Learning & Behavior最新文献_第7页

Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues. 普通壁虎通过化学线索学习熟悉-不熟悉同种生物的身份。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7

Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti

{"title":"Common wall lizards learn familiar-unfamiliar identity of conspecifics through chemical cues.","authors":"Roberto Sacchi, Anita Curti, Paola Tassone, Benedetta Chiello, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00670-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite numerous studies on individual recognition having been carried out on lizards, a clear demonstration that lizards are able to identify conspecifics is still lacking. Individual recognition in lizards involves identifying conspecifics based on distinctive characteristics, including physical, acoustic, and chemical cues. Lizards use specialized epidermal glands for intraspecific communication, which secrete a mixture of proteins and lipids. To demonstrate individual recognition, a training period needs to be devised to establish associations between traits and memories of interactions with other individuals. We thus performed a 3-week study on the common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) to assess whether lizards are able to associate between previous experience with conspecifics and their chemical signals. Further, we investigated whether proteins played a role in this association. We acclimated 40 males to laboratory conditions during the first week. In the second week, we trained lizards to develop familiarity with odors (feces, urine, skin, femoral gland secretion) from previously unknown individuals. During the third week, we tested lizards by exposing them to odors from familiar and unfamiliar individuals. Lizards examined unfamiliar signals for longer in terms of time and frequency compared to familiar ones. These results form the basis of showing that lizards may be capable of recognizing conspecifics as different individuals, based on their chemical signals, even if the observed discrimination remains at the level of familiarity and unfamiliarity. The experiment does, however, demonstrate evidence of learned responses in common wall lizards.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms. 在啮齿动物的恐惧条件反射范例中，电击强度、音长匹配和焦虑水平对冻结和22 khz usv的差异调制。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6

Benhuiyuan Zheng, Jiaojiao Rao, Lili Bao, Delin Yu, Bin Yin

{"title":"Differential modulation of freezing and 22-kHz USVs by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms.","authors":"Benhuiyuan Zheng, Jiaojiao Rao, Lili Bao, Delin Yu, Bin Yin","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00671-6","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of fear in animals, particularly its manifestation and measurement, remains a focal point in psychological research. This study builds on the systematic review and meta-analysis work of Bao et al. (Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 157: 105537, 2024), which posits that freezing behavior and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may represent objective and subjective fear states in rodents, respectively. We further investigated how these responses are modulated by shock intensity, tone-duration matching, and individual anxiety levels in rodent fear-conditioning paradigms. Experiment 1 manipulated shock intensity during fear learning and tone-duration matching between learning and cue tests, revealing that while freezing behavior was consistent across conditions, 22-kHz USVs varied significantly and appeared later than freezing. This divergence was more pronounced in fear generalization tests. Experiment 2 explored the response differences in rodents with high and low anxiety, demonstrating that highly anxious individuals exhibited more 22-kHz USVs but not increased freezing during cue tests. These findings suggest that while freezing may reflect automatic defensive reactions, 22-kHz USVs are more indicative of rodents' cognitive appraisal and their subjective experience of fear. This distinction provides valuable insights that could improve the translation of animal fear models to human psychiatric conditions related to fear and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"288-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are crows smart? Let them count the ways. 乌鸦聪明吗？让它们数数吧。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00656-x

Melissa Johnston, Damian Scarf

引用次数: 0

Complex relationship between response rate and preference in pigeons: Williams (1992) revisited. 鸽子的反应率和偏好之间的复杂关系：Williams（1992）。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00660-1

Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng, Laiba Rasul

{"title":"Complex relationship between response rate and preference in pigeons: Williams (1992) revisited.","authors":"Thomas R Zentall, Daniel N Peng, Laiba Rasul","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00660-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00660-1","url":null,"abstract":"A decrease in the rate of reinforcement associated with one component of a multiple schedule is typically associated with a decrease in responding in that component as well as with an increase in responding in the unchanged component. This increase in responding, referred to as positive contrast, is thought to result from an increase in the subjective value associated with the unchanged component. Williams Animal Learning & Behavior, 19, 337-344, (1991) challenged this hypothesis in an experiment with pigeons in which Stimulus A, associated with a variable interval schedule, was always followed by Stimulus X, associated with extinction, while Stimulus B, associated with the same variable interval schedule, was always followed by Stimulus Y, also associated with a variable interval schedule. Although Williams found that most of the pigeons pecked more at Stimulus A than at Stimulus B (behavioral contrast), when the pigeons were given a choice between Stimulus A and B, they showed a preference for Stimulus B. In the present experiment (a slight modification from Williams's), we confirmed this finding. Although our pigeons pecked more at Stimulus A than at Stimulus B, they generally preferred Stimulus B, the stimulus that was not followed by extinction. This result suggests that positive contrast may not result from an increase in the subjective value of the unchanged component. Instead, it suggests that this version of positive contrast may result at least in part from the pigeons' attempt to get all of the reinforcers possible in the presence of Stimulus A before the extinction schedule begins.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"248-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit knowledge of words in dogs. 狗对单词的内隐知识

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00648-x

Emma Cox, Jeffrey S Katz

引用次数: 0

Examination of hierarchical form perception in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). 非洲灰鹦鹉（Psittacus erithacus）等级形式感知的研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00664-x

Muhammad A J Qadri, Suzanne L Gray

引用次数: 0

Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance. 通过类别条件反射检验厌恶学习：来自试验独特呈现和动眼肌回避的证据。

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0

Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu

{"title":"Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance.","authors":"Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu","doi":"10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-025-00669-0","url":null,"abstract":"Disgust is a basic emotion that motivates avoidance behaviors to protect organisms from pathogens. Objects of disgust are acquired through classical conditioning mechanisms. Oculomotor avoidance serves as an objective marker of disgust, yet previous studies have relied on repeated presentations to establish disgust conditioning. This study aimed to adapt the category-conditioning paradigm (Dunsmoor et al., Cerebral Cortex, 24, 2859-2872, 2014) for disgust learning by employing trial-unique presentations, offering a novel tool for future research. In our experiment, items of two categories - furniture and vehicles - were paired with either disgusting or neutral scenes. Participants' eye movements were tracked, and self-reported measures were collected. The results demonstrated that the category-conditioning task with trial-unique stimuli effectively induced oculomotor avoidance. Participants exhibited both unconditioned avoidance responses to disgusting scenes and conditioned avoidance responses to category items associated with disgust. Eye-tracking data further revealed that disgust-associated stimuli motivated avoidance beyond their role as mere predictors of an aversive stimulus. Interestingly, participants initially exhibited a tendency to view the disgusting image before engaging in avoidance behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the adapted category-conditioning paradigm successfully elicits conditioned responses using trial-unique stimuli. We believe that this paradigm will provide a valuable tool for future research on disgust learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What evidence can validate a dog training method? 哪些证据可以验证训犬方法？

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00658-9

Amalia P M Bastos, Elizabeth Warren, Christopher Krupenye

引用次数: 0

Variation in animal architecture: Genes, environment, and culture. 动物结构的变异：基因、环境和文化。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00651-2

Benjamin A Whittaker

引用次数: 0

Effects of methamphetamine on delay discounting in rats using concurrent chains. 甲基苯丙胺对使用并发链大鼠延迟折现的影响

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00657-w

Rebecca Rose Hazel Bodeker, Randolph C Grace

{"title":"Effects of methamphetamine on delay discounting in rats using concurrent chains.","authors":"Rebecca Rose Hazel Bodeker, Randolph C Grace","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00657-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-024-00657-w","url":null,"abstract":"Research has examined how stimulants affect impulsive choice in delay-discounting tasks, but little is known about whether such drugs influence how discounting varies with reward magnitude. This study sought to investigate the effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine administration on rats' responding in a rapid acquisition choice task in which reward delays were changed unpredictably across sessions. In each group of four sessions, delays were unequal (1 s/8 s, or 8 s/1 s) or equal (1 s/1 s, or 8 s/8 s) while reward magnitudes were constant and unequal (one dipper cycle/four dipper cycles). This enabled us to obtain both estimates of delay discounting (i.e., sensitivity to delay) and the magnitude effect (in which larger rewards are discounted at a lower rate). Methamphetamine was administered in increasing doses acutely and chronically. Baseline results showed that rats reliably preferred the alternative with a shorter delay and that choice for the larger reward was greater when the delays were long, consistent with the magnitude effect. Acute methamphetamine dose dependently reduced both sensitivity to delay and the magnitude effect, but not sensitivity to magnitude. Chronic administration had no systematic effect on choice. This study is the first to report a magnitude effect with rats in a rapid acquisition choice procedure similar to that found in delay discounting research with humans, and suggests that acute methamphetamine administration reduces control by contingencies that change across sessions.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"232-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0