Learning & Behavior最新文献_第6页

Super and deepened-extinction in human predictive learning and a comparison of associative models. 人类预测学习的超级和深度消退及联想模型的比较。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00681-4

Ovidiu Brudan, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Steven Glautier

{"title":"Super and deepened-extinction in human predictive learning and a comparison of associative models.","authors":"Ovidiu Brudan, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Steven Glautier","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00681-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00681-4","url":null,"abstract":"Cue-exposure is a treatment (e.g. for addictions and phobias) that aims to extinguish conditioned responses to target cues. However, especially in the case of addiction, relapse still occurs after cue-exposure and this may be due to recovery of conditioned responses outside of the extinction context. Super-extinction and deepened-extinction are two compound-cue extinction procedures which have been assessed for their capacity to produce more robust extinction than standard single-cue extinction procedures. We carried out further assessment of super and deepened-extinction protocols but found no evidence that they produced less response recovery compared to single-cue extinction. Contrariwise, super-extinction actually produced more recovery than the other two conditions. These results can be understood in terms of configural associative models (configural Rescorla-Wagner and Pearce configural model) but not in terms of the simple elemental Rescorla-Wagner model. Furthermore, the configural models provided better fits to overall data, and the Pearce configural model was better than the configural Rescorla-Wagner model.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"368-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit. 揭示虾青素和DHA对围产期营养不良引起的氧化应激和认知缺陷的协同作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4

Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda

{"title":"Unraveling the synergistic effects of Astaxanthin and DHA on perinatal undernutrition-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficit.","authors":"Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde, Megha Bhat Agni, Praveen Rai, Monika Sadananda, A M Mirajkar, B Mohana Kumar, Anu V Ranade, K M Damodara Gowda","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00673-4","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal undernutrition sensitizes offspring to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases, including cognitive dysfunction, which poses significant public health issues. Undernutrition is the most powerful condition of physiological stress, and epidemiological studies indicate detrimental effects on cognitive function and behavior in human offspring exposed to inadequate perinatal nutrition, leading to increased peroxidation of PUFAs in the brain. To address these issues, the present study investigated the protective effects of the antioxidant nutraceuticals astaxanthin (AsX) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the protective effect of DHA in the presence of antioxidants on the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition. Using a Wistar rat model, AsX and DHA improved learning and memory skills in perinatally undernourished offspring. The cognitive parameters included the RAM and NOR tests, and the oxidative stress parameters were assessed by the estimation of GSH, MDA, total nitrite, and TAC. This study revealed spatial learning, memory dysfunction, and abnormal exploratory behavior in offspring exposed to perinatal undernutrition at different time points in postnatal life, and these effects were ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by perinatal undernutrition was also ameliorated by AsX and DHA. Induced oxidative stress was significantly correlated with cognitive function. This study revealed the potential of AsX and DHA supplementation during the perinatal period for the future development of cognitive dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"397-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bee reasonable: Do bumblebees reason by exclusion? 蜜蜂是理性的：大黄蜂是通过排斥来推理的吗？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00661-0

Donna Kean, Alex H Taylor

引用次数: 0

The role of associative learning in sensitization. 联想学习在敏化中的作用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00659-8

Kenneth J Leising

引用次数: 0

Do marmosets really have names? 狨猴真的有名字吗？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00662-z

Kelly Jaakkola

引用次数: 0

Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity. 结果特异性巴甫洛夫-工具转移（PIT）的消失、工具结果贬值和奖励相关的注意捕获是由情感驱动的冲动性预测的。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1

Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall

{"title":"Extinction of outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), instrumental outcome devaluation, and reward-related attentional capture are predicted by affect-driven impulsivity.","authors":"Felisa González, Francisco Garre-Frutos, Irene Hinojosa-Aguayo, Geoffrey Hall","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00676-1","url":null,"abstract":"In two online experiments, we aimed to study the relationship between emotion dysregulation and persistence of incentive salience attributed to reward cues. Participants' negative urgency (NU) was assessed before they completed a value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) task measuring incentive salience as attentional sign-tracking. This consisted of two phases - rewarded and unrewarded - to evaluate the persistence of the VMAC effect. Subsequently, a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure was employed as another measure of incentive salience. In Experiment 1 both outcome-specific and general PIT effects were assessed, along with the impact of instrumental outcome devaluation (OD). Experiment 2 focused on the effect of Pavlovian extinction on specific PIT. Both outcome devaluation and extinction are indices of implicit emotion regulation. In Experiment 1, the OD index showed a significant positive correlation with specific PIT and a negative correlation with the NU score. In Experiment 2, the extinction index of specific PIT, linked to the level of explicit knowledge of the contingencies, correlated negatively with NU. The VMAC effect and its persistence showed correlations with NU, positive and negative, respectively (Experiment 1). No relationships were found between any measure of VMAC and OD or PIT effects in any of the experiments. These findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with increased attentional sign-tracking and can hinder action control and selection. These phenomena may be governed by distinct mechanisms, with the VMAC effect being more automatic and the specific PIT effect exhibiting varying degrees of goal-directed behavior depending on the effectiveness of implicit emotion regulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"335-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eavesdropping and contagious alarming in bird communities. 鸟类群落的窃听和传染性警报。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z

Federica Rossetto, Gonçalo C Cardoso, Paola Laiolo

{"title":"Eavesdropping and contagious alarming in bird communities.","authors":"Federica Rossetto, Gonçalo C Cardoso, Paola Laiolo","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00678-z","url":null,"abstract":"Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls can provide valuable information about predator presence and therefore yield survival benefits. However, if, how, and why individuals react to heterospecific alarms is poorly known. If heterospecific alarms trigger a response, individuals might either stop their own vocal activity (acoustic suppression), to avoid being detected, or start alarming (acoustic stimulation), to warn conspecifics or deter predators. Here, we performed playback experiments with the alarms of 14 common forest passerine species and tested whether heterospecifics changed their acoustic behavior after playbacks and whether this involved suppression or stimulation. Moreover, we tested whether bird behavior was influenced by species-specific attributes such as escape capability, the propensity of being predated by raptors and carnivorous mammals, and the acoustic properties of alarms affecting detectability. Birds uttered alarms more frequently after playbacks than after silent controls, gave the same alarms as they normally use in response to conspecifics, and did not suppress their acoustic activity after playbacks. These results indicate that birds perceive threat from heterospecific alarms and are contagiously stimulated to alarm, rather than inhibited. Species with morphological attributes that promote agility and suffering low predation rates were more acoustically stimulated by heterospecific alarms, irrespective of the acoustic properties of the playback or their own alarms, indicating that the propensity to join into an alarm calling bout is mediated by predation risk. This study provides evidence for contagious alarming across species, for potential costs of responding to these stimuli, and shows a facilitative role of signalers within communities.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"321-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocal labeling of others by nonhuman primates: A response to Jaakkola (2025). 非人类灵长类动物对他人的声音标签：对Jaakkola（2025）的回应。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00682-3

Guy Oren, David Omer

引用次数: 0

Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task. 体验性冲动任务中个体差异的最大会话内稳定性。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0

Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock

{"title":"Maximizing within-session stability in individual differences during an experiential impulsivity task.","authors":"Michael E Young, Patrick M Hancock","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00677-0","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral measures of impulsivity and other traits often show weaker test-retest reliability than self-report measures. Weaker reliability impacts the assessment of individual differences in the trait or state being assessed. Behavioral tasks demonstrate greater sensitivity to state variables which may be a key reason for changes in ranked performance across time. The present study examines a single impulsivity task, the escalating interest task, and considers the design principles that may alter the within-session stability of the assessed behavior. A reanalysis of existing data is contrasted with new behavioral data to reveal that rapid changes in task contingencies produced more stable individual differences than prolonged exposure to each contingency. This outcome may be driven by expanding the number of contingencies experienced at each assessment or by keeping behavior in transition. An attempt to avoid floor or ceiling effects by increasing the ambiguity of the contingency, however, did not produce the desired result. The implications of these results for the escalating interest task as well as other behavioral tasks are considered.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"355-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chasing solutions: A response to Bastos et al. (2024). 追逐解决方案：对巴斯托斯等人（2024）的回应。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00672-5

Anamarie C Johnson, Clive D L Wynne

引用次数: 0