies have examined the use of chick-a-dee mobbing calls in response to mammalian predators. Here, wild black-capped chickadees were exposed to avian (sharp-shinned hawk, red-tailed hawk, northern flicker) and mammalian (domestic cat, short-tailed weasel, American red squirrel, woodchuck) mounts of various threat levels, conducted in the field. We investigated production of chick-a-dee calls, number of D notes per call, and feeding in response to predators of varying threat levels. We found that: (1) chick-a-dee call production was significantly larger in response to a high-threat avian predator (sharp-shinned hawk) compared with high-threat mammalian predator (domestic cat); (2) chick-a-dee call D note production did not differ in response to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount; but (3) feeding was reduced to the sharp-shinned hawk compared with the domestic cat mount. These findings provide further insight into antipredator responses of black-capped chickadees to both avian and mammalian predators.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"86-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0