Learning & Behavior最新文献_第7页

Investigating boundary-geometry use by whip spiders (Phrynus marginemaculatus) during goal-directed navigation. 研究鞭蛛（Phrynus marginemaculatus）在目标导航过程中对边界几何的使用。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5

Vincent J Coppola, Hannah E Caram, Cecilia Robeson, Sophia M Beeler, Eileen A Hebets, Daniel D Wiegmann, Verner P Bingman

{"title":"Investigating boundary-geometry use by whip spiders (Phrynus marginemaculatus) during goal-directed navigation.","authors":"Vincent J Coppola, Hannah E Caram, Cecilia Robeson, Sophia M Beeler, Eileen A Hebets, Daniel D Wiegmann, Verner P Bingman","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00600-5","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that whip spiders (Amblypygi) can use a variety of cues to navigate to and recognize a home refuge. The current study aimed to determine whether whip spiders were capable of using the boundary geometry of an experimental space (geometric information) to guide goal-directed navigation and to investigate any preferential use of geometric or feature (visual) information. Animals were first trained to find a goal location situated in one corner of a rectangular arena (geometric information) fronting a dark-green-colored wall, which created a brightness contrast with the other three white walls (feature information). Various probe trials were then implemented to determine cue use. It was found that animals were capable of directing their choice behavior towards geometrically correct corners at a rate significantly higher than chance, even when the feature cue was removed. By contrast, choice behavior dropped to random chance when geometric information was removed (test in a square arena) and only feature information remained. Choice behavior was also reduced to chance when geometric and feature information were set in conflict (by moving the feature cue to one of the longer walls in the rectangular arena). The data thus suggest that whip spiders are capable of using geometric information to guide goal-directed navigation and that geometric information is preferred over feature guidance, although a feature cue may set the context for activating geometry-guided navigation. Experimental design limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"170-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10443948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior. 叙事框架可能会增加人类的次优选择行为。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z

Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards

{"title":"Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior.","authors":"Jessica Stagner Bodily, Kent D Bodily, Robert A Southern, Erin E Baum, Vincent M Edwards","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z","url":null,"abstract":"Under certain conditions, multiple nonhuman species have been observed engaging in choice behavior that resulted in less food earned when compared to the amount of food that was available to be earned over the course of a session. This phenomenon is particularly strong in pigeons, but has also been observed in rats and nonhuman primates. Conversely, human participants have demonstrated a propensity to choose more optimally. However, human participants do not exclusively choose the alternative associated with more reinforcement. Framing a task in a real-world narrative has been effective in improving problem-solving on other tasks such as the Wason Four-Card problem. The present study gave human participants a choice task with either abstract stimuli or with a real-world narrative. In addition, participants were given terminal stimuli that were either predictive or unpredictive of reinforcement. Thus, participants were assigned to one of four conditions: Abstract Predictive, Abstract Unpredictive, Narrative Predictive, or Narrative Unpredictive. In contrast to the improved performance on the Wason Four-Card task, the current study found no evidence that the addition of a real-world narrative improved optimal choice performance. Rather, it may have interfered with optimal choice selection in that participants who received the narrative and unpredictive terminal stimuli were at chance performance at the end of the experimental session. Conversely, participants in the Abstract Unpredictive, Abstract Predictive, and Narrative Predictive conditions all demonstrated a preference for the optimal alternative. Possible mechanisms for these findings and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are there sex differences in spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze? A large-sample experimental study. 在Morris水迷宫中，空间参考记忆是否存在性别差异？大样本实验研究。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w

Candela Zorzo, Jorge L Arias, Marta Méndez

{"title":"Are there sex differences in spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze? A large-sample experimental study.","authors":"Candela Zorzo, Jorge L Arias, Marta Méndez","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00598-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sex differences have been found in allocentric spatial learning and memory tasks, with the literature indicating that males outperform females, although this issue is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the behavior of male and female rats during the habituation and learning of a spatial memory task performed in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). The study included a large sample of 89 males and 85 females. We found that females searched slightly faster than males during habituation with a visible platform. During learning, both male and female rats decreased the latency and distance traveled to find the hidden platform over the days, with males outperforming females in the distance traveled. Females swam faster but did not find the platform earlier, suggesting a less directed navigational strategy. Both sexes increased time spent in the target zone over the days, with no sex differences. Although females swam more in the periphery during the first days of the task, both sexes decreased the time spent in this area. Finally, only males increased swimming in the pool's center over the days, spending more time than females in this area across the entire training. In conclusion, we need to register several variables in the MWM and analyze path strategies to obtain more robust results concerning sex differences. Research on spatial learning should include both sexes to achieve a more equitable, representative, and translational science.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10657399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bumblebees show capacity for behavioral traditions. 大黄蜂显示出行为传统的能力。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00594-0

Felicity Muth

引用次数: 0

Different memory systems in food-hoarding birds: A response to Pravosudov. 惜食鸟类的不同记忆系统：对普拉沃苏多夫的回应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00630-7

Tom V Smulders, Jenny C A Read

引用次数: 0

Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons 探索鸽子单一代码/默认策略的边界条件

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0

Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz

{"title":"Exploring boundary conditions of the single-code/default strategy in pigeons","authors":"Carlos Pinto, João Queiroz","doi":"10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-024-00629-0","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the extent of adoption of more efficient coding strategies, pigeons learned, in three experiments, a symbolic matching-to-sample task that featured an asymmetric sample-comparison mapping. In all experiments, one comparison was correct following one of the samples (one-to-one mapping), and another comparison was correct following the remaining samples (many-to-one mapping). The experiments differed in sample number; Experiment 1 featured three samples, Experiment 2 five samples, and Experiment 3 seven samples. Our goal was to assess the adoption of a single-code/default coding strategy, which establishes two response rules: one rule specific to the sample mapped one-to-one (the single code), and another rule to be applied following any other sample (the default rule). Alternatively, the animals could establish more response rules, one per sample. Thus, the single-code/default strategy allows learning a task via a reduced number of response rules, and the more samples are mapped many-to-one, the greater the savings it allows. As such, the three experiments should progressively be more amenable to the adoption of this strategy. Overall, the adoption of a single-code/default strategy was not widespread. When taken together with previous results, the present study suggests that the amount of training may affect the coding strategy pigeons adopt. Additionally, our results underscore that individual differences are a fundamental aspect to consider when studying learning flexibility.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rat spatial memory and foraging on dual radial mazes. 大鼠在双径向迷宫中的空间记忆和觅食能力

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2

William A Roberts, Krista Macpherson, Sophia Robinson, Abagail Hennessy, Bram Richmond

{"title":"Rat spatial memory and foraging on dual radial mazes.","authors":"William A Roberts, Krista Macpherson, Sophia Robinson, Abagail Hennessy, Bram Richmond","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00592-2","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments are reported that used a new test of spatial memory in rats. The apparatus used was dual eight-arm radial mazes that were connected at one arm of each maze, with a start arm and doors to each maze. Rats could be forced to go to one maze or the other or could make a free choice between mazes. In Experiment 1, rats formed reference memory for the arm containing food on one maze but had food randomly placed on different arms over trials on the other maze. In Experiment 2, rats formed working memory for the arm containing food on one maze but not the other. In Experiment 3, food location changed randomly among trials on both mazes, but one maze contained a cue for the location of food. Rats used reference and working memory to go directly to the food arm on one maze but found food only after searching several arms on the other maze. Most importantly, when given free-choice trials rats developed a significant preference for the maze where they knew the location of food reward or found the cue indicating the location of reward. We suggest these findings may be best interpreted by rats applying two successive rules: (1) choose the maze that leads to the most immediate reward, and (2) use extramaze or intramaze cues to find reward location on the maze.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal foundations of episodic memory. 情景记忆的时间基础。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00608-x

Jonathon D Crystal

引用次数: 0

The mosaic structure of the mammalian cognitive map. 哺乳动物认知图谱的马赛克结构。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00618-9

Kate J Jeffery

{"title":"The mosaic structure of the mammalian cognitive map.","authors":"Kate J Jeffery","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00618-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00618-9","url":null,"abstract":"The cognitive map, proposed by Tolman in the 1940s, is a hypothetical internal representation of space constructed by the brain to enable an animal to undertake flexible spatial behaviors such as navigation. The subsequent discovery of place cells in the hippocampus of rats suggested that such a map-like representation does exist, and also provided a tool with which to explore its properties. Single-neuron studies in rodents conducted in small singular spaces have suggested that the map is founded on a metric framework, preserving distances and directions in an abstract representational format. An open question is whether this metric structure pertains over extended, often complexly structured real-world space. The data reviewed here suggest that this is not the case. The emerging picture is that instead of being a single, unified construct, the map is a mosaic of fragments that are heterogeneous, variably metric, multiply scaled, and sometimes laid on top of each other. Important organizing factors within and between fragments include boundaries, context, compass direction, and gravity. The map functions not to provide a comprehensive and precise rendering of the environment but rather to support adaptive behavior, tailored to the species and situation.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"19-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10923978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Directed retreat and navigational mechanisms in trail following Formica obscuripes. 指示撤退和导航机制的踪迹跟随蒙昧蚁。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00604-1

Cody A Freas, Marcia L Spetch

{"title":"Directed retreat and navigational mechanisms in trail following Formica obscuripes.","authors":"Cody A Freas, Marcia L Spetch","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00604-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00604-1","url":null,"abstract":"Ant species exhibit behavioural commonalities when solving navigational challenges for successful orientation and to reach goal locations. These behaviours rely on a shared toolbox of navigational strategies that guide individuals under an array of motivational contexts. The mechanisms that support these behaviours, however, are tuned to each species' habitat and ecology with some exhibiting unique navigational behaviours. This leads to clear differences in how ant navigators rely on this shared toolbox to reach goals. Species with hybrid foraging structures, which navigate partially upon a pheromone-marked column, express distinct differences in their toolbox, compared to solitary foragers. Here, we explore the navigational abilities of the Western Thatching ant (Formica obscuripes), a hybrid foraging species whose navigational mechanisms have not been studied. We characterise their reliance on both the visual panorama and a path integrator for orientation, with the pheromone's presence acting as a non-directional reassurance cue, promoting continued orientation based on other strategies. This species also displays backtracking behaviour, which occurs with a combination of unfamiliar terrestrial cues and the absence of the pheromone, thus operating based upon a combination of the individual mechanisms observed in solitarily and socially foraging species. We also characterise a new form of goalless orientation in these ants, an initial retreating behaviour that is modulated by the forager's path integration system. The behaviour directs disturbed inbound foragers back along their outbound path for a short distance before recovering and reorienting back to the nest.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10923983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0