Learning & Behavior最新文献_第2页

Shared feelings? Affective states and transfer in bumblebees. 共同的感觉?大黄蜂的情感状态和转移。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00710-w

Michael Mendl

引用次数: 0

Online and in-person stress induction in a quasi-avoidance-based Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task. 基于准回避的巴甫洛夫-工具迁移任务的在线和面对面压力诱导。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00707-5

Ruoqi Tang, Jessica M Price, Charlotte Bonardi

{"title":"Online and in-person stress induction in a quasi-avoidance-based Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task.","authors":"Ruoqi Tang, Jessica M Price, Charlotte Bonardi","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00707-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-026-00707-5","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlovian instrumental transfer (PIT) is a phenomenon in which a conditioned stimulus (CS), previously paired with a specific outcome, can influence performance of an instrumental response (R). PIT can be specific (the CS selectively elevates performance of an R paired with the same outcome as that CS) or general (CSs elevate performance of an R paired with any outcome of the same motivational value). PIT has been proposed as a mechanism underlying maintenance of addictive behaviours, while exposure to stressors is regarded as a risk factor for the development, maintenance and relapse of addiction. Thus, we used a quasi-avoidance-based PIT task to explore whether stress can influence the magnitude of specific or general PIT effects. We used stress induction procedures to elevate stress levels. These were either conducted online, exposing participants to negative pictures and heavy metal music (Experiment 1), or in person, telling participants they had to give a speech which would be filmed (Experiment 2). In neither experiment could we detect any effect of higher stress levels on specific or general PIT. The results do not support the proposal that stress influences the size of PIT effects in human participants.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"302-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operant conditioning through positive reinforcement in the ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata). 鬼蟹正强化中的操作性条件反射。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00713-7

Trent Robinson

{"title":"Operant conditioning through positive reinforcement in the ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata).","authors":"Trent Robinson","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00713-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-026-00713-7","url":null,"abstract":"Ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) live in dynamic environments filled with numerous conspecifics, predators, and anthropogenic threats. The capacity to learn in these treacherous contexts could drastically improve the chances of survival and, perhaps, reproduction. Operant conditioning encompasses a suite of paradigms all meant to foster the acquisition of predictive relations between stimuli and behavior. Recent evidence suggests ghost crab are capable of relatively complex mental processes, and to add to the known cognitive repertoire evolved in this species, the current research exposed them to an operant conditioning regime. In a \"reinforced\" condition, animals were placed in a square experimental arena that adjacently positioned a green sticker and false escape hatch covered by a movable door on the same wall. Travel to the green sticker lifted the door to give brief visual access to a sand compartment (i.e. reward) visible through the false hatch. In a control condition, the environment was identical, but view of the sand compartment was yoked to sticker approaches from animals in the reinforced group. Across 3 hours of training, crabs in both conditions significantly increased their sticker approach rates. However, group differences across training blocks emerged and persisted after only 1 hour, such that crabs in the reinforced group displayed significantly higher approach rates compared to yoked controls. An exploratory analysis also revealed that learning rates were correlated positively to carapace size. Thus, this research demonstrates that ghost crabs are able to learn through positive reinforcement, and this skill is one that may develop across the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"329-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel finding on sex-dependent diverse behavioral responses to the anticipation of a threat in a rat model of fear conditioning with the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex. 在大鼠前额皮质脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）参与的恐惧条件反射模型中，性别依赖的不同行为反应的新发现。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00709-3

Nastaran Talaee, Mahdieh Farzin Asanjan, Farnaz Hooshmand, Reihaneh Nakhaei-Zadeh, Shadi Hajizamani, Parisa Rahimpour, Salar Vaseghi

{"title":"A novel finding on sex-dependent diverse behavioral responses to the anticipation of a threat in a rat model of fear conditioning with the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Nastaran Talaee, Mahdieh Farzin Asanjan, Farnaz Hooshmand, Reihaneh Nakhaei-Zadeh, Shadi Hajizamani, Parisa Rahimpour, Salar Vaseghi","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00709-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-026-00709-3","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has shown significant sex differences in freezing and darting behaviors in a rat model of aversive learning using fear conditioning. The present study explored sex differences in a rat model of aversive learning using a fear-conditioning method via measuring freezing and darting behaviors. Fear conditioning was induced by three footshocks (0.8 mA, 3 s, 30-s interval) paired with an auditory conditioned stimulus (75 dB, 3 s). Extinction was performed by broadcasting 20 auditory conditioned stimuli (75 dB, 3 s, 30-s interval), with no shocks, in three, or four, of five sessions. Freezing and darting behaviors, locomotor activity and time spent in the center squares (anxiety-like behavior) in the open field test, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the infralimbic region of the mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex) were evaluated. The results showed both sexes showed a high rate of freezing, with males showing more freezing. Females were more responsive to extinction. Darting behavior was only observed in females and diminished following extinction. Locomotion and anxiety-like behavior were increased and decreased following extinction learning in both sexes, respectively. BDNF expression level in the infralimbic region of the mPFC was increased following extinction learning, with a greater increase in females. In conclusion, we showed that females have a diverse behavioral response to the anticipation of a threat in a rat model of fear conditioning. The important role of BDNF in the modulation of both freezing and darting behaviors was also shown.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"288-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeatable colour preferences predict information use in nest-building birds. 可重复的颜色偏好预测了筑巢鸟类的信息使用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00723-5

Benjamin A Whittaker, Henry R Swartwood García, Simran K Gill, Julia L Self, Lauren M Guillette

{"title":"Repeatable colour preferences predict information use in nest-building birds.","authors":"Benjamin A Whittaker, Henry R Swartwood García, Simran K Gill, Julia L Self, Lauren M Guillette","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00723-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00723-5","url":null,"abstract":"More than a century ago, naturalist Henry Smith Williams observed that birds nesting in his garden differed in their colour preferences for nest-building materials. His observations challenge the assumption that individuals within the same species respond similarly to the same colour cues, but the stability and consequences of these apparent preferences remain largely unexplored. Here, we tested the colour preferences of laboratory-raised zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with access to pink and orange nest-building string. Birds were tested under conditions lacking relevant environmental cues, social information, or previous experience with the experimental colours. Individuals differed in both their preferred colour and the strength of preferences, which were more strongly repeatable across short-term than long-term intervals. We next asked whether these stable individual preferences influenced how birds respond to information, reanalyzing published social-learning datasets spanning different informational contexts. Stronger initial preferences generally predicted reduced use of socially demonstrated nonpreferred colours during nest building. These findings suggest that stable individual preferences represent an underappreciated source of variation in how animals acquire and use information during decision making.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpretation of Weibull model for individual learning curves in Pavlovian conditioning. 巴甫洛夫条件作用下个体学习曲线的威布尔模型解释。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00721-7

Masato Nihei, Noboru Matsumoto, Daiki Hojo, Kosuke Sawa

引用次数: 0

Chimpanzees link past actions and later outcomes despite intervening irrelevant events in a cognitive task. 黑猩猩将过去的行为和后来的结果联系起来，尽管在认知任务中干预了无关的事件。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00722-6

Satoshi Hirata, Akihiro Itahara, Nicolas Goppold, Anushka Vispute, Omer Yinon

{"title":"Chimpanzees link past actions and later outcomes despite intervening irrelevant events in a cognitive task.","authors":"Satoshi Hirata, Akihiro Itahara, Nicolas Goppold, Anushka Vispute, Omer Yinon","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00722-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"In natural environments, the outcomes of actions are often delayed and separated from the actions themselves by intervening events, posing a credit assignment problem for learning. Although both humans and nonhuman animals can associate actions with immediate subsequent outcomes, little is known about learning when action-outcome delays span multiple, unpredictably ordered events. We investigated whether chimpanzees could associate a choice with a reward delivered several trials later, using a touchscreen-based task. Six chimpanzees completed four experimental rounds involving three trial types: an immediately rewarded discrimination, a non-rewarded choice that triggered a delayed reward, and a reward-delivery trial contingent solely on prior choices. Three chimpanzees showed a significant increase in choosing the stimulus associated with delayed reward. Reversal of stimulus roles in a later round confirmed that increased selection of the delayed-reward stimulus was not attributable to fixed stimulus preferences. Although performance remained variable across individuals and sessions, the results suggest that chimpanzees possess learning mechanisms capable of bridging extended action-outcome gaps, likely operating implicitly rather than through explicit understanding of task structure. Our study contributes to comparative perspectives on the evolutionary origins of learning beyond the \"here and now.\"","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tad bit of learning: Place and response learning in green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles. 一点点学习：绿蛙蝌蚪的位置和反应学习。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00720-8

Molly C McGuire, Jennifer Vonk, Anna Wilkinson, Eric Hoffmaster, Taryn Eaton, Thomas R Raffel

{"title":"A tad bit of learning: Place and response learning in green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles.","authors":"Molly C McGuire, Jennifer Vonk, Anna Wilkinson, Eric Hoffmaster, Taryn Eaton, Thomas R Raffel","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00720-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00720-8","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial navigation is considered essential for survival and therefore likely to have been selected for across vertebrates; however, similarities and differences in the mechanisms underlying these abilities across species remain unclear. The current experiment was designed to investigate strategies underlying spatial navigation in green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles. Tadpoles were trained to navigate a maze either by using external cues to navigate (place learners), or by remembering the specific egocentric actions that led to escape from the maze (response learners). There were no significant differences in acquisition following place or response learning, which suggests some flexibility in their spatial navigation strategies. However, only ten tadpoles reached the learning criterion before metamorphosis, which was fewer than that predicted by chance alone. Of these, six were place learners and four were response learners. Three place learners appeared to retain this information in the short term - pointing to the intriguing possibility that green frog tadpoles may retain this information for a period of several weeks or longer. Future studies should set a stricter learning criterion and focus on how memory is retained following metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are mice a bad model for successive negative contrast? 小鼠是连续负对比的坏模型吗？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00686-z

Alan M Daniel

引用次数: 0

What can soundboards tell us about canine communication? 关于犬类的交流，音板能告诉我们什么？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00679-y

Valerie A Kuhlmeier

引用次数: 0