Learning & Behavior最新文献_第5页

Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior. 叙事框架可能会增加人类的次优选择行为。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z

Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards

{"title":"Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior.","authors":"Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","url":null,"abstract":"Under certain conditions, multiple nonhuman species have been observed engaging in choice behavior that resulted in less food earned when compared to the amount of food that was available to be earned over the course of a session. This phenomenon is particularly strong in pigeons, but has also been observed in rats and nonhuman primates. Conversely, human participants have demonstrated a propensity to choose more optimally. However, human participants do not exclusively choose the alternative associated with more reinforcement. Framing a task in a real-world narrative has been effective in improving problem-solving on other tasks such as the Wason Four-Card problem. The present study gave human participants a choice task with either abstract stimuli or with a real-world narrative. In addition, participants were given terminal stimuli that were either predictive or unpredictive of reinforcement. Thus, participants were assigned to one of four conditions: Abstract Predictive, Abstract Unpredictive, Narrative Predictive, or Narrative Unpredictive. In contrast to the improved performance on the Wason Four-Card task, the current study found no evidence that the addition of a real-world narrative improved optimal choice performance. Rather, it may have interfered with optimal choice selection in that participants who received the narrative and unpredictive terminal stimuli were at chance performance at the end of the experimental session. Conversely, participants in the Abstract Unpredictive, Abstract Predictive, and Narrative Predictive conditions all demonstrated a preference for the optimal alternative. Possible mechanisms for these findings and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bumblebees show capacity for behavioral traditions. 大黄蜂显示出行为传统的能力。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00594-0

Felicity Muth

引用次数: 0

Going back to "basics": Harlow's learning set task with wolves and dogs. 回到 "基础"：哈洛与狼和狗的学习任务。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00631-6

Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Tiago Monteiro, Zsófia Virányi, Friederike Range

{"title":"Going back to \"basics\": Harlow's learning set task with wolves and dogs.","authors":"Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Tiago Monteiro, Zsófia Virányi, Friederike Range","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00631-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00631-6","url":null,"abstract":"To survive and reproduce, animals need to behave adaptively by adjusting their behavior to their environment, with learning facilitating some of these processes. Dogs have become a go-to model species in comparative cognition studies, making our understanding of their learning skills paramount at multiple levels, not only with regards to basic research on their cognitive skills and the effects of domestication, but also with applied purposes such as training. In order to tackle these issues, we tested similarly raised wolves and dogs in a serial learning task inspired by Harlow's \"learning set.\" In Phase 1, different pairs of objects were presented to the animals, one of which was baited while the other was not. Both species' performance gradually improved with each new set of objects, showing that they \"learnt to learn,\" but no differences were found between the species in their learning speed. In Phase 2, once subjects had learned the association between one of the objects and the food reward, the contingencies were reversed and the previously unrewarded object of the same pair was now rewarded. Dogs' performance in this task seemed to be better than wolves', albeit only when considering just the first session of each reversal, suggesting that the dogs might be more flexible than wolves. Further research (possibly with the aid of refined methods such as computer-based tasks) would help ascertain whether these differences between wolves and dogs are persistent across different learning tasks.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different memory systems in food-hoarding birds: A response to Pravosudov. 惜食鸟类的不同记忆系统：对普拉沃苏多夫的回应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00630-7

Tom V. Smulders, Jenny C A Read

引用次数: 0

Different memory systems in food-hoarding birds: A response to Pravosudov. 惜食鸟类的不同记忆系统：对普拉沃苏多夫的回应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00630-7

Tom V Smulders, Jenny C A Read

引用次数: 0

Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons 探索鸽子单一代码/默认策略的边界条件

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0

Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz

{"title":"Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons","authors":"Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the extent of adoption of more efficient coding strategies, pigeons learned, in three experiments, a symbolic matching-to-sample task that featured an asymmetric sample-comparison mapping. In all experiments, one comparison was correct following one of the samples (one-to-one mapping), and another comparison was correct following the remaining samples (many-to-one mapping). The experiments differed in sample number; Experiment 1 featured three samples, Experiment 2 five samples, and Experiment 3 seven samples. Our goal was to assess the adoption of a single-code/default coding strategy, which establishes two response rules: one rule specific to the sample mapped one-to-one (the single code), and another rule to be applied following any other sample (the default rule). Alternatively, the animals could establish more response rules, one per sample. Thus, the single-code/default strategy allows learning a task via a reduced number of response rules, and the more samples are mapped many-to-one, the greater the savings it allows. As such, the three experiments should progressively be more amenable to the adoption of this strategy. Overall, the adoption of a single-code/default strategy was not widespread. When taken together with previous results, the present study suggests that the amount of training may affect the coding strategy pigeons adopt. Additionally, our results underscore that individual differences are a fundamental aspect to consider when studying learning flexibility.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serial pattern learning: The anticipation of worsening conditions by pigeons. 连续模式学习：鸽子对恶化条件的预期。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00628-1

Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng

{"title":"Serial pattern learning: The anticipation of worsening conditions by pigeons.","authors":"Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00628-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00628-1","url":null,"abstract":"In general, animals are known to be sensitive to the immediacy of reinforcers. That is, they are generally impulsive and outcomes that occur in the future are generally heavily discounted. Furthermore, they should prefer alternatives that provide reinforcers that require less rather than greater effort to obtain. In the present research, pigeons were given a choice between (1) obtaining reinforcers on a progressively more difficult schedule of reinforcement; starting with four pecks, then eight pecks, then 16 pecks, then 32 pecks, and finally 64 pecks on each trial, and (2) a color signaling a number of pecks for a single reinforcer: red = six, green = 11, blue = 23, or yellow = 45. If pigeons choose optimally, most of the time they should choose the progressive schedule to obtain five reinforcers rather than switch to a color to receive only one. However, if they are sensitive primarily to the number of pecks to the next reinforcer, they should choose the progressive schedule once before switching to red, twice before switching to green, three times before switching to blue, and four times before switching to yellow. Instead, they systematically switched too early. Rather than choose based on the rate of reinforcement or even based on the time or effort to the next reinforcer, they appear to anticipate that the progressive schedule is going to get more difficult, and they base their choice suboptimally on the serial pattern of the worsening progressive schedule.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iterative learning experiments can help elucidate music's origins. 迭代学习实验有助于阐明音乐的起源。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00627-2

Marisa Hoeschele

引用次数: 0

Rat spatial memory and foraging on dual radial mazes. 大鼠在双径向迷宫中的空间记忆和觅食能力

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2

William A Roberts, Krista Macpherson, Sophia Robinson, Abagail Hennessy, Bram Richmond

{"title":"Rat spatial memory and foraging on dual radial mazes.","authors":"William A Roberts, Krista Macpherson, Sophia Robinson, Abagail Hennessy, Bram Richmond","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments are reported that used a new test of spatial memory in rats. The apparatus used was dual eight-arm radial mazes that were connected at one arm of each maze, with a start arm and doors to each maze. Rats could be forced to go to one maze or the other or could make a free choice between mazes. In Experiment 1, rats formed reference memory for the arm containing food on one maze but had food randomly placed on different arms over trials on the other maze. In Experiment 2, rats formed working memory for the arm containing food on one maze but not the other. In Experiment 3, food location changed randomly among trials on both mazes, but one maze contained a cue for the location of food. Rats used reference and working memory to go directly to the food arm on one maze but found food only after searching several arms on the other maze. Most importantly, when given free-choice trials rats developed a significant preference for the maze where they knew the location of food reward or found the cue indicating the location of reward. We suggest these findings may be best interpreted by rats applying two successive rules: (1) choose the maze that leads to the most immediate reward, and (2) use extramaze or intramaze cues to find reward location on the maze.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal foundations of episodic memory. 情景记忆的时间基础。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00608-x

Jonathon D Crystal

引用次数: 0