Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Hydrophobic high-frequency vibration collaborative strategy for reducing resistance and soil adhesion of tillage tools in lime concretion black soil","authors":"Kuan Qin ,&nbsp;Ding Zhang ,&nbsp;Biao Ma ,&nbsp;Weidong Gao ,&nbsp;Chengmao Cao ,&nbsp;Xu Zhu ,&nbsp;Junjie Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Ge ,&nbsp;Qichun Feng ,&nbsp;Huaizhi Liu ,&nbsp;Siliang Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Sun ,&nbsp;Liangfei Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2026.107061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-engaging components in the lime concretion black soil farming in the Huang Huai Hai region of China often face significant challenges due to strong resistance caused by soil adhesion. Soil adhesion to tillage tools under high moisture conditions presents a major challenge for vibration-based drag reduction methods. Conversely, surface-modified hydrophobic tillage tools exhibit relatively limited drag reduction efficiency in low-moisture soils. Herein, a hydrophobic high-frequency vibration drag reduction strategy was proposed. By combining a thin-layer hydrophobic rubbery coating with high-frequency vibration, this approach reduced the interfacial interaction between moist soil and the modified soil-engaging components, as well as the internal friction among soil particles. Specifically, a robust cross-linked physical network was formed by the rigid styrene segments and alloys, and the thin-layer (0.2 millimeter) coated rubbery styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) was adhered firmly to soil-engaging components, achieving an adhesion energy of 37.21 J/m². With the integration of high-frequency vibration, the hydrophobic soil-engaging components demonstrated a low adhesion amount of 0.27 g/cm² and a drag reduction rate of 32.16 % in the soil at 21 % moisture content. All in all, this work provides significant theoretical and technical support for efficient adhesion reduction and drag reduction of agricultural machinery soil-engaging components in the Huang Huai Hai region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking soil potassium extraction methods and establishing critical thresholds for wheat production in Inceptisols","authors":"Shubhadip Dasgupta ,&nbsp;Rajat Pandit ,&nbsp;Sudip Sengupta ,&nbsp;Arup Dey ,&nbsp;Kallol Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Sanjay Srivastava ,&nbsp;Owais Bashir ,&nbsp;Kiran Lata ,&nbsp;Somsubhra Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Nicola Senesi ,&nbsp;Abdessalam Ouallali ,&nbsp;Mohamed Beroho ,&nbsp;Shuraik Kader","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate assessment of plant-available potassium (K) in soils is crucial for optimizing crop nutrition and enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer use. This study systematically benchmarked ten widely used soil K extractants, Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂), Ammonium Acetate (NH₄OAc), Ammonium Bicarbonate-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (AB-DTPA), Morgan's extractant (Morgan), Calcium acetate lactate extractant (Ca-AL), Kelowna extractant (Kelowna), Olsen extractant (Olsen), Modified Kelowna extractant (Kelowna-2), Nitric Acid (HNO₃), and Sodium Tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) to identify the most effective method for quantifying available K and defining critical thresholds for wheat production in Inceptisols. Pot trials were conducted on soils from twenty Inceptisol series in the Gangetic alluvial plains of Eastern India using five K fertilizer rates that simulates the wide K variability in real field situations. Among the tested methods, NaTPB emerged as the most reliable extractant, showing the strongest correlation (R² = 0.83, P &lt; 0.05) with Bray’s percent yield (BPY) and a critical K threshold of 1110.3 kg ha⁻¹. CaCl₂ also demonstrated high accuracy (R² = 0.82). Multivariate analysis revealed that NaTPB-extractable K was significantly influenced by soil clay content and electrical conductivity, which together explained 76.9 % of its variability. Furthermore, NaTPB effectively captured K from multiple pools, including water-soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable pools, providing a more comprehensive index of plant-available K. A critical K concentration of 0.35 % in wheat grain was identified as the threshold for optimal yield, offering a practical benchmark for site-specific K management. By integrating chemical extraction, crop response modeling, and soil property analysis, this research presents a novel and scientifically robust framework for assessing K fertility. With the successful implementation in Eastern India, the findings have benchmarked broader applicability to Inceptisols in other agroecological regions, providing a scalable diagnostic approach for sustainable nutrient management. This study makes a significant contribution to precision agriculture and global efforts to optimize fertilizer recommendations through the development of improved soil testing methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil compaction limits maize and bean yields in precision agriculture zones under no-tillage system","authors":"Cristiano Andre Pott ,&nbsp;Leandro Taubinger ,&nbsp;Vitor Hugo Outeiro ,&nbsp;Leandro Rampim ,&nbsp;Miguel David Fuentes-Guevara ,&nbsp;Aline Marques Genú ,&nbsp;Marcelo Marques Lopes Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatial variability of crop yields in no-tillage systems under precision agriculture is crucial for improving production efficiency. Yield maps may serve as effective tools for defining management zones and guiding soil sampling to identify factors that limit crop yield. This study aimed to determine yield classes using yield maps and assess how soil physical and chemical properties influence the yields of maize and common bean in farm field conditions, and identify the critical soil compaction limits in no-tillage system. The research was conducted in a commercial farm with spatial variability in crop yields, measured by monitoring onboard harvesters during the maize and common bean harvests. Soil samples were collected from four productivity classes (high, medium-high, medium-low, and low), as defined by the yield maps. Soil compaction degree was calculated as the ratio between soil bulk density and maximum bulk density obtained from the Proctor test. Results showed that high productivity zones had higher total porosity, lower bulk density, reduced soil compaction degree, higher soil organic matter and higher cation exchange capacity. Soil compaction was the main limiting factor, with critical limit more pronounced in shallower layers. The critical limiting of soil compaction degree in the 0.00–0.40 m profile was 85 % in farm field conditions. Soil compaction is a key limiting factor for productivity in clayey soils. Yield maps, along with soil chemical and physical properties analysis, are valuable tools for identifying limiting factors and improving agricultural management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil structural transformation under multiple freeze–thaw cycles with comprehensive morphological and topological analysis: The hypothesis of periodicity","authors":"Kirill D. Tolstygin ,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Kulygin ,&nbsp;Konstantin A. Romanenko ,&nbsp;Marina V. Karsanina ,&nbsp;Aleksey M. Cherkasov ,&nbsp;Aleksey Khlyupin ,&nbsp;Kirill M. Gerke","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freezing–thawing cycles significantly affect the dynamics of soil pore space structure, both directly and through indirect processes. Previous studies have reported varying observations and interpretations regarding the qualitative and quantitative changes in soil structure induced by these cycles. In this study, we conducted freeze–thaw experiments on three different disturbed soil samples. The samples were imaged with an X-ray scanner in their original state and after 1, 5, 10, and 20 freeze–thaw cycles. To process the obtained data, we employed two novel but essential methods: (1) a custom-built image registration technique to establish identical 3D regions of interest within the scans, and (2) a set of soil structural descriptors with high information content, incorporating both morphological and topological information — correlation functions, pore-network statistics, Euler numbers, and connectivity. Registration and careful consideration of individual grains within the soil structure enabled robust segmentation of grayscale images into solids and pores. Unlike most previous studies, we did not observe a steady or nearly monotonic change in structural metrics. Instead, we detected a type of chaotic behavior of these metrics between the freeze–thaw cycles. Using vector descriptors, we demonstrated that the experimental data can be interpreted as hypothetical oscillatory changes within soil structure. This finding leads us to hypothesize that disturbed soils — and possibly natural soils after multiple cycles — undergo periodic structural dynamics. The novel idea behind this hypothesis is simple: as at some point the same temperature impact will not produce the same effect, the structure disturbance will stagnate. From the original state, soils exhibited the strongest structural degradation due to freeze–thaw cycles, whereas in subsequent cycles the dynamics involved both dispersing and aggregating processes, as observed in the X-ray tomography images. We conclude by discussing the necessary future research to confirm or refute this hypothesis and emphasize why soil structure in such experiments should be described using a novel class of vector metrics with high information content, which also subsume most classical soil structural metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106980"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of solid agents and pore structure to aggregate water and mechanical stability across a wide range of soil types","authors":"Xinliang Wu ,&nbsp;Chenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zichun Lu ,&nbsp;Hassan Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggregate stability is crucial for soil processes and functions, and it is influenced by a wide range of intrinsic soil properties, which can be categorized into two groups: solid agents and pores. Due to the complexity of soil system, the relative importance of these two phases as well as their interactions in aggregate stability remains insufficiently understood, especially across different soil types. This study compiled data on aggregate water and mechanical stability, pore structure characteristics measured by X-ray micro-computed tomography and mercury intrusion porosimetry, and aggregating agents (including clay mineralogy, metal oxides, exchangeable cations, and organic matter) from a series of soil types. Redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis, and pathway analysis were applied to evaluate the contributions of pore structure and solid agents to both aggregate water and mechanical stability. Among the pore and agent parameters, fraction of regular pores and vermiculite separately possessed the largest explanatory power in aggregate water stability (R²=56.3 % and 48.0 %, p &lt; 0.01), so did for textural porosity and exchangeable magnesium in aggregate mechanical stability (R²=40.2 % and 38.7 %, p &lt; 0.01). These results suggested the stronger effects of pore structure than agents on aggregate stability. Variance partitioning analysis and pathway analysis results further revealed that clay minerals, exchangeable cations and organic matter regulated aggregate water and mechanical stability through distinct mechanisms, primarily via pore structure. Water stability relied largely on the morphology of structural pores, and mechanical stability relied on the volume of textural pores and the size of macropores. These findings facilitate an in-depth understanding of the different mechanisms of aggregate water and mechanical stability from the perspectives of pores and solid agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107001"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of rapeseed embryo root penetration resistance under different soil compaction levels based on the discrete element method","authors":"Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingxi Liao ,&nbsp;Jiashun Cai ,&nbsp;Huan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil penetration resistance critically constrains early root elongation, limiting water and nutrient acquisition and ultimately crop performance. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations can deepen our understanding of soil–tool and seedling emergence mechanics; however, precise quantification of the dynamic penetration resistance experienced by growing rapeseed embryo roots remains scarce. Here, we used DEM to examine how soil compaction affects penetration resistance of rapeseed embryo root. We integrated probe-penetration tests with image-based root morphology to build a 3D DEM model that simulates dynamic root growth. After high-accuracy calibration (R² &gt; 0.95), soil bonding parameters (kₙ = 1.4 ×10⁶–8.0 ×10⁸ N·m⁻³) reproduced bulk densities spanning 737.57–1063.41 kg·m⁻³ . Results show that a 44.2 % increase in bulk density raises penetration resistance by 443 % (2.15–11.68 N) and markedly suppresses root growth rate (56.1 % reduction), cumulative length (62.5 % shorter), and diameter (53.6 % thinner). We identify a “tip-breakthrough” mechanism: the root-cap zone (8 % of total length) contributes 28.7–41.2 % of total resistance and governs soil penetration. Dynamic simulations reveal force-chain transmission and bond-failure patterns; under high compaction, bond-failure onset is delayed (displacement 0–1.7 mm) and the number of broken bonds decreases (29.7 % fewer). A predictive model indicates that under extreme compaction (L4 = 1127.50 kg·m⁻³), roots face up to 15.92 N of resistance, total length shortens to &lt; 20 mm, and growth rate drops to &lt; 0.3 mm·h⁻¹ . This DEM-based quantitative framework captures root–soil mechanical interactions and provides a basis for optimizing tillage to mitigate compaction-induced yield loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 106953"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil pH adjustment and the neutralizing effect reshape the rhizobial community in the legume rhizosphere","authors":"Kaili Xia ,&nbsp;Shengyi Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xi Mo ,&nbsp;Yaxuan Gao ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu ,&nbsp;Yingxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Changfu Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding microbial community assembly is pivotal in microbial ecology. Rhizobia, functioning as legume endosymbionts or free-living soil bacteria, sustain nitrogen fixation in crucial food and forage crops. However, in contrast to the well-studied rhizobia within root nodules, the ecological drivers governing rhizosphere rhizobial community assembly under environmental perturbations, particularly those assessed using the <em>rpoB</em> gene - an essential housekeeping gene valued for its ability to provide species- and strain-level phylogenetic insights remain unresolved. This study first integrated a meta-analysis of <em>rpoB</em> gene high-throughput sequencing data from legume rhizospheres across China, revealing soil pH and longitude as dominant biogeographical drivers. We then investigated the assembly patterns of rhizospheric rhizobial community in response to directed pH adjustment (HCl/NaOH/H₂O treatments) using soils of contrasting pH origins (Jiangxi acidic soil, Shandong neutral soil, and Xizang alkaline soil) and host plants (alfalfa, faba bean, and soybean) via controlled experiments. Phenotypic result demonstrated that pH neutralization increased nodule occupancy. High-resolution <em>rpoB</em> sequencing revealed that pH neutralization increased the alpha diversity of the Pan-<em>Rhizobium</em> community, while pH shifts in general led to simplified co-occurrence networks. Mechanistically, community assembly analysis demonstrated that pH shift promoted deterministic processes by selectively enriching pH-specialized taxa: <em>Brarhizobium</em> under acidity and <em>Rhizobium</em>/<em>Mesorhizobium</em> under alkalinity. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for predicting rhizobial community responses to environmental changes in legume-rhizobia symbiosis, enabling pH-targeted soil management strategies to enhance agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107050"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth-discrepant impact of winter cover crops on particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in a subtropical paddy field","authors":"Zihan Zhang,&nbsp;Dongqiao Yang,&nbsp;Mengya Lu,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Xueli Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Replacing winter fallow with cover crops can improve soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agroecosystems, with cover crop species potentially differing in their contributions to SOC formation and stabilization. However, how different crop species affect the accumulation of distinct SOC fractions (particulate organic C, POC; mineral-associated organic C, MAOC) and their contribution to SOC storage remain unclear, particularly in subsoils of paddy fields. Here, we investigated how POC and MAOC responded to different cover crop species (hairy vetch, <em>Vicia villosa</em> Roth., and winter wheat, <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) in both topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm, 40–60 cm) in paddy soils. Our results revealed that different cover crops induced divergent responses in SOC fractions, contingently dependent upon soil depths. Both cover crops significantly stimulated POC accumulation (winter wheat: 41.3 %; hairy vetch: 46.1 %) relative to fallow in topsoil, while cover crop effects on POC gradually diminished in subsoil. Meanwhile, cover crops significantly increased contents of dissolved organic carbon and available phosphorus, particularly in deeper subsoil, which were key factors affecting SOC accumulation. POC and MAOC accumulation along soil depths differed significantly between different cover crops, suggesting a species-specific effect. Winter wheat significantly boosted MAOC in both topsoil and deeper subsoil, while hairy vetch induced a statistically nonsignificant increase in MAOC across three depths compared to fallow. These divergent responses of SOC fractions were closely related to cover crop-induced changes of microbial community composition, necromass accumulation and enzyme activity. Random forest analysis revealed that microbial necromass was the main factor defining MAOC in topsoil, whereas the Fe oxides was the main factor influencing subsoil MAOC accumulation. Overall, winter cover increased total SOC sequestration across 0–60 cm soil depths and more importantly, potential SOC stability (MAOC:POC) was enhanced in subsoil. These findings demonstrate a depth-discrepant impact of cover crops on POC and MAOC in paddy soils. Our work highlights the need to present POC and MAOC fractions into biogeochemical models to better predict responses of SOC to cover crop management practices in rice paddy ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107015"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus adsorption-desorption dynamics across a soil texture gradient in floodplain agricultural soilscape of the middle Yellow River, China","authors":"Xiaojun Nie ,&nbsp;Xingyu Du ,&nbsp;Tongqian Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinchan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little attention has been paid to Phosphorus (P) adsorption-desorption in agricultural soilscape with varying soil textures under field-relevant P application practices. This study examined these processes in the Middle Yellow River floodplain landscapes, focusing on field-relevant P application rates and soil disturbance. At a field-relevant 10 mg P L⁻¹ rate, finer-textured ground soils (silty clay, loam, silty loam) exhibited an initial fast adsorption and gradual equilibrium and best obeyed the Elovich model, indicating chemisorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Coarse-textured loamy sand exhibited desorption–adsorption at ≤ 100 mg P L⁻¹ , transitioning to Elovich-type adsorption only at ≥ 200 mg L⁻¹ . Silty clay had the most available adsorption sites, loamy sand the fewest. As soil texture coarsened, P adsorption-desorption maximum potentials, binding strength and buffering capacity decreased, while its reversibility increased (26 % in silty clay to 54 % in loamy sand). At the field rate, P adsorption/desorption correlated with clay, sand, CaCO₃, and soil organic matter (SOM), with clay explaining 81 % of adsorption variance and sand 65 % of desorption variance (p &lt; 0.05). Undisturbed soil experiments showed higher adsorption at 5 mg P L⁻¹ addition but lower adsorption at 100 mg L⁻¹ for loamy sand and silty clay. Across textures undisturbed soils had very low P adsorption (1.3 %–10.1 % of ground soils) at field rates (5–30 mg P L⁻¹), underscoring soil disturbance’s impact and real-ideal disparity. These findings demonstrate that soil clay and sand contents dominate field-relevant P adsorption-desorption in agricultural soilscape with varying textures. Undisturbed soil’s P adsorption is minimal, which complements ground soil experiment-derived understanding. Texture-specific P management is vital for floodplain sustainable agriculture and aquatic protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic film mulch mitigates soil respiration by reducing the duration of freeze-thaw transition","authors":"Yufei Li ,&nbsp;Kaiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Wucheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuling Li ,&nbsp;Ningning Zhang ,&nbsp;Pingxing Wan ,&nbsp;Zhongke Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Kan ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.107038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) during the non-growing season influence soil respiration (R_s), yet the effect of widely used plastic film mulch (PFM) on FTCs remains unclear. Based on four years of high-frequency observations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, we found that PFM shortened the freeze-thaw transition (F-T) period by 59 days per year and extended the freezing period by 42 days per year through reducing the daily soil temperature (ST) range by 2.5 °C during the non-growing season. Although microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased during the F-T period compared to the freeze period, increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the activities of β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) contributed to higher R_s under both treatments. PFM did not significantly influence R_s (relative to the control) within either period. PFM increased cumulative CO₂ emissions by 24 g C m⁻² due to the extended freezing period, while reducing emissions by 47 g C m⁻² owing to the shortened F-T period. PFM increased R_s by 24 % during the thaw period, causing only an 8 g C m⁻² rise. Overall, PFM reduced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 16 %. To investigate the regional effect of PFM on FTCs, we used a process-based model with good performance to simulate the spatiotemporal patterns of FTCs in PFM-applied cropland across northern China. Simulations showed that PFM shorten annual F-T periods by approximately 15 days, especially between 35°N and 45°N. Of the un-mulched cropland in northern China, 7 % showed an increasing F-T duration from 1990 to 2019, a figure which potentially increased to 11 % under PFM, mainly located in Northeast China. During the same period, 16 % of the un-mulched cropland showed a decreasing F-T events, which increase to 19 % under PFM, primarily in the central part of northern China. These results suggest that PFM effectively reduces F-T duration and may mitigate non-growing season R_s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 107038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}