Learning & Behavior最新文献_第8页

Resolving conflict between aversive and appetitive learning of views: how ants shift to a new route during navigation. 解决厌恶性和食欲性观点学习之间的冲突：蚂蚁如何在导航过程中转向新路线。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00595-z

Vito A G Lionetti, Sudhakar Deeti, Trevor Murray, Ken Cheng

{"title":"Resolving conflict between aversive and appetitive learning of views: how ants shift to a new route during navigation.","authors":"Vito A G Lionetti, Sudhakar Deeti, Trevor Murray, Ken Cheng","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00595-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00595-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ants store and recall views associated with foraging success, facilitating future foraging journeys. Negative views are also learned, but instead prompt avoidance behaviors such as turning away. However, little is known about the aversive view's role in navigation, the effect of cue conflict, or the contextual relationship between learning and recalling. In this study, we tested Myrmecia midas' capacity for aversive learning of views either independently of or in conflict with appetitive events. We either captured and released foragers when reaching a location or let them pass unhindered. After a few journeys, captured foragers exhibited aversive learning by circumventing the capture location and increasing both meandering and scanning. Ants that experienced foraging-appetitive and homing-aversive events on their journeys exhibited lower rates of avoidance behavior and scans than those experiencing aversive events in both outbound and homebound journeys. The foraging-aversive and homing-aversive ants exhibited similar levels of avoidance and scanning as those that experienced the foraging-aversive and homing-appetitive. We found that foragers showed evidence of context specificity in their scanning behavior, but not in other measures of aversive learning. The foragers did not increase their meandering and scans while approaching the views associated with aversive events. In addition to shedding light on the role of aversive views in navigation, our finding has important implications for understanding the learning mechanisms triggered by handling animals.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10067690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Context-induced renewal of passive but not active coping behaviours in the shock-probe defensive burying task. 在冲击探针防御性掩埋任务中，情境诱导被动应对行为的恢复，而非主动应对行为的恢复。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00583-3

Alexa Brown, Melissa Martins, Isabelle Richard, Nadia Chaudhri

{"title":"Context-induced renewal of passive but not active coping behaviours in the shock-probe defensive burying task.","authors":"Alexa Brown, Melissa Martins, Isabelle Richard, Nadia Chaudhri","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00583-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00583-3","url":null,"abstract":"Renewal is the return of extinguished responding after removal from the extinction context. Renewal has been extensively studied using classical aversive conditioning procedures that measure a passive freezing response to an aversive conditioned stimulus. However, coping responses to aversive stimuli are complex and can be reflected in passive and active behaviours. Using the shock-probe defensive burying task, we investigated whether different coping responses are susceptible to renewal. During conditioning, male, Long-Evans rats were placed into a specific context (Context A) where an electrified shock-probe delivered a 3 mA shock upon contact. During extinction, the shock-probe was unarmed in either the same (Context A) or a different context (Context B). Renewal of conditioned responses was assessed in the conditioning context (ABA) or in a novel context (ABC or AAB). Renewal of passive coping responses, indicated by an increased latency and a decreased duration of shock-probe contacts, was observed in all groups. However, renewal of passive coping, measured by increased time spent on the side of the chamber opposite the shock-probe, was only found in the ABA group. Renewal of active coping responses linked to defensive burying was not observed in any group. The present findings highlight the presence of multiple psychological processes underlying even basic forms of aversive conditioning and demonstrate the importance of assessing a broader set of behaviours to tease apart these different underlying mechanisms. The current findings suggest that passive coping responses may be more reliable indicators for assessing renewal than active coping behaviours associated with defensive burying.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9759156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Still-face effect in domestic dogs: comparing untrained with trained and animal assisted interventions dogs. 家犬的静止脸效应：比较未经训练的家犬与训练有素的家犬和动物辅助干预犬。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00589-x

C Cavalli, M V Dzik, G Barrera, M Bentosela

{"title":"Still-face effect in domestic dogs: comparing untrained with trained and animal assisted interventions dogs.","authors":"C Cavalli, M V Dzik, G Barrera, M Bentosela","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00589-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00589-x","url":null,"abstract":"The still-face effect has been extensively studied in human infants and comprises the reduction in affiliative behaviors and increased stress that occurs after a sudden interruption of social interaction with a caregiver. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are model candidates for showing this effect, as they form deep bonds with their owners and interspecific social interaction is reinforcing to them. The aim of these studies was to assess if companion dogs exhibit the still-face effect and whether prior experiences during ontogeny modulate this effect. To this end, Study 1 compared dogs with different levels of training (untrained, intermediate, and advanced), while Study 2 assessed dogs that participated in Animal Assisted Interventions (AAIs) and companion dogs (CDs). The procedure was carried out virtually and comprised three phases lasting 1 min: interaction, still-face (the owner turned suddenly indifferent), and reunion (the interaction was resumed). Dogs exhibited a decrease in proximity to and contact with the owner, as well as an increase in begging and stress behaviors during the still-face phase. Moreover, this was not observed in a control condition in which the interaction continued in the same way during all three phases, discarding alternative explanations for these changes. These results show that dogs experience a still-face effect in a similar way to infants, highlighting the value interspecific social interaction has for dogs. Nevertheless, the absence of differences according to their training level or participation in AAIs suggests this is a robust phenomenon, which appears to be less susceptible to the influences of ontogenetic experiences.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contiguity and overshadowing interactions in the rapid-streaming procedure. 快速流程序中的连续性和阴影相互作用

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00582-4

José A Alcalá, Ralph R Miller, Richard D Kirkden, Gonzalo P Urcelay

{"title":"Contiguity and overshadowing interactions in the rapid-streaming procedure.","authors":"José A Alcalá, Ralph R Miller, Richard D Kirkden, Gonzalo P Urcelay","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00582-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00582-4","url":null,"abstract":"When multiple cues are associated with the same outcome, organisms tend to select between the cues, with one revealing greater behavioral control at the expense of the others (i.e., cue competition). However, non-human and human studies have not always observed this competition, creating a puzzling scenario in which the interaction between cues can result in competition, no interaction, or facilitation as a function of several learning parameters. In five experiments, we assessed whether temporal contiguity and overshadowing effects are reliably observed in the streamed-trial procedure, and whether there was an interaction between them. We anticipated that weakening temporal contiguity (ranging from 500 to 1,000 ms) should attenuate competition. Using within-subject designs, participants experienced independent series of rapid streams in which they had to learn the relationship between visual cues (presented either alone or with another cue) and an outcome, with the cue-outcome pairings being presented with either a delay or trace relationship. Across experiments, we observed overshadowing (Experiments 1, 2, 4, and 5) and temporal contiguity effects (Experiments 2, 3, and 4). Despite the frequent occurrence of both effects, we did not find that trace conditioning abolished competition between cues. Overall, these results suggest that the extent to which contiguity determines cue interactions depends on multiple variables, some of which we address in the General discussion.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hippocampus and neocortex send and receive predictive information. 海马体和新皮层收发预测信息

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00563-z

Eric A Thrailkill

引用次数: 0

Simple questions on simple associations: regularity extraction in non-human primates. 关于简单关联的简单问题：非人灵长类动物的规律性提取。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00579-z

Jeremy Yeaton, Laure Tosatto, Joël Fagot, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey

{"title":"Simple questions on simple associations: regularity extraction in non-human primates.","authors":"Jeremy Yeaton, Laure Tosatto, Joël Fagot, Jonathan Grainger, Arnaud Rey","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00579-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00579-z","url":null,"abstract":"When human and non-human animals learn sequences, they manage to implicitly extract statistical regularities through associative learning mechanisms. In two experiments conducted with a non-human primate species (Guinea baboons, Papio papio), we addressed simple questions on the learning of simple AB associations appearing in longer noisy sequences. Using a serial reaction time task, we manipulated the position of AB within the sequence, such that it could be either fixed (by appearing always at the beginning, middle, or end of a four-element sequence; Experiment 1) or variable (Experiment 2). We also tested the effect of sequence length in Experiment 2 by comparing the performance on AB when it was presented at a variable position within a sequence of four or five elements. The slope of RTs from A to B was taken for each condition as a measurement of learning rate. While all conditions differed significantly from a no-regularity baseline, we found strong evidence that the learning rate did not differ between the conditions. These results indicate that regularity extraction is not impacted by the position of the regularity within a sequence and by the length of the sequence. These data provide novel general empirical constraints for modeling associative mechanisms in sequence learning.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9587485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Mutual facilitation between activity-based anorexia and schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. 更正：大鼠基于活动的厌食症和时间表诱导的多饮之间的相互促进作用。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00603-2

María José Labajos, Gianluca Calcagni, Ricardo Pellón

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of impulsive choice: Experiments to explore and models to map the empirical terrain. 冲动选择的机制：实验探索和模型绘制实证地形图。

IF 1.9 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00577-1

Travis R Smith, Robert Southern, Kimberly Kirkpatrick

{"title":"Mechanisms of impulsive choice: Experiments to explore and models to map the empirical terrain.","authors":"Travis R Smith, Robert Southern, Kimberly Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00577-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00577-1","url":null,"abstract":"Impulsive choice is preference for a smaller-sooner (SS) outcome over a larger-later (LL) outcome when LL choices result in greater reinforcement maximization. Delay discounting is a model of impulsive choice that describes the decaying value of a reinforcer over time, with impulsive choice evident when the empirical choice-delay function is steep. Steep discounting is correlated with multiple diseases and disorders. Thus, understanding the processes underlying impulsive choice is a popular topic for investigation. Experimental research has explored the conditions that moderate impulsive choice, and quantitative models of impulsive choice have been developed that elegantly represent the underlying processes. This review spotlights experimental research in impulsive choice covering human and nonhuman animals across the domains of learning, motivation, and cognition. Contemporary models of delay discounting designed to explain the underlying mechanisms of impulsive choice are discussed. These models focus on potential candidate mechanisms, which include perception, delay and/or reinforcer sensitivity, reinforcement maximization, motivation, and cognitive systems. Although the models collectively explain multiple mechanistic phenomena, there are several cognitive processes, such as attention and working memory, that are overlooked. Future research and model development should focus on bridging the gap between quantitative models and empirical phenomena.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition and paradoxical choice. 抑制与矛盾选择

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00584-2

Valeria V González, Aaron P Blaisdell

{"title":"Inhibition and paradoxical choice.","authors":"Valeria V González, Aaron P Blaisdell","doi":"10.3758/s13420-023-00584-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-023-00584-2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated the role of inhibition in paradoxical choice in pigeons. In a paradoxical choice procedure, pigeons receive a choice between two alternatives. Choosing the \"suboptimal\" alternative is followed 20% of the time by one cue (the S+) that is always reinforced, and 80% of the time by another cue (S-) that is never reinforced. Thus, this alternative leads to an overall reinforcement rate of 20%. Choosing the \"optimal\" alternative, however, is followed by one of two cues (S3 or S4), each reinforced 50% of the time. Thus, this alternative leads to an overall reinforcement rate of 50%. González and Blaisdell (2021) reported that development of paradoxical choice was positively correlated to the development of inhibition to the S- (signal that no food will be delivered on that trial) post-choice stimulus. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that inhibition to a post-choice stimulus is causally related to suboptimal preference. Following acquisition of suboptimal preference, pigeons received two manipulations: in one condition one of the cues in the optimal alternative (S4) was extinguished and, in another condition, the S- cue was partially reinforced. When tested on the choice task afterward, both manipulations resulted in a decrement in suboptimal preference. This result is paradoxical given that both manipulations made the suboptimal alternative the richer option. We discuss the implications of our results, arguing that inhibition of a post-choice cue increases attraction to or value of that choice.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9403181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mutual facilitation between activity-based anorexia and schedule-induced polydipsia in rats. 基于活动的厌食症和时间表诱导的大鼠多饮之间的相互促进作用。

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-022-00560-2

María José Labajos, Gianluca Calcagni, Ricardo Pellón

{"title":"Mutual facilitation between activity-based anorexia and schedule-induced polydipsia in rats.","authors":"María José Labajos, Gianluca Calcagni, Ricardo Pellón","doi":"10.3758/s13420-022-00560-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13420-022-00560-2","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between drinking (licks) in the schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) phenomenon and running (turns in the wheel) in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) one. Within-subjects counterbalanced experiments were designed with male Wistar rats which underwent both behavioral procedures; half of them performed the ABA procedure first and the other half the SIP procedure first. In Experiment 1, the initial development of ABA facilitated the subsequent acquisition of SIP, whereas the first acquisition of SIP retarded the subsequent development of ABA. Given that SIP exposure implied food restriction, it could be that adaptation to the food regime contributed to lowering ABA manifestation. Thus, Experiment 2 was carried out in exactly the same way as Experiment 1, with the exception that animals which first went through SIP prior to undergoing the ABA procedure had no food restriction. In this case, both ABA and SIP as first experiences facilitated the further development of SIP and ABA, respectively. This suggests that running in ABA may be functionally similar to drinking in SIP; therefore, both behaviors can be thought of as induced by the schedule/regime of intermittent food availability.","PeriodicalId":49914,"journal":{"name":"Learning & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10546592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0