Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Short-term effects of vertical hole drilling using a novel semi-autonomous machine on maize yield and soil physical properties in a Cambisol sandy soil","authors":"Muhammad Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Qaswar,&nbsp;Ajit Borundia,&nbsp;Abdul Mounem Mouazen","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil compaction negatively impacts crop yield and soil health, posing a serious threat to the environment and agriculture sustainability. The amelioration of subsoil compaction mainly by subsoiling remains a costly and labor-intensive task that necessitates intelligent automation solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of drilling vertical hallow cylinders (40 mm in diameter) on subsoil compaction amelioration and fodder maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) yield in a Cambisol, sandy-textured soil over two subsequent cropping seasons. Six treatments with three replicates were tested in plots of 9 m by 9 m area, which were randomly distributed across a field in Flanders, Belgium. These treatments differ in depth (D) and hole-to-hole spacing (S), along with a no drilling control treatment (T0). Treatments consist of T1 (50 cm D by 50 cm S); T2 (50D by 75S); T3 (50D by 100S); T4 (90D by 50S); T5 (90D by 75S); and T6 (90D by 100S). Results showed that while minor improvement in soil compaction and crop yield took place in the first year of drilling after crop harvest, improvements were significant in the second cropping season. The highest yield increases with descending orders were observed in T6 (12.4 %), T5 (7.6 %), T4 (6.8 %) and T3 (1.7 %), compared to T0 treatment. At the second cropping season, BD at 40 cm depth decreased significantly in T3 by 7.5 %, while at 70 cm depth, BD decreased also significantly by 6.2 %, 8.6 %, and 7.4 % in T4, T5, and T6, respectively. These findings suggest that all the treatments with 90 cm depth penetration showed significant decreases in BD and significant increases in yield, with 75 cm and 100 cm spacing providing the highest increases in the yield. Further research is needed to determine the optimal depth and spacing for different crops and soil types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the dual-acting effects of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO): Yield increase and gaseous emission mitigation via microbial regulation","authors":"Yaqun Li ,&nbsp;Ruiyuan Lian ,&nbsp;Wenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Quan ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Dongwei Li ,&nbsp;Daijia Li ,&nbsp;Lili Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional inhibitors, such as N-Butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and 3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP), have been widely used to mitigate nitrogen loss, but their long-term environmental impacts remain a concern. Previous studies have indicated that 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO), a plant-derived compound, exhibits a dual-acting of suppressing urease activity and inhibiting nitrification. This unique property endows CCO with the potential to be developed into an eco-friendly and highly efficient novel inhibitor. In light of these findings, a field experiment was carried out to comprehensively assess the yield-increasing and emission-decreasing effects of this novel inhibitor and to explore the underlying microbial mechanisms. The experiment involved four treatments, each with three replicates: (i) Control (no fertilizer application); (ii) chemical fertilizer (NPK); (iii) NPK with NBPT and DMPP (NPK+ND), and (iv) NPK with CCO (NPK+CCO).</div><div>The results demonstrated that both CCO and ND treatments effectively increased yield and reduced emissions. Compared to NPK treatment, the CCO treatment significantly decreased NH₃, N₂O, and CO₂ emissions by 11.4 %, 9.9 %, and 12.8 %, respectively, and enhanced CH₄ uptake 27.32 g ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the ND treatment efficiently regulated the relative abundance and structure of microbial communities associated with genes such as <em>amoB</em>, <em>nirS</em>, and <em>nisK</em>. In contrast, CCO treatment acted more specifically on genes like <em>norB</em> and <em>nirD</em>. CCO significantly impacted target microorganisms, including <em>Nocardioides</em> and <em>Nitrospira</em>, by elevating bacterial abundance and intensifying community competition. Consequently, soil microbial metabolism, especially denitrification, was inhibited, reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and enhancing maize yields. These findings provide valuable insights for evaluating nutrient-retention mechanisms of novel inhibitors and strategies to mitigate the greenhouse effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil phosphorus fractions and microbial community network to straw returning: Insights from microbial phosphorus limitation","authors":"Xuelian Wang,&nbsp;Xinjie Ji,&nbsp;Anran Long,&nbsp;Jingwen Yang,&nbsp;Liyun Chang,&nbsp;Xiangwei Gong,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Hua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial metabolism is usually limited by nutrients in agricultural ecosystems; however, the mechanism through which straw return determines microbial nutrient limitations by affecting soil phosphorus (P) fractions and microbial community networks remains unclear. We investigated the effects of no-tillage with straw return (NTS), plow tillage with straw return (PTS), rotary tillage with straw return (RTS), and conventional tillage (CT) without straw return (control) on soil microbial structure, co-occurrence networks, and assembly processes in Northeast China in 2023–2024. All soil microorganisms in the four treatments were subjected to P limitation, and compared with CT, the three straw returning practices significantly alleviated microbial P limitation to a certain extent. Straw returning promoted organic P mineralization and improved P availability by regulating P fractions, as shown by the increased inorganic P content of the NTS, PTS, and RTS treatments of 41.54 %, 6.25 % and 6.80 %, respectively (averaged across rhizosphere and bulk soil, and two years). Random forest and correlation analyses showed that NaHCO₃–Po had a more significant response to P limitation. Straw returning practices did not change the soil bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere and bulk soil but decreased the fungal diversity through microbial high-throughput sequencing. Straw return-sensitive ASVs (rsASVs) was selectively aggregated in different modules, and straw returning induced specific responses in taxa/modules of microbial co–occurrence networks in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Partial least squares path modeling found that, compared with fungi, changes in the bacterial community structure driven by straw returning crucially alleviated microbial P limitation. Overall, our results highlight the close relationship between microbial community structure and metabolic limitations and provide a theoretical basis for the application of straw returning in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize/soybean intercropping with nitrogen reduction: A pathway for improved nitrogen efficiency and reduced environmental impact in Northwest China","authors":"Bo Jing,&nbsp;Wenjuan Shi,&nbsp;Tao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean intercropping holds promise for improving maize productivity and nitrogen use efficiency; however, comprehensive studies on the impacts of reduced nitrogen topdressing on system productivity, nitrogen dynamics, and environmental outcomes are still limited. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2023 to 2024 in Northwest China, comparing traditional maize and soybean monoculture with maize/soybean intercropping that included reduced nitrogen topdressing at 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the conventional rate (240 kg ha^–1) for maize. The study revealed that while maize/soybean intercropping reduced crops yield due to decreased planting density, it significantly improved maize nitrogen status (nitrogen nutrient index closer to 1) compared to traditional monoculture. Although soybean nitrogen fixation and accumulation were inhibited, the intercropping maintained a yield advantage (land equivalent ratio &gt; 1). Notably, intercropping reduced soil nitrate nitrogen residue by approximately 10 % and NH₃ volatilization by over 20 % compared to maize monoculture. The intercropping improved nitrogen balance and environmental sustainability, enhancing maize nitrogen partial factor productivity by 26.76 % (2023) and 23.63 % (2024). Furthermore, reducing nitrogen topdressing effectively minimized nitrogen residue and ammonia volatilization without compromising intercropping yield or nitrogen efficiency, despite partial inhibition of soybean nitrogen fixation. These findings suggest that maize/soybean intercropping combined with moderate reduction of nitrogen topdressing can support more sustainable nutrient management practices in Northwest China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic soil hydraulic properties in regenerative agriculture: Effects of crop and forest integration in livestock systems","authors":"Vanessa Silva Romanoski ,&nbsp;Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Getulio Coutinho Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Mayer ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri-Polizeli","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regenerative agriculture has been enhanced worldwide to improve the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable food production. This study aimed to compare three different integrated livestock systems against a single livestock system under regenerative agriculture practices, investigating how the integrations affect soil structure, emphasizing soil hydraulic properties. The experiment was established in 2012 on clayey soil at the Canguiri Experimental Station, Pinhais municipality, PR, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with three blocks and four treatments: Livestock (L), Crop-Livestock (CL), Livestock-Forest (LF) and Crop-Livestock-Forest (CLF). All systems are managed pesticide-free and according to conservation tillage principles. The samples were collected in 2022, down to 0.30 m. Soil attributes analyzed included saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), intrinsic air permeability of soil (Ka) at matric potentials −3 kPa and −10 kPa, soil bulk density (BD), total porosity, porosity of large macropores (MAC; ∅&gt;100 μm), macroporosity (MaP; ∅&gt;30 μm), microporosity (MIC; ∅&lt;30 μm), plant-available water (PAWC), air-filled porosity, organization and connectivity indexes and soil carbon stock (Cst). Integrated systems such as Crop-Livestock (CL) and Crop-Livestock-Forest (CLF) exhibit better soil hydraulic properties compared to Livestock (L). The L and LF systems showed similarities and maintained adequate structural characteristics. The analysis revealed the formation of two clusters: the first, consisting of the CL (Crop-Livestock) and CLF (Crop-Livestock-Forest) systems, demonstrated a positive association among Ks, Ka_(MAC), Ka_(MaP), Cst and MIC. The second cluster, which includes the L (Livestock) and LF (Livestock-Forest) systems, suggested a possible relationship between BD and Map. The quality of the cluster analysis was considered robust, with a cophenetic correlation of 0.75. The statistical tests indicated that these differences were significant (p &lt; 0.05). These findings highlight that integrating cropland with livestock, as in CL and CLF systems, enhances soil structure and pore functionality, while maintaining carbon stocks contributes to long-term sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Predicting bulk density of soils with varying degree of structural degradation using single and multi-parameter based pedotransfer functions” [Soil Tillage Res. 250 (2025) 106503]","authors":"Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Frank Van der Bolt ,&nbsp;Wim Cornelis","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of soil water evaporation and condensation using stable water isotopes under plastic mulching","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Kader ,&nbsp;Yumi Yoshioka ,&nbsp;Mikiya Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Kimihito Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding of soil evaporation is crucial for optimizing water management in agriculture to improve ecohydrological modeling and increase crop yields. Stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water reflect phase changes owing to equilibrium and kinetic effects, which are valuable for examining water-mixing processes in soil. This study aimed to examine the effects of evaporation and condensation of water from soil wrapped in black and white films to quantify the differences in isotope ratio changes between soil columns with and without plastic mulch. A soil-column experiment was conducted to examine the isotopic fluctuation (enrichment) processes of soil water and condensed water using water stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) under the three treatments: black plastic mulching (BPM), white plastic mulching (WPM), and no-mulching (NM). The results showed that plastic mulching significantly reduced net soil evaporation and enhanced soil water storage compared with the NM treatment. The net evaporation ratio (net evaporation to irrigation) decreased more for plastic mulching (BPM: 23.1 %; WPM: 23.7 %) than for bare soil (75.1 %). The isotope ratios of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in soil water were lower in the mulched soil profiles than in bare soil at 0–60 cm depths, suggesting that mulching reduces evaporation because of water retention effect. The vertical profile of isotopic ratios of soil water varied among the three treatments owing to the evaporation effect on the soil surface and the addition of condensation water. Condensate under the plastic mulch exhibited higher (more enriched) δ¹⁸O and δ²H than soil water and source (irrigation) water owing to kinetic isotope fractionation during evaporation. The regression slopes of δ¹⁸O and δ²H decreased more in condensed water than in soil water under the mulching treatments. Therefore, the stable isotope techniques are effective for estimating the ratio of evaporated water that escapes to the atmosphere versus the water that returns to the soil as condensate. In addition, isotopic analysis of condensate reveals the moisture exchange between the topsoil and mulch, particularly vapor exchange obtained using various mulching methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106678"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing soils for sustainable agriculture – Present situation and future challenges","authors":"Bal Ram Singh,&nbsp;Ryusuke Hatano,&nbsp;Damien Field,&nbsp;Erika Micheli","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present state of soil structure: A comparison of cropland and grassland soils in North Germany","authors":"Conrad Wiermann ,&nbsp;Malin Hanne Bockwoldt ,&nbsp;Daniel Uteau ,&nbsp;Stephan Peth ,&nbsp;Anneka Mordhorst ,&nbsp;Heiner Fleige","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this study are to analyse soil structure of representative crop (45 sites) and grassland (58 sites) soils and furthermore to identify differences in soil structure features between these sites in Northern Germany. Using the Compaction Verification Tool (CVT), published by Zink et al. (2011), the present state of soil structure was investigated. Additionally, the orientation of the pore system was analysed by combining the vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity. Finally, the influence of soil structure features on crop yield of different arable plants was determined according to the concept of the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (Müller et al., 2013). While (sub-) soil compaction within the transition layer, connecting top- and subsoil, was identified on 15 % of the on arable sites, on grassland sites in contrast only a negligible small proportion showed these features. Regarding the correlation of soil quality and crop yield, the results also show differences between arable and grassland sites: on arable soils a correlation was found with a coefficient of determination of nearly 50 % (R²=0.46), on grassland sites in contrast this correlation could not be identified. The conclusions of this study are the overriding importance of soil structure on arable soils regarding plant yield and management efficiency. In contrast, plant growth and yield on grassland soils are more likely determined by management practices (e.g. fertilisation, number of cuts) and the influencing groundwater than by soil structure features. Furthermore, the results show investigation methods should be adapted to grassland soils in order to analyse the complex interactions of soil, sward (including the dense rooting system) and environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of crop yield and soil quality to organic material application in the black soil region of Northeast China","authors":"Ying Song ,&nbsp;Zhijie Li ,&nbsp;Hanwen Chen ,&nbsp;Jiayu Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoling He ,&nbsp;Jinxia Fu ,&nbsp;Fenli Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of organic materials is an effective approach to mitigate the conflict between soil degradation and agricultural production. Therefore, it is important to optimize the organic material addition by assessing their influence on crop yield and soil quality (<em>SQI</em>) under various environmental and agronomic conditions. This meta-analysis, utilizing 1289 comparisons from 154 publications, evaluated the influence of organic material application on crop yield and <em>SQI</em> under various climates, soils, and agronomic practices (type, application rate, substitution rate of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, tillage, and rotation) in Northeast China. Results demonstrate that organic material significantly increases crop yield by 14 % and improves <em>SQI</em> by 6 %. For climate, the regions with mean annual temperature &lt; 2 ℃ and annual precipitation of 500–600 mm show optimal effects on crop yield and <em>SQI</em>. For soil conditions, organic material application increases yield by 3 %-10 % and <em>SQI</em> by 9 %–19 % in soils with SOM&lt; 40 g·kg⁻¹. In areas with severe soil erosion, organic amendments lead to greater improvement in soil quality by enhancing soil structure, increasing water retention, and promoting plant growth. Agronomic practices, such as crop rotation and longer experimental durations (3–6 years), result in the most significant improvement, while deep plowing has no significant effect. Replacing chemical fertilizers with organic materials improves <em>SQI</em> by 1 %-38 %, but substitution rates above 60 % decline crop yield. An Extreme Gradient Boosting model reveals that the experimental duration and organic material type are primary factors affecting the changes in crop yield and soil quality. Extending the experimental duration can mitigate the negative impacts of high pH or use of single organic fertilizer on crop yield and significantly enhance soil quality in regions with high soil erosion rates. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing organic amendment strategies to balance yield and soil quality, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}