Learning & Behavior最新文献_第3页

The influence of pure tacts and intraverbals on the transfer of verbal learning to new stimuli: An experimental study in children. 纯委婉语和言语内语对儿童言语学习向新刺激转移的影响：一项实验研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00684-1

Miguel A Maldonado, Juan Miguel Alcaide, Francisco J Alós

{"title":"The influence of pure tacts and intraverbals on the transfer of verbal learning to new stimuli: An experimental study in children.","authors":"Miguel A Maldonado, Juan Miguel Alcaide, Francisco J Alós","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00684-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00684-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates learning transfer processes in the teaching of pure tacts and intraverbals within the context of verbal behavior. The objectives were: to assess whether training pure tacts and intraverbals, through the inclusion of different stimuli, facilitates learning transfer to new impure tacts, and to determine whether one of these verbal operants (pure tact or intraverbal) better promotes learning transfer. The sample included 54 children aged 11-12 years, using a within-subjects experimental design with pre-post measures. The research was divided into 17 phases and six cycles, with two levels of the independent variable: (1) different stimuli in pure tacts and same in intraverbals, and (2) same stimuli in pure tacts and different in intraverbals. The presentation order was counterbalanced to control for order effects in training. Analyses using repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that while participants could learn with either type of training, the training of pure tacts facilitated a greater learning transfer toward new impure tacts. In fact, training with pure tacts significantly increased the accuracy of responses in impure tact tests compared to intraverbal training, promoting greater generalization of learning (Pure tacts: M = 80.25%; SD = 4.04; F(1,26) = 5.44, p = .028, ηp2 = .173; Intraverbals: M = 51.54%; SD = 3.65; F(1,26) = 8.33, p = .008, ηp2 = .243). This finding suggests that pure tacts play a key role in promoting generative behavior, allowing the acquisition of new behavioral repertoires without explicit instruction. Theoretically, this study contributes to isolating the effect of pure tacts in learning transfer, while, practically, it offers relevant educational strategies to improve learning in populations with verbal and cognitive developmental limitations.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"187-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mice extrapolate temporal information based on previously learned spatiotemporal mappings: An asymmetrical case. 小鼠根据先前学习的时空映射推断时间信息：一个不对称的情况。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00704-0

Ezgi Gür, Yalçın A Duyan, Pınar Toptaş, Fuat Balcı

{"title":"Mice extrapolate temporal information based on previously learned spatiotemporal mappings: An asymmetrical case.","authors":"Ezgi Gür, Yalçın A Duyan, Pınar Toptaş, Fuat Balcı","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00704-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00704-0","url":null,"abstract":"One of the computational affordances of isomorphic magnitude representations is the extrapolation of temporal information based on previously experienced spatiotemporal pairings. We initially trained mice on the association of two intervals (10 s and 30 s) with two hoppers (H2 and H4, counterbalanced) in a five-choice nose-poke box with the following setup. One of the three novel hoppers (H1) neighbored H2 only, the other novel hopper (H5) neighbored H4 only, and the third novel hopper (H3) neighbored H2 and H4 (H1Novel→ H2Trained→ H3Novel→ H4Trained→ H5Novel). During test trials, one of the five hoppers was illuminated. We estimated the trial time at which the anticipatory response rate was maximal (peak time) separately for each hopper. Mice extrapolated temporal information only in a forward fashion; the peak time for H5 was longer than that for H4. Mice did not extrapolate temporal information backward; the timed response curves in H1 and H3 were closely similar to those in H2. Thus, our findings suggest that mice can extrapolate temporal information, but also indicate that the computations underlying this process are directionally constrained. We discuss the possible reasons behind asymmetrical extrapolation.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"256-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying nonmnemonic strategies in two-alternative forced-choice delayed matching and nonmatching-to-position tasks in mice (Mus musculus) using automated video tracking technologies. 基于自动视频跟踪技术的双选项强制选择延迟匹配和非匹配定位任务中非助记策略的量化研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00703-1

Kazuhiro Goto, Shoko Yuki

{"title":"Quantifying nonmnemonic strategies in two-alternative forced-choice delayed matching and nonmatching-to-position tasks in mice (Mus musculus) using automated video tracking technologies.","authors":"Kazuhiro Goto, Shoko Yuki","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00703-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00703-1","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed matching-to-position (DMTP) and delayed nonmatching-to-position (DNMTP) tasks are widely used as standard paradigms for evaluating working memory in rodents. In these tasks, which employ a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) design, animals initiate each trial by nosepoking a back key, which triggers the illumination of a sample key (either the left or right front key). Upon nosepoking the sample key, a delay begins. During this delay, the back key remains illuminated and animals may nosepoke it, but these responses have no programmed consequence. After the programmed delay, the first nosepoke on the back key activates both front keys. Reinforcement is contingent on choosing the same key as the sample in the DMTP task, or the opposite key in the DNMTP task. Performance is typically measured as the proportion of correct responses across varying delays, which generally decline as delay increases. However, whether the imposed mediating responses used in many protocols effectively prevents the use of nonmnemonic strategies remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we recorded and analyzed the movements of mice during these tasks using automated video tracking. Our findings suggest that mice may rely on nonmnemonic strategies, such as maintaining body position relative to the sample keys, rather than solely on working memory. These results challenge the assumption that DMTP and DNMTP tasks exclusively measure working memory, highlighting the need for cautious interpretation of task performance.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stick dexterity in carrion crows. 食腐乌鸦的棍棒灵巧性。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00698-9

Shoko Sugasawa

引用次数: 0

Reversal learning and aging: Exploring simple discrimination learning, learning-set, and functional classes. 逆向学习与老化：探索简单辨别学习、学习集和功能类。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00690-3

Lucas C Manfredo, Armando Machado, Andréia Schmidt

{"title":"Reversal learning and aging: Exploring simple discrimination learning, learning-set, and functional classes.","authors":"Lucas C Manfredo, Armando Machado, Andréia Schmidt","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00690-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00690-3","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive (or behavioral) flexibility is considered an executive function characterized by patterns of behavioral adjustment in response to changes in environmental demands, which tends to decline with aging. The simple discrimination reversal task is a useful way to evaluate this function, as it directly measures processes related to performance change, such as sensitivity to consequences, learning set formation, and concept formation. Few studies on aging have employed this task, and those that have did not examine its component processes or include middle-aged adults. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive flexibility and its component processes through a simple discrimination reversal task, applied to 100 participants divided into four age groups: emerging adults, younger adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. After learning three simple simultaneous visual discriminations, the function of the positive and negative stimuli was reversed three times, with participants needing to meet a performance criterion each time. Older participants were more likely to fail to meet the performance criterion in some of the reversals, a pattern consistent with reduced sensitivity to consequences and failure in class formation. Moreover, older individuals who succeeded in the task learned the new function assigned to stimuli more slowly during reversals and were less likely to form classes in the second reversal. However, all participants who met the criterion across the three reversals showed evidence of learning-set formation, regardless of age.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"204-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can A.I. be a dolphin Doctor Dolittle? 人工智能能成为海豚杜立特医生吗？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00699-8

Jason N Bruck

引用次数: 0

Willingness to work for sucrose: Impact of schedules, reinforcer alternatives, homeostatic value, and individual differences in male mice. 为蔗糖而工作的意愿：时间表的影响，强化剂的选择，体内平衡值，以及雄性小鼠的个体差异。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00695-y

Edgar Arias-Sandoval, Carla Carratalá-Ros, Paula Matas-Navarro, John D Salamone, Mercè Correa

{"title":"Willingness to work for sucrose: Impact of schedules, reinforcer alternatives, homeostatic value, and individual differences in male mice.","authors":"Edgar Arias-Sandoval, Carla Carratalá-Ros, Paula Matas-Navarro, John D Salamone, Mercè Correa","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00695-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00695-y","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated behavior is characterized by a high degree of behavioral activation and effort. Preclinical models of operant effort-based decision-making are useful for studying motivational symptoms seen in many psychopathologies as well as observing individual vulnerability. In this study, we evaluated the impact of having alternative reward choices with different effort demands on the decision-making process that may lead to individual differences in working. Adult CD1 male mice, trained on a fixed ratio (FR) 8, were divided into two groups: the no-choice (FR8 for 10% sucrose) and choice (FR8 for 10% sucrose plus concurrent free access to 3% sucrose) conditions. After 5 weeks, a progressive ratio (PROG) schedule was introduced under the same choice conditions. Results indicate that only the no-choice group adjusted their work-output after changing from FR8 to PROG. The choice group did not increase lever pressing when PROG was introduced, but it maintained total fluid intake (10% plus 3%). Water restriction increased intake of all fluids in both choice conditions, independently of the effort required. Additionally, a median split based on PROG performance was used to compare high and low performers. Individual differences in lever pressing were seen under both choice conditions, but only high-performers significantly increased work output when PROG was introduced. Among the choice group, high-PROG performers did not increase total volume obtained compared with low-performers. Thus, the choice condition induced individual differences based mostly on willingness to work rather than to obtain the maximum amount of reinforcer. Further studies in both sexes should characterize this \"high-worker\" profile.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"229-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unconditional stimulus deflation is stimulus specific. 无条件的刺激通货紧缩是刺激所特有的。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-05-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00714-6

Payton K Robinson, Sydney Trask

{"title":"Unconditional stimulus deflation is stimulus specific.","authors":"Payton K Robinson, Sydney Trask","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00714-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00714-6","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work has demonstrated that repeated presentations of a conditional stimulus (CS) with a weak shock following training with a strong shock can reduce later conditional responding to that CS. While this procedure shares characteristics with extinction, several converging lines of evidence suggest that weak shock exposure, with steps to minimize prediction error between acquisition and the weak shock phase, will have an advantage over extinction to persistently reduce fear behaviors. A similar experiment by Rescorla demonstrated that unconditional stimulus (US) habituation (repeated exposure to the US alone) reduced responding to a CS that previously predicted that US. Here, we apply this same logic to our weak shock procedure to determine if weak shock presentations in the absence of the CS could reduce responding to subsequent presentations of the same CS. In Experiment 1, using a within-subject procedure, we found that the weak shock-driven reductions in CS-elicited behavior did not transfer to a different CS that was not paired with a weak shock. In Experiments 2 and 3, we demonstrated that weak shock presentations in the absence of a CS (in either a novel context or the acquisition context, respectively) did not attenuate later CS-elicited freezing. Together, these results suggest that, like extinction, weak shock presentations reduce fear behavior in a stimulus-specific manner.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is possible and what is worth: Higher levers afford more work and enhance the value of leisure. 什么是可能的，什么是值得的：更高的杠杆提供更多的工作，并提高休闲的价值。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-05-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00717-3

Ángel Andrés Jiménez, Federico Sanabria, Carter W Daniels, Pablo Covarrubias

{"title":"What is possible and what is worth: Higher levers afford more work and enhance the value of leisure.","authors":"Ángel Andrés Jiménez, Federico Sanabria, Carter W Daniels, Pablo Covarrubias","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00717-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00717-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how variations in the physical properties of an operant manipulandum (i.e., lever height), affect behavior under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. Lever height was analyzed from two complementary frameworks: the ecological theory of affordances and the economic theory of utility maximization, specifically through the Modular Maximization Theory. Rats were exposed to 60 progressive ratio (PR) sessions in which lever height varied daily pseudorandomly between 1, 11, and 18 cm. Results showed that breakpoints, response rates, and parameter estimates of response capacity (w) were significantly lower at 1 cm than at 11 and 18 cm, suggesting reduced motor affordance at floor level. The parameter z, indexing the value of the reinforcer relative to leisure, was higher at 1 cm, indicating a lower cost of effort at that position. Breakpoints indicated no carryover effects from prior sessions and stabilized rapidly from the first session of each condition, suggesting that adaptation to the affordances of the lever may be a distinct process from adaptation to reinforcement contingencies. These findings extend previous work on lever affordances and support the notion that operant performance is shaped by the interaction between environmental affordances and economic trade-offs. The integration of ecological and economic perspectives provides an account of how animals allocate behavior under varying physical and motivational constraints.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral impact of adolescent social isolation stress: A multidimensional assessment in male NMRI mice. 青少年社会隔离压力对行为的影响：雄性NMRI小鼠的多维评估。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-026-00716-4

Hassina Belblidia, Djamila Aroune

{"title":"Behavioral impact of adolescent social isolation stress: A multidimensional assessment in male NMRI mice.","authors":"Hassina Belblidia, Djamila Aroune","doi":"10.3758/s13420-026-00716-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-026-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"Rearing in social isolation (SI) during adolescence compromises brain development and behavior. Most studies have used post-weaning SI that encompasses the entire adolescence period to investigate the consequences of adverse early-life experiences. However, adolescence comprises heterogeneous developmental phases, characterized by differences in the timing of maturation of brain regions and the endocrine system, during which exposure to adverse environments may exert distinct effects on behavioral outcomes. Here, we assessed the immediate effects on a broad range of emotional and cognitive behaviors of a 3-week SI period during mid to late adolescence in male NMRI mice. We employed z-score standardization across behavioral domains, followed by principal component analysis (PCA), to enhance the accuracy of the behavioral phenotyping and to identify domain-specific behavioral vulnerabilities to stress. Our findings indicate that mid to late SI increased locomotor activity and induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, without impairing the cognitive domain. PCA further revealed a significant separation between socially isolated and group-housed animals, with hyperactivity and depressive-like behavior emerging as the main contributors to this differentiation. These results demonstrate that even less extreme forms of SI, when applied from mid to late adolescence, can substantially alter emotional responses. This study highlights the vulnerability of this developmental window and supports the use of the NMRI mouse strain as a relevant model for investigating variability in stress-related behavioral responses.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0