Learning & Behavior最新文献_第5页

Some like it "local": A review of hierarchical processing in non-human animals. 有些人喜欢它是“局部的”：对非人类动物的分级处理的回顾。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00605-0

Maria Santacà

{"title":"Some like it \"local\": A review of hierarchical processing in non-human animals.","authors":"Maria Santacà","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00605-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00605-0","url":null,"abstract":"When seeing a visual image, humans prioritize the perception of global features, which is followed by the assessment of the local ones. This global precedence has been investigated using hierarchical stimuli that consist of a large, global shape formed by the spatial arrangement of small local shapes. Comparing non-human animals to humans, research on global and local processing has revealed a heterogeneous pattern of results with some species exhibiting a local precedence and others a global one. Many factors have been proposed to influence the global and local processing: internal factors (e.g., age, sex) and external elements or perceptual field variables (e.g., stimulus size, visual angle, eccentricity, sparsity). In this review, studies showing that different non-human species process hierarchical stimuli in the same (global precedence) or reverse (local precedence) direction as humans are first collated. Different ecological, perceptual, and anatomical features that may influence global and local processing are subsequently proposed based on a detailed analysis of these studies. This information is likely to improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind the perceptual organization and visual processing, and could explain the observed differences in hierarchical processing between species.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"143-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ants on featureless saltpans build tall nest mounds. 蚂蚁在毫无特色的盐盘上筑起高高的巢丘。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00596-y

Ken Cheng

引用次数: 0

Learning in the honey bee waggle dance. 在蜜蜂摇摆舞中学习。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00590-4

Aimee S Dunlap

引用次数: 0

Memory for where and when: pigeons use single-code/default strategy. 何时何地记忆：鸽子使用单一代码/默认策略。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00607-y

Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng

{"title":"Memory for where and when: pigeons use single-code/default strategy.","authors":"Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00607-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00607-y","url":null,"abstract":"Memory for what, where, and when an event took place has been interpreted as playing a critical role in episodic memory. Moreover, such memory is likely to be important to an animal's ability to efficiently forage for food. In Experiment 1 of the present study, pigeons were trained on a task in which on each trial, one lit stimulus color and location was presented and then another. A cue presented after the last stimulus location signaled that the pigeon was to choose either the first location presented, or the last location presented, to receive a reinforcer. After learning this task, in Experiment 2, the color cue was removed, requiring the pigeons to choose based on location and order alone. In Experiment 3, when a delay was inserted between presentation of the two locations, it had little effect on task accuracy. Results suggested that the pigeons had acquired the task using a single-code/default rule. When presented with the cue indicating that the last location was correct, pigeons selected the location just presented. When presented with the cue indicating that the first location was correct, pigeons chose the other location, by default. In support of this hypothesis, in Experiment 4, when a delay was inserted, prior to receiving the instructional cue, it had a disruptive effect on task accuracy proportional to the delay. Although the present results do not provide evidence for episodic memory, they do suggest that the pigeons have developed a single-code/default strategy that appears to be an efficient means of performing this task.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating boundary-geometry use by whip spiders (Phrynus marginemaculatus) during goal-directed navigation. 研究鞭蛛（Phrynus marginemaculatus）在目标导航过程中对边界几何的使用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5

Vincent J Coppola, Hannah E Caram, Cecilia Robeson, Sophia M Beeler, Eileen A Hebets, Daniel D Wiegmann, Verner P Bingman

{"title":"Investigating boundary-geometry use by whip spiders (Phrynus marginemaculatus) during goal-directed navigation.","authors":"Vincent J Coppola, Hannah E Caram, Cecilia Robeson, Sophia M Beeler, Eileen A Hebets, Daniel D Wiegmann, Verner P Bingman","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that whip spiders (Amblypygi) can use a variety of cues to navigate to and recognize a home refuge. The current study aimed to determine whether whip spiders were capable of using the boundary geometry of an experimental space (geometric information) to guide goal-directed navigation and to investigate any preferential use of geometric or feature (visual) information. Animals were first trained to find a goal location situated in one corner of a rectangular arena (geometric information) fronting a dark-green-colored wall, which created a brightness contrast with the other three white walls (feature information). Various probe trials were then implemented to determine cue use. It was found that animals were capable of directing their choice behavior towards geometrically correct corners at a rate significantly higher than chance, even when the feature cue was removed. By contrast, choice behavior dropped to random chance when geometric information was removed (test in a square arena) and only feature information remained. Choice behavior was also reduced to chance when geometric and feature information were set in conflict (by moving the feature cue to one of the longer walls in the rectangular arena). The data thus suggest that whip spiders are capable of using geometric information to guide goal-directed navigation and that geometric information is preferred over feature guidance, although a feature cue may set the context for activating geometry-guided navigation. Experimental design limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10443948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior. 叙事框架可能会增加人类的次优选择行为。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z

Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards

{"title":"Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior.","authors":"Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","url":null,"abstract":"Under certain conditions, multiple nonhuman species have been observed engaging in choice behavior that resulted in less food earned when compared to the amount of food that was available to be earned over the course of a session. This phenomenon is particularly strong in pigeons, but has also been observed in rats and nonhuman primates. Conversely, human participants have demonstrated a propensity to choose more optimally. However, human participants do not exclusively choose the alternative associated with more reinforcement. Framing a task in a real-world narrative has been effective in improving problem-solving on other tasks such as the Wason Four-Card problem. The present study gave human participants a choice task with either abstract stimuli or with a real-world narrative. In addition, participants were given terminal stimuli that were either predictive or unpredictive of reinforcement. Thus, participants were assigned to one of four conditions: Abstract Predictive, Abstract Unpredictive, Narrative Predictive, or Narrative Unpredictive. In contrast to the improved performance on the Wason Four-Card task, the current study found no evidence that the addition of a real-world narrative improved optimal choice performance. Rather, it may have interfered with optimal choice selection in that participants who received the narrative and unpredictive terminal stimuli were at chance performance at the end of the experimental session. Conversely, participants in the Abstract Unpredictive, Abstract Predictive, and Narrative Predictive conditions all demonstrated a preference for the optimal alternative. Possible mechanisms for these findings and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are there sex differences in spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze? A large-sample experimental study. 在Morris水迷宫中，空间参考记忆是否存在性别差异？大样本实验研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w

Candela Zorzo, Jorge L Arias, Marta Méndez

{"title":"Are there sex differences in spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze? A large-sample experimental study.","authors":"Candela Zorzo, Jorge L Arias, Marta Méndez","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sex differences have been found in allocentric spatial learning and memory tasks, with the literature indicating that males outperform females, although this issue is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the behavior of male and female rats during the habituation and learning of a spatial memory task performed in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). The study included a large sample of 89 males and 85 females. We found that females searched slightly faster than males during habituation with a visible platform. During learning, both male and female rats decreased the latency and distance traveled to find the hidden platform over the days, with males outperforming females in the distance traveled. Females swam faster but did not find the platform earlier, suggesting a less directed navigational strategy. Both sexes increased time spent in the target zone over the days, with no sex differences. Although females swam more in the periphery during the first days of the task, both sexes decreased the time spent in this area. Finally, only males increased swimming in the pool's center over the days, spending more time than females in this area across the entire training. In conclusion, we need to register several variables in the MWM and analyze path strategies to obtain more robust results concerning sex differences. Research on spatial learning should include both sexes to achieve a more equitable, representative, and translational science.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10657399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bumblebees show capacity for behavioral traditions. 大黄蜂显示出行为传统的能力。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00594-0

Felicity Muth

引用次数: 0

Different memory systems in food-hoarding birds: A response to Pravosudov. 惜食鸟类的不同记忆系统：对普拉沃苏多夫的回应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00630-7

Tom V Smulders, Jenny C A Read

引用次数: 0

Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons 探索鸽子单一代码/默认策略的边界条件

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0

Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz

{"title":"Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons","authors":"Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the extent of adoption of more efficient coding strategies, pigeons learned, in three experiments, a symbolic matching-to-sample task that featured an asymmetric sample-comparison mapping. In all experiments, one comparison was correct following one of the samples (one-to-one mapping), and another comparison was correct following the remaining samples (many-to-one mapping). The experiments differed in sample number; Experiment 1 featured three samples, Experiment 2 five samples, and Experiment 3 seven samples. Our goal was to assess the adoption of a single-code/default coding strategy, which establishes two response rules: one rule specific to the sample mapped one-to-one (the single code), and another rule to be applied following any other sample (the default rule). Alternatively, the animals could establish more response rules, one per sample. Thus, the single-code/default strategy allows learning a task via a reduced number of response rules, and the more samples are mapped many-to-one, the greater the savings it allows. As such, the three experiments should progressively be more amenable to the adoption of this strategy. Overall, the adoption of a single-code/default strategy was not widespread. When taken together with previous results, the present study suggests that the amount of training may affect the coding strategy pigeons adopt. Additionally, our results underscore that individual differences are a fundamental aspect to consider when studying learning flexibility.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0